1、高考资源网提供高考试题、高考模拟题，发布高考信息题本站投稿专用信箱：ks5u，来信请注明投稿，一经采纳，待遇从优2008年新课标人教版高三英语第二轮复习专题讲座七：阅读理解不同体裁文章的阅读方法不同体裁的文章，作者的写作手法不同，表达的方式千差万别。体裁不同，要求使用的阅读方法也不一样。因此，掌握不同体裁的文章的阅读方法有助于我们提高阅读效率、加深对文章的理解。下面分别谈谈记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文的阅读方法和技巧。第一节 记叙文的阅读方法 记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文
2、学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Ws and 1H”。这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就能理解整个故事。特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现
3、的先后位置。另外，讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等等。我们在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。概括起来一句话：读记叙文的关键是抓情节。 抓住了故事情节，就理解了文章的脉络，其他的就迎刃而解了。下面请阅读一篇记叙文，看看你能不能抓住故事的主要情节。（05浙江卷 A 篇）Compassion is a desire within us to help othersWith effort, we can translate compassion into actionAn experie
4、nce last weekend showed me this is trueI work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderlyThese old people are our main customers, and its not hard to lose patience over their slownessBut last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lessonThis untidy man walke
5、d up to my register(收款机) with a box of biscuitsHe said he was out of cash(现金), had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboardsHe asked if we could let him have the food on trustHe promised to repay me the next day I couldnt help staring at himI wondered what kind of person he had been
6、 ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his wayI had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the worldI told him that I was sorry, but store rules didnt allow me to do soI felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my joB Just then, another
7、man, standing behind the first, spoke upIf anything, he looked more pitiable“Charge it to me,” was all he saiD What I had been feeling was pityPity is soft and safe and easyCompassion, on the other hand, is caring in actionI thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed eitherThen I reach
8、ed into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myselfI reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.解析：故事采用顺叙的叙事方法，主要情节发展如下：One aged gentleman begged me to have the food on trust and promised to repay the next day.- I told him the store rules didnt all
9、ow me to do so.- Another man wanted me to charge the food to him.-I paid for the biscuits myself. 作者用第一人称讲述自己亲身经历的这段故事，让人觉得亲切可信，同时也增强了文章的感染力。作者说自己通过这段故事学会了compassion（同情），事实上也是在号召读者多伸出同情之手，共建和谐社会。 抓住了故事的情节，了解了作者的写作意图。再来做理解题，就容易多了。请看看下面几道理解题：41The aged gentleman who wanted to buy the biscuits _.Apromi
10、sed to obey the store rulesBforgot to take any money with himChoped to have the food first and pay laterDcould not afford anything more expensive42Which of the following best describes the old gentleman? Akind and luckyBpoor and lonelyCfriendly and helpfulDhurt and disappointed43The writer acted upo
11、n the store rules because _.Ahe wanted to keep his present jobBhe felt no pity for the old gentlemanChe considered the old man dishonestDhe expected someone else to pay for the old man44What does the writer learn from his experience? AWealth is more important than anything else.BHelping others is ea
12、sier said than done. CExperience is better gained through practice. DObeying the rules means more than compassion.（参考答案：CBAB）【实战演练练习十六】（05天津卷 C篇）The house was quiet at 5 Am. and Tims mother was asleep. Only the sound of the big freezer broke the quiet. Hed dreamt of the cave last night? The purring
13、(轻微颤动声) of the freezer had been the sea .Tim pulled on a sweater and put some apples into his schoolbag. It was too early for breakfast. Hed eat after hed been through the cave, sitting on the rocks and staring at the seAHe wished he had a proper pack. His schoolbag would have to do. What else? Sand
14、wiches but his mother might wake up if he started pulling out bread for sandwiches, shed want to know why he had to leave so early. He settled for some biscuits, and left a note stuck to the table.Gone to Michaels Back tonight . Tim .The sky was high and soft and light outside, though the sun still
15、wasnt up. Even the highway up the hill was quiet as he made his way down the street. The wind from the sea was fresh and sweet.The sandhills still breathed heat from yesterdays sun, though the top of the sand was cool. He ran down to the beach impatiently, but there was no one, just dry sand dancing
16、 in the early wind and seabirds marching up and down watching the waves.The light changed suddenly. The first rays of sunlight stretched (延伸) across the sea . The sun was pushing its way over the edge of the worlDOver the first rocks, along to the point. Tim glanced back. The beach was still empty.
