1、【英语】北师大版 单词典句考点（Unit 19LANGUAGE名师导航四点剖析单词典句考点1. attain vt. 达到；获得巧记提示 attain（获得）gain (赢得)经典例句 We attained the top of the mountain after three hours climbing.我们经过了三个小时的爬山，终于到达山顶。Leo Ioacoco attained the position of President of the Ford Motors.李雅科卡终于当上了福特汽车公司的总裁。考点聚焦1) 同义词： reach到达2）attain vt. 达到某个目标。
2、如：They are not likely to attain this aim.他们未必能达到这一目标。3）attain vi. 达到某个龄，与to连用。如：We have attained to the age of 18.我们已经到18岁的龄了。活学活用1. 汉译英:他们最后达到了目的。_答案:They finally attained their goal.2. adequateadj. 足够的，充分的经典例句 Adequate exercise can prevent acute epidemic influenza.适当的锻炼能够预防流行性感冒。考点聚焦1）同义词：enough a
3、dj. 足够的, 充足的2）反义词：inadequate adj. 不充分的, 不适当的3)派生词： adequately adv. 充分地adequacy n. 适当, 足够4) 注意adequate常跟介词for连用。如：An adequate water supply for city people is already a major problem.给城市供应充足的水源已成为一个主要问题。The schoolyard is small but adequate for 100 children playing at the same time.虽说校园小，但足够100个孩子同时玩。活
4、学活用2. 单句改错：She proved adequately to the job._答案:adequately改为adequate3. ensurevt. 确保, 保证巧记提示 en-(动词前缀，使)sure (确信的)经典例句 We can ensure that the work shall be done well in the right way.我们保证用正确的方法把工作做好。I fitted a new lock to ensure that the bicycle would not be stolen.我装了一把新锁以保证自行车不被偷。考点聚焦1）ensure vt. 确
5、保, 保证，后接that从句、动名词。如：I cant ensure his being there on time.我不能保证他准时到那儿。I cant ensure that he will be there on time.我不能担保他会准时到那儿。2） ensure sb. from/against sth. 保护某人免受These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents.这些是为了保护工人不出事故的安全设施。3)记住短语：ensure success保证成功ensure sb. against/from dange
6、r保护某人免受危险活学活用3. 单项选择：If you want to _that you get the diploma(文凭), you have to work harder.A. are sureB. surelyC. sureD. ensure答案:D4. accelerate vt. 加速经典例句 The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car.司机加大油门, 让汽车加速行驶。考点聚焦1)派生词： acceleration n. 加速，加速度; accelerated adj. 加速的2)同义词： speed up3）ac
7、celerate vt. 加速, 促进, 常接表示“物”的名词作宾语。如：The bad weather accelerated our departure.糟糕的天气促使我们早日离开。4）accelerate vi. 加速。如：The car suddenly accelerated.汽车突然加快了速度。5）相关短语: have good acceleration很好的加速性能。活学活用4. 单项选择：The runners _smoothly around the bend.A. acceleratedB. fastedC. at speedD. quickly答案:A5. enlarge
8、vt. 扩大巧记提示 en-(使成) + large(大的)经典例句 This photograph is a bit too old and probably wont be enlarged well.这张照片太老了些，放大了很可能不好。考点聚焦1)派生词： enlargement n. 放大；enlarger n. 扩大者, 增补者2）同义词： increase vt. 增加3）反义词： decrease v. 减少4）enlarge vt. 扩大。如：Were enlarging the production scale to produce more and better compu
9、ters.我们在扩充生产规模以便生产出更多更好的计算机。5）enlarge on/upon进一步详述, 常接plan, suggestion, idea等词。如：Could you enlarge upon your suggestion?你能不能详细谈谈你的建议？6）常见词组enlarge a photo放大照片enlarge ones house扩建房屋enlarge ones views开阔眼界, 增长知识活学活用5. 汉译英：1）增建的房间使房屋扩大了。_2）我请摄影师把那张照片放大。_答案:1）The house was enlarged with a new room.2）I as
10、ked the photographer to enlarge the picture.6. guarantee vt. 保证经典例句 We cant guarantee that our flights will never be delayed. 我们不能保证我们的所有航班均不会误点。考点聚焦1)派生词： guarantor n. 担保人；保证人2）guarantee vt. 担保；保证，是及物动词，常接表示高兴、满意的名词作宾语。As parents, they must guarantee that their child should be safe while crossing t
