1、.社会交往一、问候1.基本用语:1)见面问候：Good morning.Hello/Hi.2)代向某人问候：Best wishes/regards to sb.give ones regards to sb.give ones best regards to sb.3)替某人向问好：say“Hi/Hello”to sb.from sb.give ones regards to sb.Please remember me to.回答：I will.Thanks.4)How do you do?(初次见面)How do you do?How are you?(比较熟悉的人)Fine,thank y
2、ou.And you?/Very well,thank you.How are you getting along with.?Everything is fine!How are you doing?Im just great!How is everything?Very well,thank you!How is your vacation/holiday/weekend?Not bad!Whats up?Couldnt be better,thank you!Whats going on?Just so-so.2.注意要点：1)“How are you?”用于询问对方的身体情况，可根据实
3、际情况回答，如：Fine/Very well,thank you.(very)good不能用来表示身体健康。假如身体确实不太舒服并想让对方知道，不妨说“Not too well,Im afraid.”2)对于不认识的人，想要他(或她)停下的说法：Hey,Sir/Madam！或Just a moment,Sir/Madam.3)与英美人见面寒暄时，不应问及他(或她)的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。二、介绍1.基本用语:1)This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/.May I introduce you to.?Id like you to meet.2)How do you do?Nic
4、e/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you.Nice meeting you.3)My name is.Im a.(student/teacher，etc.)May I know your name?2注意要点:1)“Nice to meet you.”与“Nice to see you.”有一点区别：前者是初次见面被人介绍相识后的寒暄用语(认识你很高兴)；后者与前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人之间一段时间未见面后再次相遇。两者回答用语与问候语相同。2)“Nice to meet you.”表示初次见面时的问候，而“Nice meeting you.”则是初次见面告别时的用语。
5、三、告别1基本用语:1)直接的告别语有：Goodbye/Byebye/Bye！See you(tomorrow)！See you later!Farewell!Good night.2)委婉的告别语有：Id like to say goodbye to everyone.Im calling to say goodbye.Im afraid I must be leaving/off now.I think its time for us to leave now.3)其他带有祝愿以及叮嘱等意义的告别语：Ill look forward to seeing you soon.Lets hope
6、 well meet again.Hope to see you again.Drop in anytime you like.2注意要点:告别前通常要说一两句客套话，如：Im afraid I must be off/going now.长久告别时，还可同时表达希望今后多联系(Keep/Get in touch.)、要对方保重身体(Take care.)、问候对方家人(Please send my best regards to your family.)等。四、感谢基本用语:1)感谢用语：Thank you very muchThanks a lot.Many thanks.Thanks
7、for.Its very kind of you to.I appreciate your help.Thank you all the same.Its most thoughtful of you.I dont know how to express my thanks.2)答语：Not at all.Thats all right/OK.Youre welcome.Its really nothing.Dont mention it.五、道歉1.基本用语:1)道歉用语：Im sorry.Im sorry for/about.Im sorry to do.Im sorry to have
8、done.Excuse/Pardon me(for.)Please forgive me for.sb.be afraid that.What a pity/shame!Its a pity that.2)答语：It is not important.Its quite all right.Never mind.It doesnt matter(at all).Not at all.Its nothing.Thats nothing.Please dont worry.Its nothing to worry about.Dont mention it.Thats okay.Dont let
9、it bother you.2注意要点:1)“Excuse me”常用于下列情形：需要打断别人谈话或工作时；有求于他人时；因故需要暂时离开时；就某事表示不同意见时；自己的言行将会影响他人时。(即：在说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用以引起别人注意)打扰别人为“劳驾”；请求别人让路、向别人问路、打听消息意为“对不起，请问”。回答时说：Yes?2)“Sorry.”说话人做了错事或无意中与别人发生冲撞时于事后向他人表示歉意；可表示因不能满足他人要求而表示歉意。3)“I beg your pardon?”表示听话人未能听清楚他人所说的话，希望说话人重复所说的话时的礼貌用法，“麻烦再说一遍”。4)“Im
10、sorry to hear it/that.”则是对说话者本人或近亲属已经发生的不幸表示遗憾。六、邀请1基本用语:1)Would you come to.?Would you like to.?Id like to invite you to.2)Yes,Id love/be glad/happy to(.)Ill be glad to.Of course.Yes,its very kind/nice of you.Yes,great.Sure.Yes,with pleasure.3)Id love to,but.Im sorry,but I cant.2.注意要点:1)接受他人邀请时通常还要