17、The sun sailed higher in the sky.He could see the cave now, even darker in the morning light. The sand turned silver then dark gold as the water flowed away from it. He had to force himself to go closer. Why was it so much more mysterious (神秘)now? But it would be silly to go back now after so much t
18、rouble. He neednt go in all the way 43What did Tim do at the beginning of the story?AHe left the house quietly.BHe had breakfast at home.CHe left a note on the freezer.DHe put a sweater in his schoolbag.44“He settled for some biscuits ” (in Paragraph 3) means that Tim .Ahad to leave the biscuits on
19、the table .Bliked biscuits better than sandwiches Chad to take biscuits instead of sandwiches Dcould only find some biscuits in the kitchen 45What made it possible for Tim to see the entry to the cave?AThe height of the first rocks.BThe ups and downs of the waves.CThe change in the position of the s
20、un.DThe vast stretch of the sunlit beach.46Whish of the following statements is TRUE according to the story?AThe sea looked like a piece of golDBSeabirds flew away when Tim arriveDCTim was the only person on the beach.DThe sky got dark as Tim reached the cave.47In the story , Tims mood (心情) changed
21、from .Aloneliness to crazinessBanxiousness to excitement Chelplessness to happiness Deagerness to nervousness 【实战演练练习十七】（05上海卷 B篇）“Come in. Kim. Have a seat, please.” said Bill Williams, the manager. This was Kims first experience with an assessment. After only six months he was due for a raise if t
22、his assessment was satisfactory. “Kim,” began Bill Williams. “I am very pleased with the quality of your work. I have nothing but praise for your devotion and your hard work. My only concern is that you are not active enough in putting forward your suggestions.”“But,” Replied Kim, “I have always com
23、pleted every assignment you have given me. Mr. Williams.”“I know that, Kim. And please, call me Bill. But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas. I need more input from you more feedback on how things are going I dont need a “yes man”. You never tell me what you thin
24、k. You just smile as though everything is fine.”“But,” said Kim, “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”“Im not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we could do. To make suggestions. I employed you because I respect your experie
25、nce in this field, but you are not communicating your thoughts to me.”“Yes. I see Im not accustomed to this, but I will try to do as you say , Bill”“Good, then, I expect to hear more from you at staff meetings or at any other time you want to discuss an idea with me.”“Yes, of course. Thank you Mr. W
26、illBill.”69Kim is the sort of employee who .Adoes not speak out his own ideas Bis not devoted to the job Claughs too much over work Dcan not finish his work on time 70The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ” .Afull of respect Btoo confident and rude Clacking
27、in experience Dtoo shy and quiet 71From the passage, we can learn that .AKim has been invited to take charge of the staff meetingsBthe manager appreciates those who just do what he tells them to doCthe manager is pleased with Kims hard work and his suggestionsDKim is likely to have a higher salary i
28、f he can pass the assessment【实战演练练习十八】（06安徽卷 B篇）People fell in love with Elizabeth Taylor in 1944, when she starred in National Velvet-the story of Velvet Brown, a young girl who wins first place in a famous horse race, At first, the producers of the movie told Taylor that she was too small to play
29、the part of Velvet. However, they waited for her for a few months as she exercised and trainedand added three inches to her height in four months! Her acting in National Velvet is still considered the best by a child actress.Elizabeth Taylor was born in London in 1932Her parents, both Americans, had
30、 moved there for business reasons. When World war II started, the Taylor moved to Beverly Hills, California, and there Elizabeth started acting in movies. After her success as a child star, Taylor had no trouble moving into adult (成人) roles and won twice for Best Actress: Butterfield 8(1960) and Who
31、s Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? (1966)Taylors fame(名声)and popularity gave her a lot of power with the movie industry, so she was able to demand very high pay for her movies. In 1963, she received $1 million for her part in Cleopatrathe highest pay received by any star up to that time.Elizabeth Taylor i
32、s a legend (传奇人物) of our time. Like Velvet Brown in National Velvet, she has been lucky, she has beauty, fame and wealth. But she is also a hard worker. Taylor seldom acts in movies any more. Instead, she puts her time and efforts into her businesses, and into helping others several years ago, she f
33、ounded an organization that has raised more than $40 million for research and education.60The producers didnt let Taylor play the part of Velvet at first because they thought she .Awas small in size Bwas too youngCdid not play well enough Ddid not show much interest61What Elizabeth Taylor and Velvet
34、 Brown had in common was that they were both .Apopular all their lives Bfamous actressesCsuecessful when very youngDrich and kind-hearted62Taylor became Best Actress at the age of .A12 B28 C31 D3463In her later life , Elizabeth Taylor devoted herself to .Adoing business and helping othersBturning he
35、rself into a legendCcollecting money for the poorDgoing about research and education work第二节 说明文的阅读方法 说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等等。说明事物可采用多种方式：例如举例、分类法或类比、对比法，给事物下定义或分析事物产生的原因以及后果。举例说明文使用例子说明事物阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异，分类展开法则强调事物的相似之
