1、Unit4 Body LanguageGrammar本课件主要介绍动词-ing形式作定语和状语，做练习启发学生思考，通过示例引导学生总结出动词-ing形式在什么情况下作状语或定语。举例说明如果动词-ing形式出现在名词前后，并修饰该名词，一般作定语，该定语可变为介词短语或定语从句。举例说明如果动词-ing形式用于修饰某动词或整个句子时作状语，可变换为状语从句。作状语时对谓语起修饰和陪衬作用，表示时间，原因，条件，让步，结果，方式或伴随情况。最后让学生做练习，题型涉及造句，填空，改错和单选，让学生当堂完成，及时巩固。Grammar一:V-ing 形式由“doing”构成,其否定形式是“not d
2、oing”,V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。V-ing 形式 语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)being done(not)having done(not)having been doneV-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。1.作定语V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语,这时有两种情况。1)-ing形式表示“供作.之用”的意思,这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。A swimming pool=a pool for swimmingA sleeping car=a car
3、 for sleeping2)-ing形式表示“.的”意思,过去叫现在分词A sleeping child working people the rising sun-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句。如:They are visitors coming from several countries.The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.2.作状语可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,行为方式或伴随动作等。Using your head,youll find a good way.条件1)Four people
4、 entered the room looking around in a curious way.=Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way.(伴随动作)2)Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.(原因)3)Working hard,youll surely succeed.条件4)The boy sat in front of the farm-house,cutting the branch.伴随5)He came running back to tell me the
5、 news.方式6)(When)Hearing the news,he got frightened.=When he heard the news,he got frightened.(时间,可以在分词前保留when)7)The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.结果Attention Please-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Time permitting,I will pay a visit to the whole city.(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不
6、构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)the British ladythe Columbianthe Japanesethe CanadianYou see her step back appearing surprised.His nose touches Mr.Cooks moving hand.You see her step back appearing surprised.=You see her step back and she appears surprised.They also express their feelings using un
7、spoken language.=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language.His nose touched Mr.Cooks movinghand.=His nose touched Mr.Cooks hand which is moving.=They are visitors who comefrom several countries.They are visitors coming from several countries.=This is an experience which
8、is exciting.This is an exciting experience.1.When he approached Ms Smith,he touched her shoulder and kissed her._ _ Ms Smith,he touched her shoulder and kissed her.Rewrite the following sentences.When approaching2.The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.The person _ _ _can
9、speak seven languages.translatingthe songs3.The boy standing there is reading a book about body language.The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.who is standing4.Because he comes from Jordan,he moves close to ask you a question._ _ Jordan,he moves close to ask you a question.Coming
10、 from5.She sat at the desk and did her homework.She sat at the desk _ _ _.doingherhomeworkUsing structureshold in arms,cry,appear sadThe woman holds her son in arms,crying and appearing very sad.The woman cries loudly,holding her son in arms.box,hit on the face,move,stepsThe two boxing men try to hi
11、t the other on the face,moving their steps carefully.ski,laugh,excitingMickey and Mimi are skiing down the hill,laughing all the way.What an exciting scene it is!dance,sing,raise arms up,amazing musicMickey and Mimi are dancing to amazing music,singing and raising their arms.Koala Bear,carry,climb,s
12、earch for foodCarrying her little baby on the back,the mother Koala Bear climbs up the trees,searching for food.1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.2.The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.4.Generally
13、speak,facial expressions are helpful communications,too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错5.“Cant you read?”the man said,angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6.Knocking at the door before entering,please.7.European football is played in 80 countries,made it the most popular sport in the world.
14、pointingKnockmaking1.The stranger said something in a _ voice and the little girl was very much _A.frightening,frightened B.frightened,frighteningC.frightening,frightening D.frightened,frightenedChoose the best answer.2._the piano,someone suddenly knocked at the door.A.PlayingB.When I was playingC.R
15、epairingD.Examining3.Mother caught the boy _ in the corner.A.smoke B.to smokeC.being smoked D.smoking4._ the programme,they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.A.Not completingB.Not completedC.Not having completedD.Having not completed5.“We cant go out in this weather”,said Bob,_ out of the windo
16、w.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked6.Though _ money,his parents managed to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 7.The bell _ the end of the period rang,_ our heated discussion.A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interruptingC.indicating;interrupted D.indica
17、ted;interrupted 8._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered9.He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting10.Suddenly,a tall man driving a gold
18、en carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing11._in the queue of half an hour.Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait B.Have waitedC.Having waited D.To have waited12.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.Having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung13.Generally speaking,_ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken
