1、普通高中教科书第四册选择性必修普通高中教科书第一册选择性必修第一册选择性必修主 编：陈 琳北京普通高中教科书主 编：陈 琳副 主 编：张连仲编 者：刘 晓 李陆桂 张京生 钱建源 徐 浩 雷传利 （按照姓氏笔画排序）项目策划：王 芳 王 勇项目负责：张黎新 郎 崧 张 涛基础教育出版分社：地 址：北京市西三环北路 19 号 外研社大厦 基础教育出版分社(100089)咨询电话：(010)88819117/88819688 传 真：(010)88819423本教材是外语教学与研究出版社根据教育部制定的普通高中英语课程标准（2017 年版），在充分调研和科学论证的基础上推出的中小学“一条龙”英语教
2、材英语（新标准）的高中部分。本教材的主编为北京外国语大学陈琳教授，副主编为张连仲教授，编写团队包括国内高校的知名专家学者、教研人员和一线教师。陈琳教授秉承周恩来总理提出的“一条龙”外语教学理念，总结自己从事外语教育工作 70 年的经验，提出了符合中国外语教育实践的教育理论辩证实践外语教育途径，并在英语（新标准）教材中贯彻实施。根据教育部 2017 年新课程标准的精神，我们启动了英语（新标准）高中教材的修订工作。本次修订全面依托新课程标准要求，坚持陈琳教授的特色理论，由陈琳教授、张连仲教授指导编写团队，在充分考虑我国英语教育实际学情和教情的前提下，进行了全面的框架重建和内容设计，保证了理论与实践
3、的紧密结合。英语（新标准）高中教材共分 10 册：13 册为必修课程教材，47 册为选择性必修课程教材，810 册为选修课程中的提高类教材。选择性必修课程教材与必修课程教材形成递进关系，进一步夯实基础，为学生的深度发展与进阶做好准备，既适应今后高考的普遍要求，也能够适应学生今后人生和职业发展的语言需求。英语（新标准）选择性必修课程教材的主要特色如下：一、坚持立德树人根本任务。在教材的选材、内容、语言等各个方面突出学科的育人本质，帮助学生更好地培育中国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，形成正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。二、突出学科核心素养的重要性，全面培养学生的语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习
4、能力，帮助学生逐步形成正确的价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。三、坚持理论与实践的辩证关系。从语言实践的角度设计教材的主题架构、内容结构直至每一项具体活动，确保有实践、可实践，并通过实践促进提升，帮助学生形成素养，发展素养。四、遵循“理解发展实践”的原则，以“主题”为纲设计单元任务，重要题材在各册教材中均得到体现，且内容逐步扩展加深、螺旋式上升，符合语言教学规律。五、语篇题材多样、体裁丰富，语言地道鲜活、难度适中，符合学生的兴趣特点，同时能够提升学生的语篇意识，丰富语言感知与学习体验。六、活动设计紧密围绕主题语境，更加突出综合技能的整合训练，充分体现了英语学习活动观；同时强调交际情境的真实性和丰富
5、性，帮助学生掌握语言技能、建构完善的知识基础，在实践中逐步形成交际能力，培养在获取信息、处理信息、重构信息过程中的逻辑思维、多元思维和批判性思维。七、强调学习策略的培养，鼓励学生通过体验、实践、讨论、合作、探究等方式，利用各种学习资源完成学习任务、解决学习中的困难；同时鼓励学生在学习过程中及时进行自我反思和评价，进一步提升自主学习能力。八、突出文化意识（尤其是跨文化意识）的建构与发展。通过介绍及比较中外文化，帮助学生更好地理解文化异同，学会理解和包容不同文化，提升道路自信、文化自信，将文化知识内化为正确的文化价值观和有利于国家和个人发展的跨文化态度与意识。九、为教师编写了流程清晰、内容丰富的教
6、师用书，帮助教师快速理解教材内容和相关背景知识，明确教学目标，掌握教学节奏；同时开发了配套的网络教材和其他多媒体配套资源，丰富课程资源，拓展教学模式。我们希望，英语（新标准）高中选择性必修课程教材能够进一步培养学生的语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力等英语学科核心素养，为他们继续学习英语和终身发展打下坚实的基础。英语（新标准）系列教材高中阶段编委会前 言Scope and sequenceUnitStarting outUnderstanding ideasUsing languageGrammarIntegrated skillsP1Laugh out loud!Video:Comedy
7、 through the agesThe best medicineNon-definingattributiveclausesFun time!Functions:Telling a storyMaking commentsProject:Writing and performing a comedy sketch P73P13Onwards and upwardsVideo:Success in the face of hardshipWe regret to inform you-ing and to-infinitive as objectLooking on the bright s
8、ideFunctions:Showing concernComforting peopleProject:Telling the story of an inspiring person P74P25Faster,higher,strongerVideo:Three major world sports eventsThe road to success-ing as subjectSports role modelsFunctions:Agreeing/DisagreeingGiving an explanationProject:Organising a fun sports meet P
9、75P37Meeting the muse Video:The man who wanted to know everythingWhat inspires you?to-infinitive,-ing and-ed as predicativeArt exhibitionsFunction:Talking about anartworkLearning to learn:Compound adjectivesProject:Creating an artwork P76P49Revealing natureVideo:How seeds travelA journey of discover
10、yPast perfectBiodiversityFunctions:Checking background knowledgeAdding informationProject:Giving an introduction to a natural history museum P77P61Nurturing natureVideo:UNESCO World Heritage SitesThe sky railwayPresent perfect continuousTourism and the environmentFunctions:Persuading othersCompromis
11、ingProject:Making a natural heritage brochure P78Appendices Learning aidP81 VocabularyP113 Words and expressionsP107 Names and placesP120Developing ideasPresentingideasReadingWritingThe importance of humourLearning to learn：Punch linesWriting about a comedianDoing a stand-up comedy actThree days to
12、see(excerpts)Learning to learn:ParallelismWriting about an experienceDebating ways to succeedThe return of the championsLearning to learn:Setting a sceneWriting about a sporting momentDebating the importance of winningArt and technologyVideo:From paintbrush to lensWriting an invitationLearning to le
13、arn:Formal invitationsGiving a presentation about art in daily lifeThe secret language of plantsLearning to learn:PersonificationWriting an observational journalRecommending a nature documentaryThe best job in the worldVideo:Saving the reefLearning to learn:TransitionsWriting a job advertisementDeba
14、ting whether natural heritage sites should be open to the publicReflection同学们，欢迎大家继续英语（新标准）高中教材的学习！经过必修课程教材的学习，大家已经打下了更为扎实的英语基础，达到了高中英语学业质量水平一的要求。现在大家应根据升学或就业的需要，对自己的学习目标提出更高的要求。由教育部制定并颁布的普通高中英语课程标准（2017 年版）明确规定：普通高中英语课程作为一门学习及运用英语语言的课程，与义务教育阶段的课程相衔接，旨在为学生继续学习英语和终身发展打下良好基础。普通高中英语课程强调对学生语言能力、文化意识、思维品
