1、一、及物动词与不及物动词常见的跟单宾语的及物动词主要有：accept,admire,admit,affect,afford,discover,educate,enjoy,explain,forget,guess,invent,love,post,raise等。常见的跟双宾语的及物动词主要有：1.直、间接宾语易位需加to的动词：bring,give,hand,pass,post,promise,read,return,show,teach,tell,lend等。2.直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词：buy,choose,cook,draw,find,fetch,make,order,paint,
2、purchase,save,spare等。3.既可加to，也可加for的动词：do,get,play,sing等。常见的不及物动词主要有：ache,agree,apologize,appear,arrive,come,go,cry,dance,die,disappear,dream,exist,fall,flow,graduate,sit,stand,stay,wait,rise,lie,happen等。二、延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词可用于完成时，与以下几种时间状语连用：for+一段时间，since+时间点，since+一段时间+ago，since+从句（一般过去时）等。常见的这类动词有
3、：have,possess,keep,know,learn,live,read,sleep,wait,work,look,hear,smell等。终止性动词不可用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其否定形式多与until/till连用，构成“not+终止性动词+until/till.”的句型，意为“直到才”。如：I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.三、常见的短语动词有以下五种：1.动词+介词“动词+介词”构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，后面跟宾语。在被动语态中，整个短语不可分开。这类短语动词常用
4、的有：agree with,burst into,call on,consist of,deal with,depend/rely on,die of/from,dream of,feel like,get into,hear from,insist on,look/stare/glare at,prepare for,result in,set about等。2.动词+副词1）及物动词+副词。这类短语动词常用的有：cut off,take down,put out,take over,turn down,turn over,throw away,figure out等。2）不及物动词+副词。
5、后面不跟宾语，没有被动语态。这类短语动词常用的有：die away,give in,go ahead,hold on,run away,stand out等。3.动词+名词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：catch sight of,compare notes with,declare war on/upon,get rid of,have a word with,make fun of,make use of,make preparations for,pay attention to,take care of,take hold of,take advantage of,take charg
6、e of等。4.动词+副词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：catch up with,come up with,date back to,put up with,go in for,run out of等。5.be+形容词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：be accustomed/used to,be afraid of,be devoted to,be fond of,be familiar with,be famous for,be fit/suitable for等。动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是难点，每年均为重点。历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语来
7、测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括：1.动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。1.The watch was very good,and he _ 20 percent down for it.A.paidB.cost C.boughtD.spent 2.Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan.A.remember B.remindC.recover D.recall A D2.动词短语辨析。
8、主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析、不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词副词介词”短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：get,turn,make,put,go,give,break,cut,come,look,keep,bring,show,pick,hold,fall,carry,pull,catch,call,take等。除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短语)的新义和引申义，如：polish抛光，磨光(本意)修正，文饰(引申);sniff嗅，闻(本意)鄙视地说(引申);break down发生故障，失灵，失效(本意)坍塌，
9、崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止(引申)；look into向里面看(本意)调查，研究(引申)，同时还有“浏览”之意；work out基本意思为“解决，算出，制订出”，还有“锻炼”的意思。Ralph W.Emerson would always _ new ideas that occurred to him.A.set off B.set aboutC.set upD.set downD3.考查无关联的动词辨析做这类试题时，考生应充分理解题干，然后结合各选项的词义，看哪个选项符合题意。It is widely acknowledged that students should be _ in term
10、s of overall quality.A.supported B.matchedC.evaluatedD.controlledC 4.考查动词搭配这类试题主要考查常见动词的固定搭配。My parents always _ great importance to my getting a good education.A.haveB.attachC.acceptD.payB 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies.A.chased B.registered
11、C.offered D.compensatedA2.Dad,I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.I see.Ill go right away and _.A.pay him back B.pay him offC.put him away D.put him off3.The two countries are going to meet to _ some barriers to trade between them.A.make upB.use upC.turn downD.break downBD4.As a
12、 grassroots singer,she reads everything she can _ concerning music,and takes every opportunity to improve herself.A.catch sight of B.get hold ofC.take charge ofD.make mention of B5.Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head,but I tried to _ the pain,believing that it would go away sooner or later.A.
