1、Section Integrating Skills课前 自主预习课堂 合作探究随堂 即时巩固课文预读释疑原文呈现The Wrong Kind of Small TalkEsther Greenbaum was a saleswoman for a firm of faxmachines and business supplies.But she was also the most outspoken human being in the worldwell,Westchester County,at least.Her motto was“Every time I open my mouth
2、，I put my foot in it.”Esther Greenbaums major shortcoming was that she had a complete absence of small talk.No,thats not quite true.She had small talk,but it was the wrong kind.In fact，she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication,and as a consequence，she made systematic mistakes ever
3、y time she opened her mouth.It was no coincidence either that she wasnt a very good saleswoman.读文清障saleswoman/seIlzwmn/n.女推销员，女销售员firm/fm/n.公司 fax/fks/n.传真(机)outspoken/atspkn/adj.直言不讳的，坦率的human being人类，其复数形式是human beings。at least至少 motto/mt/n.座右铭，格言every time“每次”，是名词短语用作连词，引导时间状语从句。put ones foot in
4、ones mouth犯使人难堪的错误，说错话major adj.主要的shortcoming/tkmI/n.缺点，短处absence/bsns/n.缺乏，不存在that she had.是表语从句。in fact实际上，as a matter of fact事实上as a consequence因此，结果systematic/sIstmtIk/adj.非偶然的，经常的coincidence/kInsIdns/n.巧合It is/was no coincidence that.不是巧合。it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。不合时宜的闲谈12段译文埃斯特戈林鲍姆是一家传真机及商务用品公
5、司的女推销员。但她也是世界上最口无遮拦的人当然，至少在韦切斯特县是这样的。她的座右铭是“每当我张口，就会讲错话。”埃斯特戈林鲍姆的主要缺点是她根本不会闲谈。不，也不完全如此。她也闲谈，只是不合时宜。实际上，她从来就没有认识到社交的基本规则，因此每次张嘴说话她都会犯经常性的错误。她成不了一名优秀的推销员也就不是巧合了。One day during a meeting,Esther was introduced to an important customer，a mature21 woman.“Nice to meet you，”she said.“How old are you？”The cu
6、stomer looked awkward22.“Forty?Forty-five？”said Esther.“You look much older.And your friend.shes older than you,but she looks much younger！”On another occasion,Esther teased23 a typist24，“Hey!Whens your baby due？”The typist went red25 and contradicted26 Esther.“Actually,Im not pregnant27，”she said.“
7、Oh,sorry，”said Esther without any apology28.“Just putting on a little weight29，huh？”Esther was never cautious30 about other peoples feelings.One of her acquaintances31，a salesman in the firm,was going through32 a very messy33divorce34 and was very depressed.She tried to cheer him up35.“Forget her!Sh
8、e was a complete fool36.No one liked her anyway.”be introduced to sb.被介绍给某人customer/kstm/n.顾客，客户21 mature/mt/adj.成熟的22 awkward/kwd/adj.尴尬的23 tease/tiz/v.戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄24 typist/taIpIst/n.打字员 25 go red变红26 contradict/kntrdIkt/v.反驳27 pregnant/prennt/adj.怀孕的28 apology/pldi/n.道歉，致歉29 put on weight长胖，增肥 lose w
9、eight减肥30 cautious/ks/adj.谨慎的，慎重的，小心的be cautious about(be careful of/about)对谨慎小心31 acquaintance/kweIntns/n.熟人32 go through遭受，经历33 messy/mesi/adj.棘手的，难办的34 divorce/dIvs/n.离婚，离异35 cheer sb.up使某人高兴/振作起来36 fool/ful/n.傻瓜，笨蛋第310段译文一天在一次会议期间，埃斯特被介绍给一位重要的客户，一位成熟的女士。她说：“很高兴见到你。你多大年纪啦？”这位客户看起来很尴尬。埃斯特说道：“四十？四十