15、质和学习能力的综合培养。这就是同学们在高中阶段学习英语的方向和目标。要达到这个目标，需要大家的主观努力，也需要一套适应更高更广的语言学习需求的教材。英语（新标准）高中选择性必修课程教材在延续了必修课程教材的基础上，为有升学要求或有个性化发展需求的学生设计，在话题内容、语言理论、语言技能、跨文化意识、思维能力、学习能力等方面，都提出了更高的要求，延伸出了如下特点：一、作为必修课程教材的延续，选择性必修课程教材的话题选择更注意广度和深度，既关注话题的现实意义，又关注语言学习的思想内涵，充分反映语言的发展和社会的进步，力求培养同学们的文化意识和思维能力。二、选择性必修课程教材具体语篇内容的选择将会引
16、导大家进入英语语言学习的较高阶段。课文中不但会出现更有挑战性的阅读篇章，同时还会根据每个单元的主题补充更多语篇供大家阅读并赏析，提高语言水平和鉴赏能力。三、思维方面，选择性必修课程教材对高阶思维做了更多要求，且对思维过程的启动、运行和开展均做了更多的过程分解与清晰化设计，更强调基于同学们头脑中已有的内容及其再加工，与新的语言和内容输入相结合，产生更丰富、更复杂的认知互动，深化思维发展活动。四、在新课标规定的英语学习活动观的指导下，遵循“理解发展实践”的原则，对活动的要求进一步提升，在“功能运用”板块中，将原有的词汇和听力部分整合成综合语言运用活动，通过创设符合单元主题的话题，设计一系列首尾呼应
17、、前后紧密关联的活动串，灵活融入听、说、读、看、写等各项技能的训练，兼顾学习策略、功能和文化的引导与思考，帮助大家全方位提升综合语言运用水平。五、根据该阶段教学特点、教学内容和教学要求，充分遵循循序渐进的原则，强调对义务教育阶段和高中必修阶段语言知识的复现、综合练习与重新认识，以形成内化的语用能力。六、在呈现更为丰富多彩的文化现象的同时，更加强调中外文化对比，尤其是中国文化、中国故事、中国传统价值观和世界问题的中国视角的介绍，让大家更好地理解文化异同，形成正确的文化价值观和有利于国家、个人发展的跨文化态度与意识。七、在单元学习的过程中帮助大家总结学习成果，发现问题并及时解决，最后通过对单元主题
18、、语言、文化思维等多方面提出问题，帮助大家写出自我反思日志，既完成了对学习目标、语言知识和技能、思维品质、文化意识等维度的自我评价和总结，更显性体现了学习和思维的过程，帮助大家进一步培养自主学习和反思总结的能力。我们衷心希望，同学们能够通过学习本教材，了解到更加丰富的信息，在理解祖国文化、坚定文化自信的同时，发展跨文化交流能力，更好地适应宽广的世界。愿英语（新标准）伴随同学们度过有意义的高中时代！致 同 学Laugh out loud!UNIT1 You tell a joke,which none of your friends find funny.How do you react?a L
19、augh anyway and apologise for your sense of humour.b Tell the joke again,but louder and more slowly.c Criticise your friends sense of humour and walk off.2 Its a Saturday afternoon and youre not doing much.A friend calls and invites you on an adventure to explore a new town.What do you say?a“Of cour
20、se!Ill be ready in fifteen minutes!”b“Sounds interesting.Tell me more about it.”c“No,thanks.Maybe next time.”3 You and some friends get lost in an area youve never been to before.What do you do?a Lift the mood with a joke and explore the area.b Stay positive and try to find your way back.c Show ever
21、yone you are worried and complain.4 You receive a birthday present from a friend,but when you open the box its empty.How do you feel?a Think it is a good joke and laugh about it.b Feel hurt,but try to laugh about it.c Get angry and tell your friend it is a silly joke.5 Youre skateboarding with a fri
22、end and he falls over in a dramatic way.What do you do?a Laugh loudly non-stop because its so funny!b Check if hes OK and make him feel better with a joke.c Help him get back up and avoid mentioning his fall.Turn to Page 84 to find out your result.are you fun to be with?1Watch the video and answer t
23、he questions.1 What forms of comedy are mentioned in the video?2 Have you ever been to a comedy show?Share your experience with the class.2Complete the questionnaire and find out if you are fun to be with.Starting out 11Look at the pictures and tick the places where you would expect to see a clown.N
24、ow share what you know about clowns with the class.2Read the passage and find out what is special about this clowns job.a private garden a busy street an amusement park a circus a hospital a theatre1As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat,I look just like any other doctor.That is until I pu
25、t on my curly rainbow wig,big red nose,and add my name badge“Doctor Larry Laugh-Out-Loud”.I walk through the doors into the waiting area,where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs,looking through old magazines,all of which have been read hund
26、reds of times previously.Anxious parents do what they can to comfort nervous and crying children.2In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size.I speak with the on-duty nurse,who tells me that Laras parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell o
27、ff her bicycle.Since getting here,Lara has spent her time crying in pain.Although its the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury,its my job to make her feel better.3Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better,which means clown doctors can be helpful.We a
28、re specially trained clowns who Understanding ideas2UNIT 12work as part of a programme known as“hospital clowning”.I chose this career because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid.Although the doctors and nurses did a great job,hospitals werent really designed for children.I spent