11、表示一下感谢：Yes,Id love to.Yes,its very kind/nice of you.Yes,with pleasure.2)如果是稍有保留地接受，可这样说：I will if I can.Its very kind of you to invite me,but Im not sure if I can come.3)拒绝他人的邀请一般不直接说No，而要婉言谢绝(通常会说明理由)，并要声明自己是愿意接受“邀请”的，但因某种原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感谢。常用：Id like to,but Im too busy.I really enjoy it,but Ive got t
12、o go now.I wish I could accept your invitation,but Im afraid I dont have time to go.Thank you for your kindness,but Ive got an appointment at that time.七、祝愿和祝贺基本用语：1)Best wishes to you!I wish you good health.Good luck!Good luck with.Wish you success！May you success/succeed!2)Merry Christmas！3)Congra
13、tulations(on.)！Well done!4)Enjoy your vacation！Enjoy your stay in China.八、提供帮助基本用语：1)提供帮助：Can/Could/Shall I help you?What can I do for you?Is there anything(else)I can do for you?Would you like to.?Can you do me a favor?2)接受帮助：That would be nice/fine.Thats very kind of you.Thank you for your help.Ye
14、s,please.Here,take this/my.九、打电话1.基本用语:Hello！May I speak to.?Hello！Is.in?May/Could I speak to.?Is that.(speaking)?Hold on,please.Hello,who is it/that?He/She isnt here right now.Can I take a message for you?This is.speaking.2.注意要点:代接电话的人叫某人接电话时，先对打电话的人说：Hold on,please.Just a minute,please.然后叫人接电话：You
15、 are wanted on the phone.Theres a call for you.十、就餐基本用语:What would you like(to have).?Would you like something(to eat/drink)?Help yourself to some.Let me give you.Make yourself at home.Id like.A cake/Two eggs,please.Yes,please.Just a little,please.Ive had enough.Im full,thank you.No,thanks.Can I hav
16、e the bill,please?Its my treat this time.Ill pay.Lets go Dutch this time.Waiter!The bill,please.十一、就医听到自己的亲人、朋友或熟人等谈到有关身体健康的问题时，如“I think I have a bad cold.”如果是朋友，回答“Im sorry to hear that.”或“Youd better see a doctor.”如果是说给医生听，医生需用“Take it easy.”来回答。1)医生询问病人的用语：Whats the matter with you？Whats wrong w
17、ith you?2)病人应答语：Theres something wrong with my back.I have a headache/My head aches.I have got a cough.I have got a pain here.It hurts here and there.I dont feel well today.3)医生诊断、提建议及安慰用语：Let me take your temperature.Its nothing serious.You had better ask for a leave and havea rest for a few days.D
18、rink more water and have a good rest.Take these pills 3 times a day.十二、提醒注意Dont forget your raincoat.Remember to lock the door.Make sure that all the windows are closed.No Smoking!No Spitting!Look out!Be careful!Wet floor!Dont touch!Its dangerous!Keep off!Wet paint!十三、建议与劝告以建议或者劝告的形式要某人做一件事，不同于直接命令，
19、因为说话人只是提出建议，而把做与不做的决定权留给听话人。对于他人提出的建议和忠告，若认为可以接受，要表示赞赏或感谢。在拒绝对方的建议时，一般要给出理由。基本用语：1)I advise you(not)to.Youd better(not).I suggest that you(should).Why not.?Why dont you do.?How/What about doing.?Shall we.?Lets.2)Yes,I suppose so.Yes,but dont you think.?Thats great.Thats a good idea.Why not?3)Thats i
20、mpossible,but thank you all the same.Its not our fault.Im afraid I cant do that.Im afraid I cant follow your advice.情感一、高兴Im glad/pleased/happy to.Thats nice/wonderful/great.How wonderful/nice!二、惊奇Really?/Is that so?Oh dear！/My God！Good heavens!/Thank Goodness！I can hardly believe my ears/eyes.三、忧虑W