36、处；类比说明事物如何相似，对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物发生的原因及结果。除了用文字说明以外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。 无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。因此，阅读说明文的关键是：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。 下面具体看看两篇说明文。 （05 重庆卷 B 段） Reading is very important to help you learn English. To learn as much as you can from reading, you need to read different kinds of
37、 English. This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability.There are four parts in the book:Part 1 is Messages: In this part somebody wants to send information in writing to somebody else.There is a test on timetables and a test on text message
38、s.Part 2 is People: In this part all the tests are about people. For example, there is an informal letter between friends. There is formal (正式的) English in biography (传记) . There is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading.Part 3 is Places: In this part
39、, too. Many different kinds of English are shown, some informal and some formal. There is the informal English of a holiday postcarDThere is also the formal English in a letter of complaint.Part 4 is Things: You will find some descriptive writing in this part. There are descriptions of clothes and o
40、f a computer.You can do these tests in any order you like, or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text.I enjoyed writing this book and I hope you enjoy using it.解析：这篇文章使用浅显平实的语言详细介绍了这本书的4个部分的内容。说明的重点在书的内容，这本书的特征体现在它的内容。抓住了这一特点，也就读懂了这篇文章，再来做理解题，就容易多了。看看相关的理解题：59We can find the introduc
41、tion to a product in . APart 1BPart 2CPart 3DPart 460Which of the following is most probably written in informal English?AA letter of complaint.BA computer handbook.CA letter to a frienDDA story of a president.61The passage is most probably written for .Atest designers Bstudents Ctest-takers Dteache
42、rs 62What is the best title of the book?ATest Your Reading BHelp with Your Writing CLearn Different Kinds of English DPractise English in Different Ways （参考答案：DCBA）（05 山东卷 E篇）A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laborator
43、ies and could go on sale within 12 months.The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%-40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.Driver Alert is based on a computerized w
44、ristbanDThe device, worn by drivers or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver
45、s response.Tiredness is directly related to a drivers response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder so
46、unds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the drivers response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.The device has been delivered to the departments laboratories for testing.
47、If these tests, scheduled for six months time, are successful, the markets will bring the product to market within about a year.解析：这篇文章说明Driver Alert这一驾驶员警报装置。抓住了它的工作原理、功能作用就抓住了它的本质特点。3、4、5自然段是理解的重点：开车时驾驶员腕带上的警报会每隔4分钟发出声音，驾驶员听到声音按压方向盘作出反应。传感器会探测到从听到声音到作出反应之间的时间差，如果这个时间差大于500毫秒，说明驾驶员疲劳打瞌睡。了解了这个装置的特点，
48、就读懂了这篇文章。看看理解题：72According to the text, Driver Alert _.Aaims to reduce tiredness-related accidentsBhas gone through testing at laboratoriesCaims to prevent drivers from sleeping Dhas been on sale for 12 months73How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?ABy sounding a warning. BBy t
49、ouching the wristbanDCBy checking the driving time.DBy pressing the steering wheel.74We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is _.Aabout 400 milliseconds Bbelow 500 millisecondsCover 500 milliseconds Dabout 4 minutes75When the driver gets sleepy wh
50、ile driving, Driver Alert _. Amoves more regularlyBstops working properlyCopens the window for the driver Dsounds more frequently and loudly（参考答案：ADCD）【实战演练练习十九】（05辽宁卷 D篇）While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the r
51、easons that explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon（现象）is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”（空巢综合症）.In order to seek better chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, leaving their par
52、ents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized
53、societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevent
54、s the grown-up children from providing response（回应）in time for their aged parents living by themselves.The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as “distant parent phenomenon”, which is common both in developed countries and in developing count
55、ries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”.68According to the passage, the loneliness of aged parents is mainly caused by _. Atheir earlier experience of feeling lonelyBthe unfavorable living conditions in their native countriesCthe common worry about their incomeDthe
56、 geographical distance between parents and children69Many young people have gone abroad, leaving their aged parents behind, to _. Alive in the countries with more moneyBseek a better place for their aged parentsCcontinue their studies abroadDrealize their dreams in foreign countries70If young people
57、 go abroad, _. Athey do not hold to the value of duty at allBthey can give some help to their parents back homeCthey cannot do what they should for their parentsDthey believe what they actually do is right71From the last paragraph, we can infer that _. Athe situations in the developed and developing
58、 countries are differentB“Empty Nest Syndrome” has arrived unexpectedly in our societyCchildren will become independent as soon as they go abroadDthe aged parents are not fully prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”【实战演练练习二十】（05辽宁卷 E篇）There are two kinds of physical activity which require special traini