29、much of the time when I was there feeling frightened and more than a little bored!Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them.4 Visiting hospitals and other health care facilities,we clown doctors work together with medical professionals.On a typical day,we spend our time cheer
30、ing up patients,their families,and more often than not,the hospital staff,too!We do this by doing magic tricks,singing songs,telling stories and,of course,telling silly jokes.Some children,though,dont feel like laughing,especially if theyre in pain.We have to be very sensitive and work closely with
31、the doctors and nurses,who keep us updated on each patient.5And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick.While the doctor concentrates on examining Laras ankle,I get her attention by doing a magic trick.Although she is clearly still in some pain,her scared and anxious look has been replace
32、d first by a small smile,and then by loud laughter as I“magically”produce her sock from out of my pocket.Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Laras parentsmore relaxed.6And as for me?Well,when I take off my wig and my red nose,Im still wearing a big smile,as I remember all the fun
33、and laughter of the day.While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and others,I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place to visit.After all,it really is true that“laughter is the best medicine”.Laugh out loud!33Match the questions to the paragraphs and find out the answe
34、rs.a Which patient is in need of the clown doctors attention and why?b What is a clown doctor and why did the author choose to be one?c How does the author feel after a days work?d What are the responsibilities of a clown doctor?e How does the clown doctor help the patient?f What does this clown doc
35、tor wear and what is his working environment like?4Organise information from the passage and complete the job advertisement.Think Share&1 How important do you think clown doctors are?2 What is your understanding of the saying“laughter is the best medicine”?Do you agree with it?Why?3 Would you like t
36、o work as a clown doctor?Why or why not?4 How does the diagram in Activity 5 help you to better understand the passage?wear white coatstrain as actorsMedicaldoctorsCl wndoctorsneed medical training SimilaritiesClown Doctors Wanted!EmployerThe Healthy Humour FoundationJob Clown Doctor(part-time)Respo
37、nsibilities visit hospitals and other 1_ on a weekly basis entertain young patients who are feeling 2_ cheer up the patients,their families and 3_ sing songs,tell stories and jokes,and do 4_ help make the hospital 5_ Send your CV to:5Complete the diagram comparing clown doctors and medical doctors.4
38、UNIT 14Non-defining attributive clauses2Read the passage and rewrite the tips usingnon-defining attributive clauses.Add more tips to the list if you can.4Think of a joke you find funny and write it down using non-defining attributive clauses where appropriate.Then share your joke with the class.3Com
39、plete the joke with the sentence parts in the box using who/which and put commas in the correct position.has lost his patience by now he thinks will impress Holmes is lying next to him he finds annoying Achieving a positive state of mind isnt easy for everyone.But there are ways to maintain a health
40、y mind even during times of difficulty.Go for a walk in the countryside.There you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.Spend time with your family and friends.This will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.Try to accept your mistakes.You can learn a lot throug
41、h them.Close your eyes and picture the future.Youve made your dreams come true.SECRETS TO HAPPINESSOne day,Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping.They put up their tent under the stars and go to sleep.Suddenly,in the middle of the night,Watson is woken up by Holmes 1_.“Watson,”Holmes says,“look up
42、 at the stars,and tell me what they tell you.”Not quite sure what he means,Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2_ at this time of night.Even so,he replies,“I see millions of stars and its quite likely there are some planets like Earth.And if so,this means that there might also be life on other planets.”W