21、hats wrong？Whats the matter(with you)?Is there anything wrong?Oh,what shall I do?We were all anxious about.四、满意Good！Well done！Perfect!Thats fine.Thats better.Thats good enough.Im pleased with五、遗憾Im so sorry！Its a great pity！What a shame!Thats too bad!I wish I had never given it up.If I had been ther
22、e,he would not have made such a serious mistake.六、同情Im so sorry!Im so sorry about your illness.Im sorry to hear you are going away.Please accept my deep sympathy.态度一、同意与不同意当对方提出某种观点、意见或请求时，要表示恰当而具体的态度。要有明确答复。1.同意：Certainly/Sure/Of course.All right.Yes,I think so.Thats true.Good!Excellent!What a good
23、 idea!It couldnt be better.Thats a good idea.Its a good idea that.I agree(with you).Thats the right thing to do.2.不同意：No,I dont think so.Im afraid not.Im afraid I(really)cant agree with you.Its not very nice.I dont think that is a good idea.Personally,I feel that its unwise.What a terrible idea！No w
24、ay！二、肯定与不肯定对某件事情的真实性是否肯定、是否有把握，在英语中常用sure，certain，doubt等词或may，might，must等情态动词表达。may，might具有试探性，must表示一种逻辑推断的必然。此外，为了增强客气的口吻，表示不肯定时可以伴随一些表示遗憾、担忧或歉意的表达方式。三、可能与不可能He may.It is possible that.It is likely that.He is not likely to do/that.It looks as if/though it might rain later.It appears to me that wel
25、l have to go on foot.I doubt that.Thats/Its quite impossible.Its very unlikely.Thats hardly possible.Thatll never happen.四、偏爱与爱好Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?I prefer tea to coffee.prefer to do rather than doprefer doing to doingId like to go by train.My favorite subject is physics.Id rather dri
26、nk coffee than tea.五、意愿与打算当希望别人做某事或者不愿意让别人做某事，或者表达自己的一种希望、愿望时需要恰当用词，这样才能准确地传达自己的意图。Im going to.I will.I would like to.I feel like.I(do not)wish/want/hope to.I wish that.I intend/mean/plan to.Im ready to.I would rather not tell you.I would do it if I should have the chance.If only I could see him.六、征
27、求或表达意见在表明自己对事物的判断时，好坏要明确，是非要分明。尤其在对方干得比较出色时，要多加鼓励。如Well done！Good job！Quite perfect！等。如果要陈述自己的某些观点时，英语中一般要使用一些较委婉的短语，如：in my opinion,as I see it,so far as I know,personally speaking等。交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。以应答为主，提问为辅；以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象。1.考查习惯应答语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物、感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求等常见的交际话题均有
28、其较为固定的套语。用英美人的思维方式，遵循习惯进行回答。常见回答用语主要有以下几个方面：1)常用于接受或拒绝请求、邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure./Yes,help yourself./No problem./Good idea./Sorry,but/Id rather you/Thank you,but/No way./Forget it.等。2)常用于感谢的应答用语有：Thats all right./You are welcome./Dont mention it./It is my pleasure(My pleasure)./Not at all.等。3)常用于道歉的应
29、答用语有：Never mind./It doesnt matter./Not at all./Thats all right./That is nothing.等。4)常用于祝愿和祝贺的应答用语有：Good luck!/Best wishes to you!/Have a nice time!/Congratulations!/Merry Christmas!/Thank you./The same to you.等。2.考查文化差异语。汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。避免母语交际定式的干扰，根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答是掌握文化差异的关
30、键。3.考查语言结构语。根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，I think(suppose,believe)so./Yes,Im afraid so.对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度时，则说：No，I dont think(suppose)so./No,I dont believe so./No,I believe(suppose)not./No,I hope not./No,I am afraid not.1.Reading is the best way to pass time on the t