59、ng. The first demands exact careful movements of the muscles（肌肉）. This kind of activity must be strictly controlled because even a slight movement in the wrong direction will lead a mistake. To type quickly, for example, a person needs training; the slightest movement of a finger in the wrong direct
60、ion may cause a spelling mistake. A dancer who has to dance on the point of her shoes or turn around on one foot must be trained for a long period of time before she can sense her own center and balance herself. You may have seen a girl walking on a rope across an empty space, which, too, requires a
61、 lot of practice.The second kind of physical activity needs greater strength or extra effort. Most of us get tired if we try to run half a mile without stopping, but a specially-trained person can do this without much effort. Three years ago, some scientists carried out experiments, which produced m
62、eaningful and unexpected results. They wanted to find out whether a certain amount of physical exercise would injure those suffering from heart problems. They selected some male patients and trained them in continuous bicycle riding. They were surprised to find that the harmful effect of given amoun
63、t of physical effort was actually less on the hearts of these trained patients than on those of the patients who were not similarly traineDThis is important because it shows that regular physical exercise enables us to make better use of the oxygen（氧气）we breathe in and that this training, in fact, r
64、educes the amount of work our hearts do. Many tasks which are hard for untrained people are not hard at all for trained people.72The first kind of physical activity must be strictly controlled because _. Aa mistake in the wrong direction is dangerous to the fingersBa wrong movement in a direction wi
65、ll cause no mistakesCa movement in the wrong direction will cause a mistakeDa slight movement of a finger will lead to a mistake73What must a dancer do before she can balance herself? AShe must dance on the point of her shoes.BShe must receive long-time training.CShe must turn around on one foot.DSh
66、e must perform again and again.74The experiments done by some scientists showed that _. Asome male patients were asked to ride bicycles regularly in the experimentsBthe physical exercise had more harmful effect on the hearts of the untrained patientsCthe physical exercise was harmless to the male pa
67、tients with heart troubleDthe physical exercise could be helpful for the patients to take in more oxygen75What would be the best title for this text? ATraining Our BodiesBPhysical ActivitiesCMovement TrainingDExtra Body Effort【实战演练练习二十一】（05广东卷 C篇）Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted u
68、p by a wave? Or have you jumped in thewater and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you? asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of EdinburghThere is certainly a lot of energy in waves, he saidScientists are working to use that energy to make electricityMost waves are cr
69、eated whenwinds blow across the oceanThe wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪) , but if theykeep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves, Taylor saiD“Wavesare one of nature s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”When waves come toward th
70、e shore, people can set up dams to block the water and send itthrough a large wheel called a turbine (涡轮机) The turbine can then power an electricalgenerator to produce electricity.The resource is huge, said Janet Swain of the World watch InstituteWe will never run out of wave power Besides, wave ene
71、rgy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil or coalOceans cover three-quarters of the Earths surface - that would make wave power seem ideal for creating energy throughout the world, though there are some weak points yet to overcomeSwain said that wave power still cos
72、ts too much moneyShe also said that its effects on sea animals are still unknownWhat is more, wave power could affect fishing and boat traffiCTraditional sources of energy like oil and gas may someday run outDemand for energy topower our TVs and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes
73、 is rising rapidly throughout the world, Swain saidIn the future when you turn on a light, an ocean wave could beproviding the electricity!64The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.Atest the readers knowledge about wavesBdraw the readers attention to the topicCshow Jam
74、ie Taylors importanceDinvite the readers to answer them65The underlined phrase picking up (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _.Astarting againBspeeding upCgatheringDimproving66We can make better use of wave energy if we _.Ashorten its journey to thousands of homesBbuild more small power stations
75、 on the oceansCreduce the cost of turning it into electric powerDquicken the steps of producing electricity67It can be inferred that some day we might not worry about _.Aair pollutionBour boat trafficCour power supplyDour supply of sea fish【实战演练练习二十二】（06安徽卷 D篇）To extinguish (熄灭) different kinds of f
76、ires, several types of fire extinguishers have been inventeDThey must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out. Most portable (手提式的) kinds operate for less than a minute, so they are useful only on small fires. The law requires ships, trains, buses and planes to carry extinguishers.Since fuel
77、, oxygen (氧气) and heat must be present in order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire. If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature, the fire goes out. The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire.