10、五？你看起来更老。而你的朋友她年龄比你大，但看起来年轻得多！”还有一次，埃斯特打趣一位打字员说：“嗨！你什么时候生宝宝啊？”那位打字员一下子变得面红耳赤，并反驳埃斯特说：“实际上，我还没怀孕呢。”埃斯特毫无歉意地说：“噢，对不起。只是略微发福，是吗？”埃斯特从来不注意他人的感受。和她在同一家公司做推销员的一个熟人正陷入离婚窘境，并为此非常沮丧。她试图让他高兴起来。“忘掉她！她是一个十足的傻瓜。无论如何没有人喜欢她。”Much of the time,Esther said the first thing to come into her head37.One day at work,a cle
11、rk38 came into the office with a new hairstyle.“Nice haircut39，”said Esther.“How much did it cost？”The woman replied,“Id rather40 not say.”Esther replied,“Well,anyhow41，either you paid too much or42 you paid too little.”She met a very famous writer once.“Hey,what a coincidence！”she said.“Youre writi
12、ng a book and Im reading one！”37 to come into her head作后置定语，修饰the first thing。38 clerk/klk/n.职员，办事员39 haircut/hekt/n.发型，发式40 would rather“宁愿”，后接动词原形，还可接that从句(从句用一般过去时或过去完成时表示虚拟语气)。41 anyhow/eniha/adv.不管怎么说，无论如何42 either.or.或者或者第1115段译文大多数时候，埃斯特想到什么就说什么。有一天工作时，一位刚换了新发型的职员走进办公室。埃斯特说：“发型很漂亮，花了多少钱？”这位女
13、士回答道：“我宁愿不说。”埃斯特答道：“哦，不管怎样，要么你花了太多，要么你花了太少。”有一次她遇见一位非常著名的作家。她说：“嗨，多么巧啊！你正在写一本书，我正在看一本书！”The trouble with Esther was she said what she thought,and didnt think about what she said43.A young man was trying to be modest44 about his new job many miles away.“I guess the company chose me so theyd get some
14、peace in the office，”he smiled.“No,I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending45 your whole career with us，”Esther replied sweetly46.Once,Esther went to a brunch47 party to meet some old school friends on the anniversary48 of their graduation.She greeted49 the hostess50.“Do you remember t
15、hat guy you were dating51？What happened to him？”she asked.“You know,the ugly52 one.”At that moment53，a man came up54 and stood by her friend.“Esther,Id like you to meet my husband，”she said.“Charles,this is.”Esther interrupted55 her，“Hey,so you married56 him！”43was后省略了表语从句引导词that，表语从句中含有并列谓语said和did
16、nt think about，它们分别后接了宾语从句what she thought和what she said。44 modest/mdIst/adj.谦虚的，谦逊的be modest about对谦虚45 discourage sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事46 sweetly adj.令人愉快地；甜美地47 brunch/brnt/n.早午餐48 anniversary/nIvsrI/n.周年纪念日49 greet vt.问候，向打招呼其后直接跟sb.，意同say hi/hello to sb.。50 hostess/hstIs/n.女主人51 you were da
17、ting前省略了定语从句的关系词that，who或whom。52 ugly adj.丑陋的，难看的53 at that moment正在那时54 come up走过来，走上前来55 interrupt/Intrpt/v.打断56 marry v嫁给；与结婚be married to sb.与某人结婚埃斯特的问题是她想到什么就说什么，而且从不考虑她说的话。一位年轻人为他好几英里外的新工作而尽力表示谦虚。他微笑着说：“我想公司选择我是为了他们在办公室里可以得到一些平和。”埃斯特亲切地回答：“不是的，我想他们之所以挑中你是因为不想让你一辈子都跟着我们干。”有一次，埃斯特在他们毕业周年纪念日去一个早午
18、餐聚会见几个老校友。她向女主人打招呼。第1622段译文她问道：“你还记得和你约会的那个家伙吗？他怎么样了？你知道的，就是那个长得丑的。”正在那时，一个男人走过来，站在她朋友的旁边。她说：“埃斯特，我想让你见见我丈夫。查尔斯，这是”埃斯特打断她说：“噢，原来你和他结了婚！”原文呈现Making Friends in the USAIn the USA,conversation is less lively than in many other cultures，where everyone talks at the same time.When someone talks,everyone is
19、 expected to listen，no matter how dull the persons speaking may be.If youre not sure what to talk about,you can ask what people do.Were defined by our jobs and were usually happy to talk about them,unless youre a spy!Some people say that Americans talk about their feelings more than Asians,but are m