43、atson is pleased with his answer 3_.But Holmes 4_ shouts,“Watson,look around you!Use your eyes!Somebodys stolen our tent!”a I walk through the doors into the waiting area,where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.b laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better,which means cl
44、own doctors can be helpful.c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened1Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.1 What do“where”,“which”and“when”refer to in each sentence?2 Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with ex
45、tra information?If you take away the clauses,do the sentences still make sense?3 Which clauses are separated by a comma,the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information?Now look for more sentences with non-defining attributive clauses in the reading passage,and summarise their
46、uses in your own words.Using languageLaugh out loud!5Fun time!6Match the expressions you have completed in Activity 5 to their meanings.5Listen and complete the conversations.Now work in groups and think of more expressions about laughter.7Work in pairs.Discuss other situations in which you could us
47、e these expressions.Why are you grinning from 1_?Ive won a free cinema ticket.Cool!What are you going to watch?My Crazy Family.Have you seen it?Yes!I laughed my 2_.Youll enjoy it!I really dont get Harry.Why?Is he still not talking to you?No.Today,he was all 3_.He asked me to help him with that websi
48、te of his.Really?What did you say?Well,I said yes.We all deserve a second chance,I guess.Whats the matter?Why the long face?Yesterday,I stepped on a banana skin and fell over in front of the whole class.Thats so funny!I was the 4_ stock of the class.Even my teacher cracked 5_!:a person that everyone
49、 laughs at because they have done something funny or silly :to look friendly and happy,especially when other people are not expecting you to :to look extremely happy because you are very pleased about something :to smile slightly :to laugh very loudly and for a long time6UNIT 168Listen to the radio
50、programme and choose the pictures mentioned.9Listen again and complete the notes.10Complete the boxes with expressions from the radio programme.?Did You Know April Fools Day is on 1 April.Its the one day of the year when people in many parts of the world play practical jokes on each other.Even newsp
51、apers,radio and TV stations play tricks on their readers and audiences.The jokes traditionally last until noon in the UK.But in some other countries,such as the US,they can last all day!baNow work in pairs.Discuss which of the practical jokes you think is funny.Lets start with I dont get it.Now,my f
52、avourite one.Its a good one!Thats so funny!I can imagine!Telling a storyMaking commentscd11Work in pairs.Tell each other a funny story and make comments using the expressions in this section.Now give feedback on each others stories and help your partner to improve theirs.Joke 1 Year:1698 Main story:
53、A newsletter reported people going to watch 1_ at the Tower of London.The joke was played on visitors throughout the 2_.Joke 2 Year:3_ Main story:The 4_ introduced an invention called Smellovision.It allowed 5_ over the airwaves.Joke 3 Year:6_ Main story:A news programme told viewers that the spaghe
54、tti trees in Switzerland were having 7_.Laugh out loud!71Humour has been an essential part of human behaviour for thousands of years.There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece,and medieval writings are filled with jokes.While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then,the
55、ir authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.2Closer to modern times,someone who is remembered for his ability to combine humour with more serious messages is American writer,Mark Twain.Twains particular style of writing is funny
56、and often mischievous.For example,in his classic novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,he famously says,“Writing is easy.All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.”But he is equally well known for his witty remarks in his everyday interactions with people.For instance,while on a lecturing tour of
57、 the United States,Twain went into a barbers shop to get a haircut and a shave.The barber,not recognising him,asked if he had a ticket to the lecture.When Twain replied that he didnt,the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand,as there were no seats left in the th