78、Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen. This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things. A blanket may be used do cover a small fire.A third method is called separa
79、tion, which includes removing the fuel, or material easy to burn, from a fire, so that it can find no fuel.The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire. Fires have been grouped in three classes. Fires in wood, paper, cloth and the like are called Class A fires. These mater
80、ials usually help keep the fire on. Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.69If a fire breaks out on a bus, which of the follow should be ready there for you to use?ASandBWaterCA blanket.DAn extinguisher.69To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin in order to stop the
81、 fire is an example of .Aseparating the fire Breducing the heatCremoving the fuel Dcutting off the oxygen70In choosing how to put out a fire, we should first be clear about .Awhen it breaks outBhow it comes aboutCwhat kind it isDwhere it takes place71What would the author probably discuss in the par
82、agraph that follows?AAnother class of firesBAnother type of extinguishersCHow fires break out.DHow fires can be preventeD【实战演练练习二十三】（06江苏卷 E篇）A new eight-kilometre road is under construction that links the port area with the motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, whic
83、h greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the centre of the city. As part of the project, two four-kif0metre road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 metres below the surface
84、and are 12 metres wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. T
85、here will also be electronic signs at frequent intervals (间隔). They show traffic conditions ahead, and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining(混凝土衬砌). Each tunnel is roughly
86、round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system (排水系统), just below the road surface on one aide, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is mad
87、e of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel, and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones. 72Each of the tunnels under construction is _.Aeight
88、 kilometres long and twenty metres wideBeight kilometres long and six metres wideCfour kilometres long and twenty metres wideDfour kilometres long and six metres wide73Which part of the tunnel in the diagram is used to pipe out extra water?A1 B3 C5 D674Driving in the tunnel, one can know the traffic
89、 conditions ahead through _.Athe lights Bthe electronic signs Cthe trucks and cars Dthe emergency phones75The passage is mainly about _.Athe construction of a road Bthe design of a roadCthe construction of two tunnels Dthe design of two tunnels第三节 议论文的阅读方法 议论文也就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提
90、供充分的证据（evidence），使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。 阅读议论文我们要抓住论题、抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题、抓住了观点，我们就把握了中心，再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。因此，阅读议论文的关键是：抓论题、抓观点。 看看下面一篇例文： （05 江苏卷 E段） The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before changes for the better, changes for the worse, c
91、hanges that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger .Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of t
92、he structure of matter and of the universe, it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.The continuation of such activities in the
93、twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure sciencea wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied sciencea more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.Sadly, however, there is another side to the
94、picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankinDThe application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in
95、 the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as
96、 of many kinds of animals.William Shakespeare saiD“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线）, good and ill together. “The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activitiesscience seems to prove what Shakespeare saiDBut does it have to be so? Must the ill always go togethe
97、r with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?解析：作者在第一段提出论题：The progress in science caused the changes in the twentieth century. 接下来，第二、三段作者提出论据：The progress in science has brought us advantages and the continuation of the progress will surely result in even greater advantages.第四段作者从另一方面提出
98、论据：The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankinD再接下来，按行文结构作者应该作出结论，但作者在第五段并没有直接说出不言自明的结论（We should separate the good from the ill.），而是用了几个问句：But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? 这样可引起读者对结论的深入思考，引起读者
99、的重视。看看下面的理解题：72Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?A B C D （=Paragraph 1,=Paragraph 2, =Paragraph 3, =Paragraph 4,=Paragraph 5）73From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that .Aa great many nuclear weapons were actually used for warBa large number of nuclear weapons should