11、he streets. 作为父母，必须担保他们的孩子行走在大街上时的安全。3）guarantee vt. 约定;许诺，常接动名词或表示“物”的名词作宾语。My watch is guaranteed for one year.我的手表保修一。4）常见搭配：guarantee sth. against sth. 提供保修be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会；必定会活学活用6. 单项选择:Perfect satisfaction _our customers.A. guaranteesB. is guaranteed toC. guaranteedD. guarantees t
12、o答案:B7. adjust vt. 调节；调整巧记提示 ad-(前缀)+just(恰当，正好)经典例句 He soon adjusted himself to army life.他很快就适应了军旅生活。I must adjust my watch because its fast.我的表快了, 我得把它校准。考点聚焦1）adjust vt. 调节；调整，常接钟表等计时器的名词作宾语。2）adjust vt. 使适合，常接反身代词作宾语, adjust oneself to. . . 使自己适应3）adjust vi. 适应，常接介词to，后接表示适应环境的名词作宾语。如：Astronaut
13、s in flight must adjust to weightlessness.宇航员在飞行中得适应失重状态。活学活用7. 单项选择：He _himself very quickly to the heat of the country.A. thrilledB. foldedC. surroundedD. adjusted答案:D8. inform vt. 告知；通知巧记提示 in（在里）form（构成）经典例句 Please inform us of any changes of address. 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。The sales manager asked his me
14、n to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time.销售部经理让他手下的人把关于销售的情况及时报告他。考点聚焦1)同义词：communicate v. 沟通, 通信2)派生词：informer n. 密告者, 控告的人, 通知的人；information n.通知, 报告, 消息3)形近词：informal adj. 非正式的, 非正规的4）inform vt. 告知；通知，常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。如：The headmistress informed us that the school would be closed f
15、or one day next week.女校长告诉我们下星期学校将停一天课。He informed her he was thinking of entering medical school.他告诉她他想进医学院。5)相关短语：be well informed about sth. 精通某事，对某事消息灵通be informed of 听说，接到的通知be rightly /wrongly informed 得到正确的/错误的情报keep myself informed 随时向我报告情况inform against /on/upon sb. 告发某人, 检举某人6)information是
16、不可数名词，表示“一条消息”时要说a piece of information。活学活用8. 单项选择：1)David apologized for his not being able_ me of the change in the plan.A. informingB. formC. to informD. to form2) He sent me an e-mail to give me _that the book contains much useful information.A. informationB. a newsC. an informationD. informati
17、ons答案: 1） C2）A9. dedicatedadj. 专心致志的巧记提示 dedicate（vt. 献身） + -ed（形容词后缀）经典例句 Mr. Wang is dedicated to teaching English.王老师专心于英语教学。考点聚焦1）派生词： dedication n. 贡献, 奉献；dedicatee n.受奉献者(尤指书籍的受奉献者)；dedicative adj. 贡献的, 献纳的2）dedicate . . . to献身于He dedicated his life to the service of his country.他献身于为国服务。He de
18、dicated his first book to his mother.他把第一本书献给他母亲。3） be dedicated to. . . 献身于注意to是介词，后接名词或动名词。如：My sister was dedicated to teaching mother tongue.我姐姐献身于母语教学。4）dedicate . . . to sb. 把(钱、物品、作品)奉献给某人。如：The old scientist dedicated his money to scientific research.这位老科学家把他的钱用于科学研究。活学活用9. 单项选择：We _starting
19、 our own business on May 1st.A. were dedicated ourselves toB. dedicatedC. dedicated ourselves toD. dedicated to答案:C10. congratulate vt. 祝贺经典例句 I want to congratulate you with all my heart.我衷心地庆贺你。考点聚焦1)派生词： congratulation n. 祝词, 贺辞; congratulator n. 祝贺者, 庆贺者2) congratulate vt. 祝贺, 恭喜，向致祝词，常接表示“人”的名词