58、eatre.Twains response was,“Thats just my luck.I always have to stand when that fellow lectures!”3Like Twain,but on the other side of the world,Lin Yutang was soon to become famous for his unique brand of humour.A well-known bilingual writer,Lin brought the concept of humour to modern Chinese literat
59、ure.In 1924,he creatively borrowed“youmo”from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the English word“humour”.“Youmo”is still being used in this way today.1Read the short introductions to Mark Twain and Lin Yutang and share what else you know about them with the class.2Read the passage and find out
60、Mark Twain and Lins attitude towards humour.Developing ideasMark Twain(18351910)was an American writer,humorist,lecturer and adventurer,who acquired international fame for his travel narratives,in particular The Innocents Abroad,and for his adventure stories of boyhood,such as The Adventures of Tom
61、Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.He is regarded as one of North Americas best and most beloved writers due to his wit and satire.Lin Yutang(18951976)was a Chinese writer,translator,linguist,philosopher and inventor.His informal but sophisticated style of writing,in both Chinese and English,
62、made him one of the most influential writers of his generation.His most famous works include My Country and My People and The Importance of Living.Hes also known as a wise and witty populariser of Chinese philosophy and the Chinese way of life.8UNIT 184Lins quick wit helped make him famous as a mast
63、er of humour.Once,having been invited to dinner at a university,he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech.Thinking on his feet,Lin started to tell a story about a cruel Roman emperor who tried to feed a man to wild animals.First came a lion.The man whispered somet
64、hing in the lions ear,after which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily.Then along came a tiger.Again,the man whispered in the tigers ear.The tiger looked shocked and hurried away.“What did you say to my animals?”said the emperor,astonished.“I told them they had to make a speech after ea
65、ting me for dinner.”Lins audience roared with laughter.With this little joke,Lin was able to make people laugh,while gently telling off the president.5Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isnt just about laughter,but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate the world.Lin even
66、created an equation to explain this concept:Reality+Dreams+Humour=Wisdom.Living and working with others can sometimes be complicated,and humour makes this easier.Sharing jokes and laughing together can bring individuals and even communities together.Indeed,some may argue that our need for humour is
67、almost as great as our need for water and air.In the words of Mark Twain,“Humor is mankinds greatest blessing”.of HumourImportanceTheLaugh out loud!93Organise information from the passage and complete the diagram.4Work in groups.Discuss and present your opinion of the equation from the passage.Think
68、 Share&1 Why is Lin Yutangs joke about the man and wild animals funny?2 Do you agree with Mark Twains remark on humour at the end of the passage?Give your reasons.3 How can a sense of humour help you in your daily life?Give an example.4 In what ways do the two reading passages in this unit help you
69、to better understand the meaning of having a light-hearted attitude towards life?A punch line concludes a joke and is intended to make people laugh.In a broader sense,a punch line can also refer to the unexpected and funny conclusion of any performance,situation or story.Learning to learn1 Work out
70、the meaning of this equation.Consider the following:What is your understanding of“reality”and“dreams”?What is the function of“humour”in this equation?What is your understanding of“wisdom”?2 Decide whether you agree with Lins definition of wisdom.Think of examples to support your opinion and make not
71、es.3 Share your opinion with the class.Now think about your performance in this activity.What contribution did you make to your group?How could you improve your performance?Reality+Dreams+Humour=WisdomIntroductionHumour is an essential part of 1_.Authors have used it to 2_,and throw new light on 3_.