100、have been used for warCthe author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weaponsDthe author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth74The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .AsimpleBmixedCsadDhappy75What do you think the author
101、is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?AFurther application of science to war.BMore reading of William Shakespeare.CProper use of science in the new century.DEffective ways to separate the good from the ill.（参考答案：ADBD）【实战演练练习二十四】（05北京卷 C篇）How could we possibly think that keeping animals
102、in cages in unnatural environmentsmostly for entertainment purposesis fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats(栖息地). Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals
103、bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim(声称) to educate people and save endangered species(物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs
104、 only mention the species name, diet, and natural range(分布区). The animals normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos dont usually take care of the animals natural needs.The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This re
105、sults in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears sp
106、end 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangereDCaptive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats. Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wilDZoos talk a lot about their c
107、aptive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Havent we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end t
108、o the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.64How would the author describe the animals life in zoos?ADangerous.BUnhappy.CNatural.DEasy.65In the state of zoochosis, animals _.Aremain in cagesBbehave strangelyCatta
109、ck other animalsDenjoy moving around66What does the author try to argue in the passage?AZoos are not worth the public support.BZoos fail in their attempt to save animals.CZoos should treat animals as human beings.DZoos use animals as a means of entertainment.67The author tries to persuade readers to
110、 accept his argument mainly by _.Apointing out the faults in what zoos doBusing evidence he has collected at zoosCquestioning the way animals are protectedDdiscussing the advantages of natural habitats68Although he argues against zoos, the author would still agree that _.Azoos have to keep animals i
111、n small cagesBmost animals in zoos are endangered speciesCsome endangered animals are reproduced in zoosDits acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats【实战演练练习二十五】（04上海卷 C篇）We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name o
112、f equality, other, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it. Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changedno examination is perfectbut to have to tests or examinations would mean the
113、end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in school or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpo
114、se of each teacher. Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favouritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an illrespected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable f
115、or a job, while the lake of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a wellrespected school. This defend of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child form a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her schools reputatio
116、n, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school. The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have eve
117、n suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.82The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the
118、 phenomenon that_.Abright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs.Bchildren from wellrespected schools tend to have good jobsCpoor children with certificates are favoured in job markets Dchildren attending ordinary schools achieve great success83What would happen if examinations were
119、taken away according to the author?ASchools for bright children would lose their reputation.BThere would be more opportunities and excellence.CChildren from poor families would be able to change their schools.DChildrens job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.84The opponents of
120、the examination system will agree that _.Ajobs should not be assigned by systematic selectionBcomputers should be selected to take over many jobsCspecial classed are necessary to keep the school standardsDschools with academic subjects should be done away with 85The passage mainly focuses on _.Ascho