20、ore secretive about factual matters.You can safely ask questions about families,where you come from,leisure interests,as well as 10 the latest movies.Were interested in peoples ethnic background too.But its best to avoid politics,religion and other sensitive topics.读文清障at the same time同时where引导非限制性定
21、语从句，先行词为many other cultures。be expected to do被期望做no matter how“无论，不管”，引导让步状语从句。If youre not sure.是条件状语从句，从句中what to.作sure的宾语；主句you can ask.中what people do作ask的宾语。define/dIfaIn/v.解释，给下定义unless conj.(if.not)除非secretive/sikrtIv/adj.秘而不宣的，隐藏的be secretive about对隐藏factual/fktl/adj.实际的，事实的，确实的10 as well as
22、不但而且；除之外as well也，又；除此之外latest adj.最新的be interested in对感兴趣 take(an)interest in对产生兴趣ethnic adj.民族的，种族的 religion n宗教(信仰)sensitive adj.敏感的 be sensitive to对敏感句中it是形式主语，to avoid.是真正的主语。在美国交朋友第13段译文在美国，交谈比在许多别的国家沉闷得多，在别的国家大家都一起聊天。(而在美国)当有人说话时，不管他说得可能多么无聊，每个人都应该倾听。如果你不能确定谈论什么，你可以问一下别人是做什么的。工作体现着我们的特质，而且我们通常
23、乐意去谈论它们，除非你是一个间谍！有些人说美国人谈论感情要比亚洲人多，但他们对现实的事情却更隐藏。你除了可以很放心地问最新的电影，还可以问有关家庭、籍贯、业余爱好等的问题。我们对人们的民族背景也感兴趣。但最好避免政治、宗教和其他敏感话题。A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone,but this doesnt mean that youre close friends,or the relationship is very deep.But a lot o
24、f people are very friendly and hospitable，and the famous invitation“If youre ever in Minneapolis/San Diego/Poughkeepsie,do call by and see us！”is never made without a genuine desire21 to meet again.But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask,particularly22 if you clearly show
25、youre aware of23 cultural differences,they may hesitate24 before they ask you similar questions 25.In fact,its a sign that they dont wish to violate26 your private27 life28.So,many Americans will talk about safe topics because they dont dare to be too curious29 or personal,but will happily talk abou
26、t more private matters if you take the lead30.hospitable/hspItbl/adj.好客的，殷勤的do置于动词原形前，用来强调谓语。call by顺道来访genuine/denjuIn/adj.纯粹的，真正的，真实的21 desire n渴望，欲望 desire to do sth.渴望做某事22 particularly adv.特别地，尤其(in particular)23(be)aware of知道 be aware that.知道24 hesitate v迟疑，犹豫不决hesitate to do sth.犹豫做某事25while“
27、尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句；if引导条件状语从句；before引导时间状语从句；you may ask为省略关系代词的定语从句；youre aware of.为省略that的宾语从句。26 violate/vaIleIt/v.骚扰，妨碍，侵犯27 private adj.私人的，个人的28 that they.是同位语从句，解释a sign的内容。29 curious adj.好奇的 be curious about对好奇30 take the lead带头，领先第45段译文两个人认识很短一段时间之后，就可能会有亲密的交谈，但这并不意味着你们就是亲密的朋友或关系非常好了。但许多人非常友好、
28、好客，而且如果无意再相见，他们是不会作出“如果你有机会到明尼阿波利斯/圣地亚哥/波基普西，务必顺道来看看我们！”这种人们所惯见的邀请的。但是尽管极少数的美国人会担心你可能提出的问题，尤其是你明显地表现出你了解文化差异时，在问你相似的问题之前，他们可能会犹豫。事实上，这表明他们不希望侵犯你的私人生活。因此，许多美国人都谈论一些安全的话题，因为他们不敢(表现得)太好奇或太冒昧，但如果你首先引入(私人话题)，他们会高兴地谈论更多关于私人的事情。Generally31 we dislike arguments32，and we avoid topics which lead to33disagreem
29、ent.Its easy to return to discussing the weather34：“Do you like the USA?How do you like the weather？”or making compliments35：“What lovely flowers and what a beautiful vase！”“Thats a fabulous dress youre wearing.”You should accept compliments graciously36 and say“Thank you！”There are a couple of dang