31、rain._.I never go travelling without a book.A.You are jokingB.Thats trueC.I dont think so D.It sounds like funB2.Im sorry for breaking the cup.Oh,_Ive got plenty.A.forget it B.my pleasureC.help yourself D.pardon me 3._！Somebody has left the lab door open.Dont look at me.ADear me BHi,thereCThank good
32、ness DCome onA A 4.Is Anne coming tomorrow?_If she were to come,she would have called me.AGo ahead BCertainly CThats right DI dont think so 5.How about dinner tonight?Its on me._A.You are welcome B.Oh,Id like toC.Well,Im afraid so D.Thats all rightD B 6.I am going to Spain for a holiday soon._.A.Its
33、 my pleasure B.Never mindC.Leave it alone D.Good for you7.Could I use this dictionary?_.Its a spare one.A.Good idea B.Just go aheadC.Youre welcome D.Youd better not D B 1.Im sorry,Sir.I got stuck in the heavy snow on the way to work this morning._ you were so late.It is none of your business.A.Go ah
34、ead B.Forget itC.No wonderD.No way解析：go ahead“继续”;forget it“没关系;算了”;no wonder“难怪”;no way“没门”。2.You know what?I am going to Shanghai on a free trip this weekend._.A.Good for you!B.It is none of my business.C.You must have been cheated.D.So what?解析：Good for you!你真行!It is none of my business这不关我的事;You
35、must have been cheated你肯定被骗了;So what?那又怎样?3.My father is in hospital again._.I hope hell recover soon.A.Its OK B.Sorry to hear thatC.All rightD.Dont mention it解析：Sorry to hear that听到那件事我很难过;Its OK/All right好的;Dont mention it别客气。4.Will you complete the task in time?Sure,I will._.A.Everything is possi
36、bleB.But its too hardC.No matter what will happenD.Though its a piece of cake解析：此处答语部分相当于Sure,I will complete the task in time,no matter what will happen。No matter what will happen是一个让步状语从句。5.It took me twenty years to build up my business,and it almost killed me.Well,you know what they say._.A.Ther
37、e is no smoke without fireB.Practice makes perfectC.All roads lead to RomeD.No pains,no gains解析：“花了我二十年时间成就事业,费了不少劲”可知,另一方则表达了观点“不劳无获(No pains,no gains)”。6.Do you enjoy the seafood here?_,but Ive got used to it anyway.A.Cant like it better B.Not reallyC.Not bad actuallyD.Im really sorry7.Its been ra
38、ining for a whole week.I think itll get fine soon._.We are getting into the rainy season now.A.Yes,it will B.Of course notC.Its possible D.Its hard to say解析：一方认为“天很快会转晴”,另一方则表示一种“不肯定”的看法:很难说。8.Do you mind if I open the door?_.I feel a bit cold.A.Of course notB.Id rather you didntC.Go aheadD.Please c
39、lose it解析：考查回答Do you mind if.的用语。根据I feel a bit cold可知,此处表示“我宁愿你别开”。故选B。9.It was announced that another student in our school had won the first prize for China High School Chemistry Olympiad.Oh,really?_ He must have put a lot of work into it.A.That sounds fine.B.Thats quite something.C.Thats a good point.D.Get a move on.解析：Thats quite something.表示对上面所说情况的赞扬和肯定,“真了不起”。10.Im not good at table tennis,you know._.Were playing for fun.Just try and youll see you can do it.A.Well,it depends.B.Take your time.C.Come on!D.Thats OK.解析：A“好的,看情况而定”;B“别着急”;C“(用于鼓励他人)来吧”;D“好的”。