121、ols and certificates Bexamination and equality Copportunity and employment Dstandards and reputation第四节 应用文的阅读方法 应用文不同于一般普通的文章，应用文措辞简洁明了、直截了当。应用文是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，象广告、书信、列车或飞机的时刻表、产品说明书、宣传海报、简明新闻等都属于应用文，他们的目的都是为了向读者传输信息。在阅读这类文章时主要是注意细节信息，做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法更有效。 了解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出读应用文的关键是：抓信息。例如：
122、（05江西卷 C段）OUR KIDS ARE AMAZINGespecially compared with everybody elses (who seem to cry all the time). How do you show your love for your kids this holiday season? With toys that are smooth and colorful, interactive and exciting. And with ones that have educational valuebecause you are the boss. 1FL
123、AX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SETHere is a toy that doesnt need powerand the bike have to put it together themselves. This 50-piece puzzle set is made of soft-edged hardwood and makes a complete hospital, with an X-ray room. It also includes eight patients, a car and a driver. $135; .2TINY LOVE AC
124、TIVITY BALLSure, its cool, but this colorful baby toy also develops problem solving and motor skills. It has a head and legs, a magnetic(磁性的) hand and a tail. Suitable for little ones from 6 to 36 months. $1995; .3ROBOSAPIENThis small, remote-control robot is really powerful. It performs 67 preprogr
125、ammed functions(功能), including throwing, kicking, picking up and dancing. You can even program your own function-which, sadly, does not include doing windows. $99; .4MINI PEDAL CARWant a Mini Cooper but cant fit the family inside? Get one for the kids. They can jump into this Mini car, which comes i
126、n hot orange with a single adjustable(可调的) seat, and ride away. But it could spoil them for that used car theyll be driving when they turn 16For ages 3 to 5$189; miniusAcom (click on “gear up,” then “Mini motoring gear”).解析：快速scanning，我们知道这是一篇关于儿童玩具的广告。抓信息是关键，要抓住对我们答题有用的信息。我们先看问题，看题目对什么信息提问，这样就能做到有的
127、放矢，先看64题。64Which toy is said to have the special design for childrens safety?AROBOSAPIENBMINI PEDAL CARCFLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SETDTINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL该题问哪一个玩具为孩子的安全做了特别的设计？回到原文，我们很快发现在1FLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SET中有This 50-piece puzzle set is made of soft-edged hardwood and m
128、akes a complete hospital, with an X-ray room.一句描述，注意句中的soft-edged，我们可得出答案：C。65Which toy are fit for three-year-old kids?A1 and 3B2 and 4CI and 2D3 and 4采用寻读的方法，很快找到答案：B。66Educational value is mentioned in all the toys EXCETP _.AFLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SETBTINY LVE ACTIVITY BALLCROBOSAPIEND
129、MINI PEDAL CAR快速扫描四种玩具的特点，我们很快就能找到相关信息，得出答案：B。67This passage is written for _.AparentsBchildrenCthe writerDthe boss家长才会给孩子买玩具，不言而喻，答案：A。【实战演练练习二十六】（05山东卷 D篇）Use your American Express Card to enjoy one-day privileges at four of Americas greatest museums. Note the participating museums, and their exci
130、ting special exhibitions that you will not want to miss, listed below.BostonIsabella Stewart Gardner MuseumChairsFebruary 11-May 8, 2005Italian furniture expert Fausto Calderai and Indian photographer Dayanita Singh present an exhibition of chairs from the museums collection and “chair photographs”
131、from around the world presented in a Venetian-style hall housing world-famous masterpieces.For more information: www.gardnermuseum.orgNew YorkThe Noguchi MuseumNoguchi and GrahamDecember 1, 2004-May 1, 2005Noguchis long-term collaboration with dancer Martha Graham is regarded by many as a high point
132、 in the history of both modern dance and art. The exhibition highlights nine of the sets created through this collaboration.For more information: www.noguchi.orgPhiladelphiaPennsylvania Academy of the Fine ArtsIn Full View: American Painting(1720-2005)January 11-April 10, 2005Founded in 1805, the Pe
133、nnsylvania Academy has been home to Americas artists for 200 years. The Academy collects and exhibits the works of famous American artists, and is well-known for training fine artists. 2005 at the Academy begins with the largest exhibition of Academys distinguished American collection in the institu
134、tions history.For more information: www.pafAorgSeattleSeattle Museum of GlassMurano: Glass from the Olnick Spanu CollectionThrough November 7, 2004This exhibition includes over 200 pieces of beautiful glass from Murano, the island of glassblowers near Venice, Italy. Watch live glass-blowing shows in
135、 the Hot Shop and see other modern glass exhibitions.For more information: www.museumofglass.org69Which of the following websites offers information about the furniture show? Awww.pafAorg Bwww. museumofglass.orgCwww.noguchi.org Dwww.gardnermuseum.org70We learn from the text that Martha Graham is _.A
136、a dancerBa glassblowerCa painterDa photographer71If you want to know the history of American painting, you may visit _.Athe Noguchi Museum BSeattle Museum of GlassCIsabella Stewart Gardner Museum DPennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts【实战演练练习二十七】（05广东卷 E篇）HOLIDAYSThe Bay HotelIts a quiet, comfortable