30、erous topics of conversation:age and money.Age is not treated as37something very special38，unless someone is very old:“Isnt she wonderful for her age！”and there are no special rules or signs of extra respect for elderly people.Anyway39，Americans always want to look younger than they really are,so do
31、nt expect an accurate40 reply！31 generally adv.大体上，一般地(in general)32 argument n争论33 lead to导致(to为介词)34 It is/wasadj.to do sth.做某事是的。it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语是真正的主语。35 compliment n称赞，夸奖36 graciously/greIsli/adv.优雅地37 be treated as被当作同义短语：be regarded/thought of/considered as38 修饰something，nothing等不定代词的形容词要放在
32、其后面。39 anywayanyhow不管怎样40 accurate adj.确切的，准确的第67段译文一般来说，我们不喜欢争论，并避开那些导致分歧的话题。回到讨论天气中很容易：“你喜欢美国吗？你觉得这儿的天气怎么样？”或者说些称赞的话：“多么可爱的花，多么漂亮的花瓶啊！”“你穿的那条连衣裙真漂亮。”你应该欣然接受赞美并说“谢谢！”,有两个敏感的话题：年龄和钱。年龄并没有被当作很特殊的话题，除非某人年事已高：“以她的年龄，难道她活得不精彩吗！”而且没有格外尊敬老人的特别规定或迹象。不管怎样，美国人总是想让自己看起来比他们的真实年龄年轻些，因此别指望他们给出确切的回答！Income is a v
33、ery private matter,and youd do well to41 avoid asking42 how much people earn,although some people may not only be open about it,but show off43their wealth 44.We dont ask how much things cost,either.But what we dont like45 is silence,and almost anything is better than the embarrassment46 of a quiet p
34、arty and silent guests.41 do well to do.最好做42 avoid doing.避免做43 show off炫耀44 although some people.是让步状语从句，其中含有not only.but(also).结构。45 what we dont like是主语从句。46 embarrassment n尴尬第89段译文收入是很私人的事情，你最好避免问别人挣多少钱，尽管有些人对此不仅不加隐瞒，反而还炫耀他们的财富。我们也不要问东西值多少钱。但是我们不喜欢沉默不语，几乎任何事情都比宴会冷清、宾客沉默所带来的尴尬要好。课文阅读理解Read the pa
35、ssage on pages(89)and choose the best answers.1Whats the reason for Esther to have the motto“Every time I open mymouth,I put my foot in it”?AShe was the most outspoken human being in the world.BShe was not a very good saleswoman.CShe had a complete absence of small talk.DShe had never learnt the bas
36、ic rules of small talk.答案：D2From the conversation between Esther and one of her customers inParagraphs 3 to 5,we can know that.AEsther was quite familiar with the customerBEsther was laughing at the customer for her old lookingCit was not impolite to ask ones ageDthe customer was pleased to talk wit
37、h Esther答案：B3What was the possible result after Esther comforted her acquaintance whowas going through a divorce?AHe was out of depression.BHe was cheered up by Esther.CHe became angry as well as depressed.DHe thanked Esther a lot for her help.答案：C4The sentence in the 15th paragraph“Youre writing a
38、book and Imreading one！”actually means“”AI am reading the book you are writing nowBIm reading a book similar to yoursCwhile you are writing books,Im reading booksDIm very interested in the book you are writing now答案：B5From the whole passage,we can see thatare NOT suitable small talktopics.Asome pers
