1、语法剖析直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语的定义。直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号“”。间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,不用加引号。通常是变为宾语从句或动词不定式。例如:1)“I like singing,”she said.(直接引语)“我喜欢唱歌,”她说。 She said she liked singing.(间接引语)她说她喜欢唱歌。2)“Dont touch anything,” he said.(直接引语)他说:“别碰任何东西。” He told us not to touch anything.(间接引语)他告诉我们别碰任何东西。直接引语变成间接引语时时态的变化
2、。1)若主句的谓语是过去时态,直接引语改为间接引语时,要调整时态。现在时 过去时直接引语间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来时 过去将来时一般将来时 过去将来时将来进行时 过去将来进行时将来完成时 过去将来完成时一般过去时过去完成时如: Kitty said,“I need some fresh air.” 基蒂说:“我需要新鲜空气。”Kitty said she needed some fresh air.基蒂说她需要新鲜空气。 Kathy said,“Ill pick you up at nine.”凯西说:“我九点钟来
3、接你。” Kathy said she would pick me up at nine.凯西说她九点钟来接我。 The scientist said,“I spent 10 years working at the research.”这位科学家说:“我花了10的时间致力于这项研究。”The scientist said he had spent 10 years working at the research.这位科学家说他花了10的时间致力于这项研究。2)下列情况中,直接引语变间接引语时,时态不变:主句谓语动词为现在时,间接引语中的动词可保持原来时态。如:He says,“I had a
4、 good time last night.”他说:“我昨晚过得很愉快。”He says he had a good time the night before.他说他昨晚过得很愉快。直接引语表达的是习惯性动作、客观事实或科学真理时,变为间接引语时时态不变。如:“The moon moves around the earth,” the astronomer said.天文学家说:“月亮绕着地球转。The astronomer said the moon moves around the earth.天文学家说月亮绕着地球转。”直接引语变为间接引语时人称的变化。人称要根据句子的意义作相应的变化
5、。如:“Which one will you take?” the shop assistant asked me.商店售货员问道:“你买哪一个?” The shop assistant asked me which one I would take.商店售货员问我买哪一个。直接引语变为间接引语时指示代词和时间或地点状语,和个别动词的变化如下表:直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentoday,tonightthat day,that nightyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next (following) daynext m
6、onththe month after/the following montha week agoa week beforelast yearthe year before/the previous yearheretherecomegobringtake如:May said to Jennifer,“I will bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”梅对詹妮弗说:“我明天带些照片来给你。”May told Jennifer she would take some photos there to her the next day.梅对詹妮弗说她第二天
7、会带些照片去给她”。如果句子意思并无改变就不必改变这些词。例如在当地转述,here 不必改为there,动词come 不必改为go。 如果在当天转述yesterday,tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。如:Mrs.Winston said,“I will come here tomorrow afternoon.”温斯顿太太说:“我明天下午会来这儿。”Mrs.Winston said she would come here again tomorrow afternoon.温斯顿太太说她明天下午会来这儿。(今天还在同样的地方转述这句话)巧记:直引若是一般问,变间if/whether连。语序变为陈述式,时态人称相应变。直引若是特殊问,疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单,一切只当一般问。 直引若是祈使句,谓语动词挺要紧。 told/asked/ordered,根据口气来选定。告诉人、请人、命令人,后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,not to do后边行。