137、 hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialised Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly pointIf pop music is no longer your strong point, and you are considering a relaxing holiday where the scenery is breathtaking and the sound of the sea is live music to your ears, come and stay
138、with usFor adults onlySssh! Dont tell everyone! 01326 280464Willapark Manor HotelPeaceful situation in 14 acres of separated gardens and woodland, overlooking picturesque bayClose to coastal path and beachExcellent cuisineOur excellent service brings our guests back year after yearChildren (reductio
139、ns) and pets welcome01840 770782The Country Garden HotelDelightful hotel set in lovely gardens; calm Island of Wight near Tennyson Downs, Great food! Garden, sea view and ground floor roomsPlease call for brochure (服务指南) and sample menuAdults only and pets welcome0800 980 1943BoscastleRomantic 17th
140、Century farmers cottage in countryside with splendid coastal viewsWell-equippedSleeps 5Regret no pets/smokingGarden with furnitureBrochure; 01633 450417Godshill4 star self-served unitsNon smokingSleeps 2 4Open all yearGood walksClose to pubsPeacefulCosyNo petsBrochure: 01983 840371The Blakeney Hotel
141、Overlooking harbour, traditional privately owned friendly hotel vibedrooms, lift, heated indoor pool, spa bath and saunasRelax, walk, sail, play golf, explore the villages, countryside and coastSpecial seasonal midweek price for aged citizens01263 7407S W FranceRural setting near CordesTwo beautiful
142、ly repainted old houses, sleep 4/5 ,Gardens, woodland, pool, views, excellent walksAvailable all year roundOutstanding01962 77696772All of the following hotels are close to the sea EXCEPT _.AS W FranceBThe Blakeney HotelCWillapark Manor HotelDThe Country Garden Hotel73If you want to take your childr
143、en and your dog with you on holiday, you can choose _.AThe Country Garden HotelBWillapark Manor HotelCThe Bay HotelDBoscastle74One of the hotels offers special price for _.Ayoung peopleBelderly peopleCforeign guestsDstudents75The purpose of the passage is to _.AwarnBadviseCdescribeDadvertise【实战演练练习二
144、十八】（04上海卷 B篇） (You may read the questions first)Products: mail orderBay 3-piece luggage set for only 6999 ALL ORDERS Half price offer DELIVERED Pack with confidence, Travel in Style. Arrive intact FREE TO YOUR This elegant luggage is manufactured in a new hard-wearing plastic DOOR which is strong an
145、d very light in weight Light but hard-wearing3 locks (2 key and I combination lock )for total security Supplied with initials for personalizationMD 9572 6999Plan your journey they easy way This portable Traveler will give you directions from A to B anywhere in England, Scotland and Wales. Just enter
146、 the start and the end of your journey and the Traveler will work out the quickest route. The Traveler can also estimate the journey time, average speed and fuel consumption. Need to change your journey at any stage?The Traveler will give you a new set of directions. Other features include auto shut
147、-off.And a built-in light for night-time use. Powered by 4AA batteries (not supplied). MD 7437 Traveler 6999How much do you know?Everyone, young and old, enjoys and challenge of quizzers. Our electronic Quizmastercontains 5,400 questions and answers in 6 classificationsgeneral knowledge, sport, scie
148、nce, geography, art and history. Each of these is further divided into 3 skill levels(easy, medium and difficult)so younger children can fairly compete against teenagers and adults. PLUS!Every Quizmaster includes:8 Games of HangmanPortune Teller Games10-digit calculatorlong life cell batteries inclu
149、dedMD 9569 Quizmaster was 1999 now 149979In advertisement 2, the Traveler enables us to learn_.Athe road conditions from London to OxfordsBall the garages along the chosen routeCthe time and speed of the journey in BritainDthe directions from London to Paris.80In advertisement 3, the Quizmaster_.Aco
150、ntains nothing but 5400 questions Bcan only answer challenging questionsCcan be purchased in many shops Dcan be used by people of all 81All these advertisements are aimed at those_.Awho like to order goods at home Bwho are going to travel abroadCwho do market researches Dwho are interested in intell
151、igence tests【实战演练练习二十九】（06广东卷 E篇）72Who is (are) the editor (s) of William Faulkner: Novels 1926-1929? ANoel Polk & Joseph Blotner. BPhillip Lopate. CTony Kushner. D, Leo Bersani.73How much do you pay for American Movie Critics? AUS $45 BUS $40 CUS $35 DUS $2574Which book do you buy if you want to re
152、ad the play Death of a Salesman ? AArthur Miller: Collected Plays 1944 -1961 BWilliam Faulkner: Novels 1926-1929 CHenry James: Novels 1901 -1902 DAmerican Movie Critics.75Henry James only book written in the first person is AThe Wings of the Dove. BThe Sacred Fount. CSoldiersPay. DMosquitoes.第24页 共24页