13、shareB.realizeC.ignoreD.cause C6.No matter how carefully you plan your finances,no one can _ when the unexpected will happen.A.prove B.implyC.demandD.predict7.How could you _ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?A.turn off B.turn inC.turn downD.turn toDC8.Terry,please _ you
14、r cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.A.look up from B.look intoC.look back onD.look through9.Shakespeares writing is still popular today.It has really _ the test of time.A.failed B.stoodC.taken D.conductedAB10.Seeing the big crowd coming towards him,he started to run down the hill,but _ and w
15、ent down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.A.slipped B.skiedC.signalledD.sankA热点考向 1 动词词义辨析1.主要考点:考查常见动词词义辨析。强调语言的情境化,把动词放在语境中进行考查。2.突破技巧:这类试题的选项往往结构相同,词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题,必须从各个动词的语意差别、用法特点等方面入手,然后结合题意选用合适的动词。热点考向 2 高频动词短语意义辨析主要考点:考查主要集中于高频的动词短语,如break,bring,call,come,get,go,make,take,turn,put,
16、pick,hold,keep,look,carry,set,cut,show,pull等构成的短语。需要特别关注:1.breakbreak away from 放弃,打破;脱离关系break down 发生故障;(计划等)失败;(精神、身体)垮掉;分解break in闯入,插嘴break into闯入break out (战争、瘟疫等)爆发,突然发生break up 打碎,分手,分开,关系破裂2.bringbring about导致,造成,引起bring down使倒下,使降低bring in引进;带来;赚得;收获bring forward提出;提前bring out出版;生产;使显现brin
17、g up抚养,教育;提出;呕吐3.callcall for要求;需要;去取或去接call back回电话;回忆起call in召集;请;召来;顺便来访call up打电话给;召集;使想起call off取消call on号召,拜访ecome about发生come to苏醒;总计come across偶遇;无意中发现come true 实现,成为现实(不及物)come out出版;结果是come up(建议、计划等)被提出come up with提出(建议、计划等)come on(催促)快点;(鼓励)加油;(不耐烦)得了,算了吧!5.getget across 解释清楚;使被理解get awa
18、y from避免;摆脱,逃离get away with侥幸成功;侥幸做成get around 四处走动;传播开来get down to开始认真做某事get along/on with进展;与相处get over克服;恢复get rid of 摆脱;除去get through 通过;完成;接通电话6.givegive away赠送;泄露;分发give back归还give in屈服;让步;投降;认输give out 分发;发出;公布;用尽give up放弃7.gogo against违背;不利于;反对go ahead开始(做某事);(表同意)go around参观;(消息)传播go by过去;经
19、过go down下降;下沉go on继续;发生;进行go over复习,仔细检查go through 穿过;经历;仔细检查go with与相配go without没有也行8.holdhold back犹豫;隐瞒;阻止hold on=hang on 别挂断;等一会儿;坚持hold out坚持;伸出hold up 举起;阻挡,使耽搁hold on to 紧紧抓住;保留;不放弃9.keepkeep away from远离;避开keep back 留下;隐瞒;克制(感情)keep on 继续;坚持下去keep out of 置身于外;避开keep up 保持;继续;不低落keep up with跟上;
20、keep an eye out for 密切注意;留心;警惕keep an eye on 照看;密切注视10.leaveleave alone不打扰;不理,不管leave behind留下;丢下,丢弃leave out遗漏,忽略11.looklook around环顾四周look away from把目光从移开look into调查;窥视look back on/upon回忆，回顾look up查找,查询;向上看look up to尊敬;敬仰look down upon歧视,看不起look forward to盼望;期待look through浏览;快速查看look out(for)当心,留意
21、,小心look on旁观12.makemake use of利用make up组成;编造;化妆;和解make up for补偿;弥补make for 走向;有助于;促成,导致make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通make sense of 理解;弄明白make out理解;分辨出,辨认出make it成功13.putput aside 撇开;暂不考虑;储蓄put away收拾,整理;储存put back 把放回原处;推迟put forward提出;拨快put down记下,写下,镇压put out 伸出;扑灭;生产;出版put up 建造,张贴;提供住宿put up with忍受;容忍p
22、ut on 穿上,增加,上演14.setset aside 划出;留出;拨出set about doing sth.着手做某事set out 出发,动身set out to do sth.着手做某事set off 动身;引起;使爆炸set up 建立,创立15.turnturn away 走开;转过脸去turn down拒绝;关小,调低turn up开大;出现,到场turn out结果是,证明是;生产turn over 翻转;翻阅,仔细考虑turn against反对;背叛turn to 转向;求助于16.taketake after 长得像某人take apart拆开;拆卸take back