72、Mark TwainRemembered for:ability to 4_ with more 5_ Writing style:6_Example:7_Also well known for his witty remarks Example:8_Lin YutangFamous for his unique brand of humourEvidence:9_Quick wit helped make him famous as 10_Example:11_ConclusionHumour is a 12_ and a tool that can be used to 13_.10UNI
73、T 110105Read the blog post and match the headings to the paragraphs.Writing about a comedian6Read the blog post again.Find the information:an example of the actors works a reason why the actor is one of the best a funny scene a famous character played by the actor the authors comments on the actor7C
74、hoose a comedian who makes you laugh.Think of the information you want to include and complete the notes below.Charlie Chaplins Unique Acting StyleThe Power of Charlie Chaplins WorksMy Favourite Charlie Chaplin FilmGeneral Introduction to Charlie ChaplinCharlieChaplinsLegacyGeneral introduction:Why
75、I like him/her:His/Her funniest work:My comments:Now write an introduction to this comedian.8Work in pairs.Make improvements to each others introductions and share them with the class.Post your writing on your social media.1 Charlie Chaplin was a British actor,filmmaker and composer.He became famous
76、 in the 1910s,when films were silent and in black and white.2 Charlie Chaplin was one of the best comedy actors of his time because he knew how to use his body and facial features to make people laugh.In my opinion,the funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way he walked when he was acting as
77、the Tramp,who is his most famous character.The Tramp is a poor man with a kind heart who has unexpected adventures.These adventures,often involving the police,are usually the funniest scenes.3 My favourite Charlie Chaplin film is Modern Times and my favourite scene is in the factory where Charlie Ch
78、aplin is working on a production line.When a bee starts circling around Charlies face,he falls behind with his work.Its so funny to watch him trying to keep up!4 I think the power of Charlie Chaplins works is not only in his acting,but also in the stories and characters he created.The Tramp is a sym
79、bol of the silent cinema and even after so many years,he is still able to make people laugh.Laugh out loud!113Write the script for your act and complete the table.Add useful expressions and structures you can think of.1Work in groups.Think about the stand-up comedy acts you have seen and answer the
80、questions.1 What were the main topics of these acts?2 How many people were there on the stage?3 How did they make the audience laugh?4 Were any props used?2Prepare your own comedy act.Consider the following:way(s)of presenting:storytelling/joke telling/audience interaction/mime.the punch line(s)of y
81、our stories/jokes the opening and closing:make it surprising/exciting/funny.the topic of your comedy act:personal experience/social event/popular culture.Presenting ideasWrite a reflection after completing this unit.Consider the following:1 What is your understanding of a good sense of humour?2 What
82、 text types have you learnt about?What are their features?3 What words,expressions and structures have you learnt?4 What improvement have you made in understanding different cultures?5 What improvement have you made in using learning strategies and exploring effective ways of learning?6 What improve
83、ment have you made in analysing and solving problems?Reflection OpeningMain bodyClosing4Choose a group member to be a stand-up comedian and help them to perform the comedy act you have written.Think of actions or props to include.5Perform in front of the whole class and vote for the best act.12UNIT
84、11212Onwards and upwards1Watch the video and answer the questions.1 Who are the people mentioned in the video and what are their achievements?2 What made them successful?2Listen and read the poem.Answer the questions.1 What is the key message of the poem?2 Which of lifes difficulties are mentioned i
85、n the poem?What is your understanding of the line“Success is failure turned inside out”?3 Do you like the poem?Give your reasons.Dont quitDont quitWhen things go wrong as they sometimes will,When the road youre trudging seems all uphill,When the funds are low and the debts are high,And you want to s
86、mile,but you have to sigh,When care is pressing you down a bit,Rest if you must,but dont you quit.Life is queer with its twists and turns,As every one of us sometimes learns,And many a failure turns about,When he might have won had he stuck it out;Dont give up though the pace seems slow You may succ
87、eed with another blow.Success is failure turned inside out The silver tint of the clouds of doubt,And you never can tell just how close you are,It may be near when it seems so far;So stick to the fight when youre hardest hit Its when things seem worst that you must not quit.(Excerpts from“Dont quit”
88、by Edgar Albert Guest)UNITStarting out 131Research these writers online and match them to the information.1 has the same birthday as his/her most famous character:31 July.2 may have written and hidden several unpublished works.3 had to pay to have his/her poetry published.Now share anything else you
89、 know about these writers with the class.2Read the passage and find out what problems the writers overcame.1“We regret to inform you.”These are the words that every writer dreads receiving,but words every writer knows well.The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and rea
90、ds it,their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence.You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your lifes work,yet still this is often not enough.Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight,but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful wri
91、ters have previously faced rejection.2Take for example J.K.Rowling.When she received her first rejection letter,she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers,and stuck it on her kitchen wall.Rowling had spent years surviving on little money,spending all her tim
92、e writing.When she finally finished her first book,she received comments from publishers along the lines of“too difficult for children”,“too long”,“Children would not be interested in it”.Nevertheless,she persevered.“I wasnt going to give up until every single publisher turned J.D.SalingerEmily Bron
93、tJ.K.RowlingUnderstanding ideas14UNIT 2me down,but I often feared that would happen,”she later posted.After a total of twelve rejections,one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book,and as we know,Harry Potter became a global success,with over 400 million books sold and tran
94、slated into more than seventy different languages.3All too often writers of great works have had to face criticism along with rejection.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school,but later struggled to get his works published.“We feel that we dont know the central character well enoug
95、h”was the criticism he received on his manuscript for The Catcher in the Rye.Despite rejections from several publishers,J.D.Salinger refused to give up.Even when serving in the US Army during the Second World War,he carried six chapters of The Catcher in the Rye with him and worked on the novel thro
96、ughout his war service.When it was eventually published,the book became an immediate best-seller and went on to sell millions and millions of copies.4Perhaps the overall prize for perseverance should go to three sisters from Victorian England who dreamt of seeing their words in print.This,however,wa
97、s a time when women were not encouraged to become writers.As the then Poet Laureate,Robert Southey,wrote to one of them:“Literature cannot be the business of a womans life,and it ought not to be.”Nevertheless,the sisters didnt stop trying.Their response was to write a book of poems under male names.
