1、Unit 4 Body languageSection Grammar&Writing 现在分词作状语第一板块单元语法(教材 P26).I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.(教材 P26)I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.(教材 P26)She stepped back appearing surprised.(教材 P26)Then Akira Nagata from Japan came
2、 in smiling,together with George Cook from Canada.(教材P26)When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door.Turning around,she saw an ambulance driving away.The old scientist died all of a sudden,leaving the project unfinished.Hearing the news,they jumped for joy.Having smoked too much,he
3、 has suffered from lung cancer.黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是_；作时间状语的是_；作结果状语的是_；作原因状语的是_。、一、现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随状况。1作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)Walking in the park,she saw an old friend.When/While(she was)walking in the park,she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。温馨提示当 表 示 正
4、在 进 行 的 动 作 时，可 直 接 在 分 词 前 面 加 上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2作原因状语(一般可转换成由 as 或 because 引导的原因状语从句)Being ill,he couldnt go to school.As he was ill,he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他无法去上学。3作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加 if,unless 等连词)Working hard,youll make great progress.If you work hard,youll make great progress.如果
5、你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。4作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The plate dropped from her hands,breaking into pieces.盘子从她手中掉了下来，摔成了碎片。温馨提示现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加 thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加 only。试比较：He was caught in the rain,thus making himself catch cold.被雨
6、淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。温馨提示为强调动词-ing 形式表达的
7、意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上 when,while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上 before,after，强调动作先后发生；加上 thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。Though knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。二、现在分词作状语注意事项1现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking in th
8、e street,I met an old friend of mine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking 和谓语动词 met 同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having finished the letter,he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished 是先发生的，went 是后发生的)2现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the fa
9、ctory,they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。3动词-ing 形式的否定式：notv.-ing;not havingv.-edNot knowing this,he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4独立主格动词-in
10、g 形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。The trees are extremely tall,some measuring over 90 metres.那些树非常高，其中一些测量为 90 多米。The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.由于天气好，我们去散步了。5现在分词作评注性状语有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”；judgin
11、g by/from.“从判断”；taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour,he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。.单句语法填空1(2019全国卷)On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_(listen)to musicians and me
12、eting interesting locals.2Not _(know)what to do,the children had to wait for their parents to come back.3_(hear)the signal,people ran out of the building.listening knowing Hearing 4_(judge)from the appearance,it is very peaceful,but in fact,a war will break out soon.5The decision _(make),what is to
13、be done now is how to carry it out.6_(work)harder at English,youll make greater progress.7_exploring the cave,they found a valuable mineral.Judging having been made Working When 8It _(be)Sunday,many people go to the gymnasium to do physical exercises.9_(look)out through the window,we saw a beautiful
14、 scenery.10The case shocked the public,_cause)a hot debate over human nature on the Internet.being Looking causing.单句写作1就个人而言，我满意你的表现。_，Im satisfied with your performance.2这位影星想迅速离开，却被他的粉丝包围了。The film star intended to leave quickly,_.3全世界都踢足球，因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。Football is played all over the world,_.P