20、作宾语。congratulate sb. on sth. 因某事祝贺某人。如：We congratulated her on passing the exam.我们祝贺她通过了考试。3）congratulate vt. 庆幸自己，常接反身代词作宾语。congratulate oneself on庆幸自己。如:He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于死。4）congratulation n. 祝贺；祝词；贺辞, 常用复数形式。常与on连用。如：We offer our congratulation
21、s on her success. 我们对她的成功表示祝贺。5）辨析：congratulate和celebratecongratulate的宾语是人而不是物。celebrate 庆祝；庆贺，其宾语是新、生日、结婚纪念日、成功、胜利等名词。We celebrated the New Year with a dance party.我们举行跳舞晚会庆祝新。活学活用10. 汉译英：我祝贺你喜获千金。_答案:Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter.11. unconsciousadj. 不知不觉的，无意的巧记提示 un-（否定前缀）c
22、onscious（adj. 有意识的）经典例句 After she hit her head she was unconscious for several minutes.她把头碰了一下后昏迷了几分钟。I made an unconscious mistake when I was speaking English.当我在说英语的时候，无意犯了个错误。考点聚焦1)派生词：unconsciously adv. 无意中, 不知不觉；unconsciousness n.无意识, 意识不清2）同义词： unaware adj. 不知道的, 没觉察到的3）unconscious adj. 不知不觉的，
23、无意的，修饰人或事物。如：She remained unconscious for several hours.她不省人事有好几个小时。He was unconscious of his mistake.他没意识到自己的错误.I was unconscious of her presence.我不知道她在场。活学活用11. 单项选择：What made you so angry?_movements.A. The boy unconsciouslyB. The boy unconsciousnessC. The boy was unconsciousD. The boys unconsciou
24、s答案:D12. resemblevt. 像；与相似巧记提示 re-（又，再）+sembler(相似)经典例句 He strongly resembles his teacher in speaking English.在说英语方面，他酷似他的老师。She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。考点聚焦1）派生词：resemblance n. 相似之处； resembling adj. 相似的, 模仿的2）resemble vt. 像；与类似，后面常接表示人的词语。如：
25、She was not quiet; she did not resemble her sister.她不安静;她不像她的姐姐。3）resemblance n.相似, 常与to, between, of连用，bear /show a resemblance to与相像。活学活用12. 单项选择:There is _between the two brothers.A. resemblancedB. resemblingC. strong resemblanceD. a strong resemblance答案:D13. transparentadj. 清晰易辨的；透明的经典例句 The stu
26、dents dont want their windows transparent.学生们不想使得他们的窗户透明。考点聚焦1）派生词： transparency n. 透明, 透明度； transparentize vt. 使透明；transparently adv. 明亮地, 显然地2)transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的。如：The boy doesnt like to wear transparent clothes.这个男孩不喜欢穿透明的衣服。3)transparent adj. 显而易见的;一目了然的，常接that从句。如：It was transparent tha
27、t her pride was hurt.很显然, 她的自尊心受到了伤害。4) transparent adj. 坦率的, 光明正大的。如：He is a boy of transparent honesty.他是一个非常诚实的孩子。5) transparent adj. 易懂的, 明晰的。如：I like her transparent style of writing.我喜欢她明晰的文体。活学活用13. 汉译英：玻璃是一种透明物。_答案:Glass is a transparent material.14. merelyadv只；仅仅巧记提示 mere(仅仅的)+-ly（副词后缀）经典例句
28、 They are not merely content to fill the stomach.他们不仅仅满足于填饱肚子。考点聚焦1）同义词：only adj. 仅仅2)merely adv. 仅仅地, 只不过。如：This is merely the beginning.这仅仅是个开头。I merely asked his name.我只不过问问他的名字。3）not merely . . . but also. . . 不仅而且not only. . . but also. . .He not merely speaks English frequently but also writes
29、 good compositions.他不但英语说得流利，而且他的作文写得很好。活学活用14. 单项选择：He is _a child. You dont have to be angry. He _wanted to say the truth.A. merely；merelyB. mere；onlyC. only；mereD. mere；merely答案:A15. purchasevt. 购买经典例句 Please ensure that you purchase your ticket in advance.请您务必提前购票。考点聚焦1）同义词：buy 买2）反义词：sell 卖3) p