98、Even when the book sold only two copies,the sisters still didnt give up.They started writing novels,and today Charlotte Bronts Jane Eyre,Emily Bronts Wuthering Heights and Anne Bronts Agnes Grey are regarded as classics of world literature.In fact,it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find
99、 these words:“I honour endurance,perseverance,industry,talent;because these are the means by which men achieve great ends”5So,it seems that talent alone isnt enough to guarantee success.While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part,perseverance is the key.Keep trying and eventually you wi
100、ll read the words“We are delighted to inform you”Onwards and upwards153Choose another suitable title for the passage and give your reasons.1 Life Is Hard for Female Writers2 Good Things Come to Those Who Wait3 Never Give Up on Your Dreams4 Successful Writers4Organise information from the passage and
101、 complete the diagram.Now read the sentences from the passage and answer the questions.Think Share&1 What can you learn from these writers?2 Have you read any books by these writers?Recommend one to your classmates.3 Do you know of any other writer who had similar experiences?Share their stories wit
102、h the class.4 What words and expressions from the passage have you used to tell these stories?Example Writer:Best known for:Experience of rejection:Eventual outcome:Example Writer:Best known for:Experience of rejection:Eventual outcome:Example Writers:Best known for:Experience of rejection:Eventual
103、outcome:132“We regret to inform you”“We are delighted to inform you”1 What might come next in each sentence?2 Which paragraph does each of the sentences come from?Why does the author use them like this within the passage?ConclusionIntroduction16UNIT 21Look at the sentences and answer the questions.S
104、entences(a),(c)and(e)are from the reading passage.-ing and to-infinitive as objectAt the age of ten,Liu Wei lost both his arms in an accident.Despite this,he wanted 1 (live)life to the full.He learnt 2 (use)his feet for everyday activities,such as eating and brushing his teeth.He also started 3 (swi
105、m)and won two gold medals at the National Games for People with Disabilities.When he had to stop 4 (swim)due to health problems,he decided 5 (learn)how to play the piano with his toes.It was difficult,but he kept 6 (practise)until he had achieved his goal.In 2010,he won in Chinas Got Talent and beca
106、me famous nationwide.Today,Liu Wei still enjoys 7 (play)music,and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all.3Write a report based on the interview with the words in the box.admit decide enjoy fail regret want4Work in pairs.Share a story of your own about overcoming challenges using the words
107、 and structures in this section where appropriate.Many students choose to take a camping programme during the summer holiday,aiming at building character and developing physical fitness.Today,were with camper Jamie Wells.Hi,Jamie.Could you share your experience with us?Sure.I joined the sports camp
108、because I like to challenge myself.I also like to meet new friends.The camp was fun,but not without its challenges!Each day began with a 5-kilometer cross-country run at 6 am!At first I couldnt finish the whole route.On the fourth day,I was so tired that I even didnt want to get out of bed.I felt ho
109、mesick and almost phoned my dad to take me home.But I didnt give up.Things soon got better.I felt I had become stronger and more confident and had made new friends.Even though being a camper has its challenges,I feel it is worthwhile.2Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in bracke
110、ts.Using languagea J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school,b J.D.Salinger started to write short stories in high school,c Nevertheless,the sisters didnt stop trying.d Nevertheless,the sisters didnt stop to try.e These are the words that every writer dreads receiving,1 Do sentences(
111、a)and(b)have the same meaning?2 Do sentences(c)and(d)have the same meaning?3 Can“receiving”in sentence(e)be changed into“to receive”?Now look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage,and summarise their uses in your own words.Onwards and upwards17Looking on the bright side7Rea
112、d the passage and answer the questions.6Put the expressions in Activity 5 into the boxes.Add any more you can think of.PositiveNegative5Listen to the conversations and match the expressions to their meanings.1 _ to change your life by starting to be a better person or stopping a bad habit2 _ someone
113、 who is extremely enthusiastic and enjoys working extremely hard3 _ to not make any effort4 _ very calm and relaxed,especially in a difficult situation5 _ to do something very slowly because you do not really want to do it6 _ someone who refuses to join in,or wants to stop other people having funtur
114、n over a new leafcfedabcool as a cucumberdrag ones feetan eager beavera wet blanketnot lift a fingerWith life being made up of ups and downs,it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.Nevertheless,looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as we