15、ersonally speaking only to be surroundedby his fans making it a popular sport 4因为没有顾客，他们关了店门。_，they closed the store.5我站在门旁，一句话不敢说。I stood by the door,_.6尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。_,he still couldnt succeed.There being no customers not daring to say a word Having tried many times.语法填空Hong Kong Ocean Park,1.(op
16、en)in 1977,is located on the south end of Hong Kong Island.It 2.(cover)3.area of 69 hectares,4.(make)it the 5.(large)ocean park in the world.The park has all 6.(kind)of facilities,7.not only offer people a place 8.(see)all kinds of living animals in the ocean but play many 9.(excite)games as well.Wh
17、at 10.(make)us more pleased is that Pandas Jiajia and Anan from the mainland are also living in the park.Therefore,Hong Kong Ocean Park is the most popular theme park in the world.答案：1.opened 2.covers 3.an 4.making 5.largest6.kinds 7.which 8.to see 9.exciting 10.makes关注信第二板块单元写作文体感知关注信(letter of con
18、cern)属于应用文的范畴。关注信是作者就某一个问题或一些现象，表达自己对事件的关心，并提出自己的一些看法和解决办法。其基本结构为：开头：简单介绍写信的缘由；主体：针对对方问题(如生病等)进行有针对性的鼓励和安慰，并适当提出自己的建议；结尾：简单的希望或祝福。增分佳句1No matter how hard the problem is,it will be solved.不管问题有多严重，都会被解决的。2I suggest that we should have a law that tells people not to leave rubbish on beaches.我建议我们应该有告诉
19、人们不要在海边乱扔垃圾的法律规定。3So,as a reader,I suggest that you make some necessary changes as soon as possible so that the library can benefit more people.因此，作为一名读者，我建议您应该尽快做出一些必要的改变，以便让更多的人受益。4Second,some books are not placed in order,making it difficult for readers to find what they want quickly.第二，有些书没有按顺序摆
20、放，这让读者很难快速找到他们想要的图书。5The best way to get rid of/of getting rid of bad mood is to learn to share it with your friends.消除坏情绪的最好方法是能和朋友共同承担。6I noticed that you seemed very upset this morning.今天早晨我注意到你看上去很难过。7Its true that attitude decides everything.So you should never give up no matter what happens.态度
21、决定一切，所以不管发生什么都不要放弃。8If I can be of any help,please dont hesitate to let me know.如有需帮助的地方务必让我知道。写作要求假设你是李华，你所在城市的交通拥挤问题日趋严重，交通事故时有发生，特别是在上下班高峰时段。请根据以下提示，用英语给市政府写一封信，反映交通状况并提出自己的建议。提示：1反映交通状况；2提出改善建议；3希望和祝福。注意：1可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2词数 100 左右。审题谋篇体裁应用文(关注信)时态 一般现在时主题公益事业人称第一人称结构首段：反映问题；中段：提出建议；尾段：希望和祝福。遣词造句
22、(一)普通表达1众所周知，我市的交通问题正变得越来越严重，尤其是高峰时段。_,especially during the rush hours.(as 引导非限制性定语从句)As is known to us,the traffic problem in our city is becoming more and more serious2每天很多车在路上行驶。_.3其中的一些车况不好的车辆在路上运行，司机很难通过。Some of them are _to go across.4到了我们市政府必须采取有效措施来解决这一问题的时候了。_ the city government took some
23、 effective measures to solve the problem.Many cars are running on the roads every day in bad condition and it is difficult for thedrivers Its high time that 5首先，很多路需要加宽修缮。Firstly,many roads_.6其次，我们需要修建立交桥来缓解交通堵塞。Secondly,we need to build overpasses_.7需要严格控制私家车的数量。_must be strictly controlled.need to
24、 be widened and repaired so as to cut down trafficjams The number of private cars 8只要我们采取上述措施，我相信交通问题会得到解决，交通事故会得到控制。_，Im sure the traffic problem will be solved and the traffic accidents will be controlled.9我希望政府会接受我的建议。I hope_.As long as we take the above measures our government will accept my sug
25、gestions(二)高级表达1用 what 引导主语从句改写 1_.2用“some of which”引导的定语从句连接 2、3_.3用 do 强调 9_.What is known to us is that the traffic problem in our city is becoming more and more serious,especially during the rush hoursMany cars are running on the roads every day,some of which are in bad condition and it is diffi
26、cult for the drivers to go acrossI do hope our government will accept my suggestions妙笔成篇One possible version：Dear Sir/Madam，Im writing to reflect the traffic situation of our city.What is known to us is that the traffic problem in our city is becoming more and more serious,especially during the rush
27、 hours.Many cars are running on the roads every day,some of which are in bad condition and it is difficult for the drivers to go across.Its high time that the city government took some effective measures to solve the problem.Firstly,many roads need to be widened and repaired.Secondly,we need to buil
28、d overpasses so as to cut down traffic jams.Thirdly,the number of private cars must be strictly controlled.As long as we take the above measures,Im sure the traffic problem will be solved and the traffic accidents will be controlled.And I do hope our government will accept my suggestions.Yours，Li Hua word部分：请做：课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块