39、onal matters like ones age,weight,marriage and so onBthings about ones hairstyle and appearanceCpersonal affairs like ones income,career and dating,etc.DAll of the above答案：D 基础知识自测.单词预习()核心单词1.n奖品，奖金2.n表格3.n恩惠，照顾4.v使整洁，整理5.n回答，回复，回信6.n公司prizeformfavourtidyreplyfirm7.n办事员，职员8.adj.尴尬的9.adv.无论如何，不管怎么说1
40、0.adj.纯粹的，真正的，真实的clerkawkwardanyhowgenuine()拓展单词1.n申请v申请，应用n申请人2.n缺乏，不存在adj.缺席的，不在的3.n打字员v打字n.类型adj.典型的4n道歉，致歉v道歉5.adj.小心的，谨慎的，慎重的n小心，谨慎6.n女主人n主人v.主持，主办7.v解释，给下定义n解释，定义adj.明确的，一定的applicationapplyapplicant absenceabsenttypisttypetypical apologyapologisecautiouscautionhostesshostdefinedefinitiondefini
41、te.短语研习1put onesin ones 犯令人难堪的错误，说错话2asconsequence 因此，结果3cheer sb.使某人高兴/振作起来4leave省去，删去，遗漏5(be)aware知道，意识到6.the lead 带头，领先7.off 炫耀footmouthaupoutoftakeshow.句型博习1Her motto was“，I put my foot in it.”她的座右铭是“每次我张口，就会讲错话。”2.she wasnt a very good saleswoman.她并不是一名优秀的女销售员也并非巧合。Every time I open my mouthIt
42、was no coincidence either that1application n申请，申请书；应用，运用教材原句So.you wrote in your application form that youre interested inmountains.所以你在申请表中写到你对山感兴趣。归纳拓展(1)application form 申请表(2)apply v申请，应用，运用apply to sb.for sth.向某人申请某物apply for 申请apply to 适用于apply.to.将应用到apply oneself to 专心致志于There were more than
43、 300 applications for the six jobs.有300多人申请了这6份工作。He decided to apply for the job.他决定申请那份工作。Helearning French.他曾经致力于学习法语。once applied himself to2apology n.道歉，致歉教材原句“Oh，sorry，”said Esther without any apology.“Just puttingon a little weight，huh？”“啊，真遗憾，”埃斯特毫无歉意地说。“只是略微发福，嗯哼？”归纳拓展(1)make/offer an apolo
44、gy to sb.for(doing)sth.为(做了)某事向某人道歉accept an apology 接受道歉owe sb.an apology 应向某人道歉(2)apologise v道歉apologise to sb.for(doing)sth.为(做了)某事向某人道歉He made an apology to the guests for being late.他因迟到向客人道歉。In my judgment，we should.依我看，我们应该接受他们的道歉。Henot being able to meet her.他因未能与她见面而向她道歉。accept their apolog
45、yapologized for3interrupt v打断，打扰；中止，阻碍教材原句Esther interrupted her，“Hey，so you married him！”埃斯特打断她的话说：“呵，原来你竟然和他结婚了。”归纳拓展(1)interrupt sb.to do sth.打断某人做某事interrupt sb.in sb.s talk 打断某人的话(2)interruption n中断，干扰without interruption 不间断地It is not polite to interrupt when others are talking.别人讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。Th
46、e game was interrupted several times by rain.比赛因下雨中断了几次。Dont(interrupt)her now；she will answer the questionslater.现在不要打断她的话，她稍后再回答问题。interrupt易混辨析 interrupt，disturb，botherinterrupt“中断，打断”，指的是打断某个活动的过程，使其不能继续进行下去disturb“干扰，扰乱”，侧重指扰乱某种状态并使秩序受到影响bother“打扰，麻烦”，为某事使某人操心，给某人带来不便。常与介词with，about连用The proble
47、m why I was interrupted in midsentence by him has beenbothering me for weeks.他为何打断我的话这个问题已经困扰了我几个星期。They took the phone off the hook so that no calls would disturb them.他们摘下电话听筒，以免电话打扰他们。巧学助记 图解助记disturb与interrupt4as a consequence因此，结果 教 材 原 句 In fact，she had never learnt the basic rules of socialco
48、mmunication，and as a consequence，she made systematic mistakes everytime she opened her mouth.实际上，她从来都没有认识到社交的基本规则，因此，每次说话都会犯经常性的错误。归纳拓展as a consequenceas a resultin consequenceconsequently 结果；因此as a consequence ofin consequence of as a result of 由于Mary was seriously ill.As a consequence,she was in h