23、收回,撤销take down记下;拆卸;取下take away带走,拿走,剥夺take up从事;占据(时间、空间);着手处理;接着做take in 吸收;接受;理解,欺骗take off起飞;脱下;成功,take on呈现;具有;承担;雇用take over接管,接收take advantage of利用take it easy放松,别紧张take your time慢慢来,别着急take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事take action采取行动热点考向 3 常见的系动词的用法1.表示变化类的系动词，如become,go,turn,grow,get,fall,mak
24、e等。2.表示感觉类的系动词，如feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。3.表示状态类的系动词，如keep,remain,stand,stay,lie等。4.表示“像”类系动词，主要有seem,appear,look,表示“看起来，似乎，显得”。5.此类系动词的特点：只适用于主动语态；只用于一般时态(一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于进行时态)。热点考向 4 动词的一词多义用法很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义，因此要进行专门复习，常见的有：1.act(v.&n.行动)e.g.It will take several hours before the drug really a
25、cts.(vi.起作用)2.address(n.地址；vt.写地址)e.g.President Obama was scheduled to address the American people on the evening of May 7.(vt.向做演说)3.appreciate(vt.欣赏，感激，感谢)e.g.They soon appreciated that it must be a well-designed trap.(v.意识到)4.attend(vt.参加，出席)e.g.With several patients to attend that night,the nurs
26、e felt very tired.(vt.照料，照顾)With three kids attending high school in the town,the couple had to work day and night to earn more money.(vt.上学)5.count(n.&v.计数，数)e.g.It is not what you are thinking but what you are doing that counts.(v.重要，有价值)6.escape(vi.逃跑，逃脱)e.g.I saw a familiar face in the crowd.How
27、ever,his name escaped me for the moment.(vt.被忘掉)The harmful gases are escaping from the pipe.(vi.泄漏，漏出)7.fail(vi.失败)e.g.Fresh vegetables used to fail in winter.(vi.不足，缺乏)With time passing by,his memory isfailing.(vi.衰退)Try as the family might,they failed to find the lost child in the town.(vi.未能)8.i
28、ntroduce(vt.介绍)e.g.When tomatoes were first introduced into Europe,they didnt accept them at all.(vt.引入)9.make(vt.制造)e.g.New laws have been made toprotect the interests of the farmers.(vt.制定)He is making his own trouble by doing this.(vt.引起，导致，造成)She will make a great teacher.(vt.成为，使形成)10.observe(v
29、t.观察)e.g.Having lived abroad for many years,he still observed the old traditions and customs.(vt.遵守)Every year,we will observe the traditional Spring Festival in different ways.(vt.庆祝)11.work(v.&n.工作)e.g.The medicine will soon work.(vi.起作用)The machine works very well.(vi.运转)选用括号内合适的动词填空。1.Joan wante
30、d to tell Tom that she couldnt accept such an expensive gift,but she didnt know how to _(make/put)it.2.The beautiful clouds maybe _(promise/record)a fine day tomorrow.put promise3.There are less than 600 words in your composition,which is far from our requirement.So please _(express/expand)it.4.It i
31、s said that a plan is being made that will _(cost/charge)users for downloading music from the Internet,but the price will be very low.5.Dont worry,just _(leave/pass)the parcel to me.Ill make sure it gets posted.expandchargeleave 选用合适的短语动词并用其正确形式填空。bring up,settle down,take up,draw up,agree on1.Mary,
32、as well as Jim,will be very busy at that time.Wed better _ another time for the activity.2.The boss asked every employee to _ a plan for the further development of their company.agree ondraw up3.The latest model of the washing machine is very popular with women because it is lighter and _ less space as well.4.I sorted out my mail,then _ to some serious work.5.At the conference,the reporter _ a serious matter which was worth thinking about.bring up,settle down,take up,draw up,agree ontakes upsettled downbrought up