30、urchase vt. 购买，常接表示“物”的名词作宾语。4)purchase n. 作“购买；购置”讲时，是不可数名词。如：They spent some money for the purchase of new recorders.他们花了一些钱购买新的录音机。5)purchase n. 作“支点”讲时，是可数名词。如：The climber tried to gain a purchase with his feet on a narrow edge of rock.爬山者尽量在岩石狭窄的边缘找落脚处。6）常用短语：make a purchase采购proof of purchase购
31、物凭证purchase sth. from sb. 从某人那里买到某物for the purchase of为了购买get a purchase on紧紧抓住活学活用15. 根据句意填词：1）She said that such equipment could be _from your local supplier.2）He got a _on a branch until we came to his rescue.3）The new couple spent some money for the _of the furniture necessary for their new hous
32、e.答案: 1）purchased2）purchase3）purchase16. negotiate vt. 谈判;协商经典例句 The rent is a matter for negotiation between the landlord and the tenant.租金可以由房东和住户协商确定。考点聚焦1)派生词：negotiator n.谈判代表，negotiatory adj.协商的, 交涉的；negotiation n. 商议, 谈判, 流通2）近义词：arrange vt. 安排，协商3)negotiate作“谈判”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“物”的名词作宾语。如：nego
33、tiate for peace讲和;negotiate with sb. about sth. 与某人协商某事。4)negotiation n.作“谈判，协商，商谈”讲时，是可数名词，常用作复数形式。常用于下列短语：be in negotiations with sb. over sth. 与某人协商某事break off negotiations中断谈判carry on negotiations继续交涉enter into a negotiation with sb. 开始与某人进行谈判活学活用16. 改错：Peace negotiation are still going on._答案:n
34、egotiation negotiations17. registervt. 登记经典例句 Tom went to the city hall to register the birth of his son.汤姆去市政厅为他儿子作出生登记。考点聚焦1）派生词：register n. 记录；名单; registered adj. 已注册的, 已登记的, 记名的2）同义词： record vt. 记录3）register vt. 登记4）固定搭配register sth. in ones memory把某事记在心里5）register vt. 流露;表达, 显示。如：His face regis
35、tered both surprise and joy.他脸上流露出惊喜交集的表情。6）register vt. 指示;记录。如：The thermometer registered 70 degrees.温度计显示七十度。活学活用17. 汉译英：这位老师保留了一份孩子们的名册。_答案:The teacher kept a register of the names of the children.18. fasten vt. 束紧巧记提示 fast（快的）-en（动词后缀）经典例句 The plane is starting. Fasten your seat belts, please!飞
36、机要起飞了，请系上安全带！考点聚焦1）派生词： fastener n. 纽扣, 按钮2）同义词： tie vt. 打结，系3）反义词： loosen vt. 松开4）fasten vt. 束紧。如：The boy didnt fasten the door of the garden.这个男孩没有把花园门闩上。5）fasten vt. 使固定。如：Its not polite to fasten your eyes on others.盯住别人看是不礼貌的。You should fasten your attention upon the problem.你应该把注意力集中在这个问题上。Don
37、t fasten the responsibility on him.不要把责任推到他身上。6）常见短语：fasten down确定fasten in装进fasten off打个结fasten on抓住, 握紧fasten oneself upon /on缠住不放fasten up关紧；坚持活学活用18. 单项选择：The little boy has learnt _shoelaces.A. fasterB. to fastenC. fastenD. fast答案: B19. embarrass vt. 使困窘经典例句 I was embarrassed because I had no i
38、dea.我因为没有主意而不知如何是好。考点聚焦1）派生词：embarrassingly adv. 窘迫地；embarrassment n. 窘迫2）同义词：shame vt. 使感到羞愧3）embarrass vt. 使困窘, 常用于被动语态。如：He was embarrassed by debts.他因债务而局促不安。Embarrassed by his heavy luggage, he could not walk fast.由于受到笨重行李的拖累, 他走不快。活学活用19. 单项选择：When I began to sing, he laughed and made me _.A.
39、embarrassedB. embarrassC. embarrassingD. to embarrass答案:A20. punctual adj. 准时的；守时的经典例句 She is always punctual, but her friend Mary is always late.她总是很守时，可是她的朋友玛丽总是迟到。考点聚焦1）派生词：punctuality n. 严守时刻, 准时；punctually adv. 准时地2）punctual adj. 准时的；守时的，主语常常是人。如：You should be punctual for the class.你应该准时去上课。He is always punctual in answering letters.他总是按期回信。