49、ospital.玛丽病得很厉害，因此她住院了。smoking,myfather coughs frequently.因为吸烟的缘故，我父亲经常咳嗽。As a consequence，he got the first place in this grade exam.结果，他在本次年级考试中获得了第一名。As a consequence of/As a result of/In consequence of5leave out省略；略去；遗漏教材原句Notice how certain words are left out in informal conversation.注意在非正式谈话中某些
50、词是如何省略的。归纳拓展leave sb./sth.alone 让某人(物)独自留在那里；不打扰leave aside 搁置一边leave for 动身去leave off 停止leave over 留下；剩下He left out three words when reciting the poem.当他背这首诗时漏了三个单词。We left out the possibility of his coming to the party.我们没有考虑他来参加聚会的可能性。He never took others advice;so.他从来不听从别人的建议，别理他。leave him alone
51、 教 材 原 句 In fact，she had never learnt the basic rules of socialcommunication，and as a consequence，she made systematic mistakes everytime she opened her mouth.实际上，她从来都没有认识到社交的基本规则，因此，每次说话都会犯经常性的错误。本句中every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句。归纳拓展引导时间状语从句的名词性词组：(1)the first time，the last time，every time，each time，the d
52、ay，themoment等名词短语可以用作连词引导时间状语从句。(2)immediately，instantly，directly等词也可以用作连词连接两个句子，表示两个紧接着发生的动作，相当于as soon as。I get a different answer every time I add these figures up.每次我把这些数字加起来，就会得到一个不同的答案。Every time I see the picture，I always think of the days we spent together.每当我看到这幅画，我总想起我们一起度过的日子。I came direc
53、tly I got your message.一接到你的消息我就来了。I went to Beijing，he was studying in Beijing University.上一次我到北京，他正在北京大学学习。I shopped online，I was very curious.第一次在网上购物时，我很好奇。The last timeThe first time.选词填空leave out，cheer sb.up，make an apology to sb.，as a consequence，put onesfoot in ones mouth1Every time he went
54、to his managers office，he always.2She always showed off her beauty.，all her friendsdeserted her.put his foot in his mouthAs a consequence3The teacher stressed again that the students should not any important details while writing the composition.4Sometimes a small gift could her.5The student the tea
55、cher for his rudeness.leave outcheerupmade an apology to.单句语法填空1He seemed to have done these thingspurpose.2My son was trying to showhis talent by decorating the kitchen wallwith his color pencils.3Its necessary for you to apologiseyour deskmate for what you said thismorning.4She tried to explain，bu
56、t the chairman(interrupt)her inmidsentence.on off tointerrupted5Under no(circumstance)will I give up my dream.6We had over 100(reply)to our advertisement.7The majority voted in favorthe plan to build a playground in the school.8She was absentschool with a cold.9 His excellent performances at the Lon
57、don Olympic Games cheeredeveryone.10Each time he came here，he(visit)his aunt.circumstancesrepliesoffromupwould visit.完成句子1I sent you the news.我一听到这消息，就立刻通知你了。2The woman will think of her own child.每次看到这些小孩，那位妇女总会想起自己的孩子。3Hethe important meeting because of his illness.由于生病了，他没有出席这次重要的会议。the instant/the moment I heard itevery time she sees these little childrenwas absent from