115、ll as for others.A good attitude can have a positive effect on other people.So if someone you know is feeling low,lend them an ear and try to cheer them up.Remember,your attitude is contagious,so make sure you pass on a good one!1 Why is it important to“look on the bright side”?2 How can our attitud
116、e affect others?18UNIT 2Now act out a conversation between Dawei and Jack,and think about how you would comfort Dawei if you were Jack.Now think about what language in this section you used to show concern and comfort others.9Listen again and complete the journal entry.8Listen to the conversation an
117、d number the pictures according to the sequence of events.11Work in pairs.Choose one situation and act out a conversation to show concern for people and comfort them.Use the expressions in this section.1 You ran for Head of the Student Committee but werent elected.2 You feel annoyed because a group
118、member doesnt want to contribute to your groups work.10Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.Are you OK?I dont mean to be nosy,but are you sure?Why dont you tell me whats up?Im sure you did your best.You should be proud of yourself.Why are you so upset?I know this is hard for
119、 you,but you should cheer up.Today I came across my friend Dawei.He looked sad,so I asked him what was wrong.He said that he failed in a 1_ contest.Before the contest,he competed against a girl at school.He won,but he said it was because 2_.He thought the girl should have gone to 3_ instead.If she h
120、ad,the school would have been 4_.I tried to make him look on the bright side,and he admitted that he had a good time at the national contest.He met some 5_ and he liked the city.He also said his parents felt 6_.I think I made him feel better.Friday 10 MayShowing concernComforting peopleOnwards and u
121、pwards191Look at the charts and answer the questions.2Read the passage and find out what the author would do if she could see.Percentage of adults with a disability in the USPeople with a disabilityPeople without a disabilityDeveloping ideas13.7%10.8%4.6%MobilityCognitionVisionPercentage of adults w
122、ith common functional disability74%26%1 Are the numbers different from what you expected?In what way?2 What special assistance can people with disabilities make use of in their daily lives?1I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at
123、 some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight;silence would teach him the joys of sound.2Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see.Recently,I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods what she had obser
124、ved.“Nothing in particular,”she replied.3How was it possible,I asked myself,to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note?I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch.If I can get so much pleasure from touch,how much more beauty must be revealed b
125、y sight?And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes,say for just three days.4On the first day,I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living.I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a f
126、riend through that“window of the soul”,the eye.I can only“see”through my fingertips the outline of a face.I should like to see the books which have been read to me,and which have revealed to me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit.In the afternoon I should take a long walk in the
127、woods and intoxicate my eyes on the beauties of the world of nature.That night,I should not be able to sleep.5On my second day,I should like to see the pageant of mans progress,and I should go to the museums.I should try to probe into the soul of man through his art.The things I knew through touch I
128、 should now see.The evening of my second day I should spend at a theater or at the movies.20UNIT 2Three Days to SeeThree Days to See6The following morning,I should again greet the dawn,anxious to discover new delights,new revelations of beauty.Today I shall spend in the workaday world,amid the haunt
129、s of men going about the business of life.7At midnight permanent night would close in on me again.Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.8I who am blind can give one hint to those who see:Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind.And
130、 the same method can be applied to the other senses.Hear the music of voices,the song of a bird,the mighty strains of an orchestra,as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow.Touch each object you want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail.Smell the perfume of flowers,taste with relish
131、 each morsel,as if tomorrow you could never smell and taste again.But of all the senses,I am sure that sight must be the most delightful.(Excerpts from“Three Days to See”by Helen Keller)Onwards and upwards21Think Share&1 What are the main wishes of the author?Give an example.2 Do you know of any sto
132、ries about people with disabilities?Share one with the class.3 How should we interact with people with disabilities?4 What qualities do both reading passages in this unit convey?5Work in groups.Give a talk about your opinion on the sentence from the passage.3Choose the authors purpose in writing the
133、 passage and give your reasons.1 To help readers understand what it is like to be blind.2 To make readers without disabilities appreciate what they have.3 To persuade readers to care about the blind.4Read the sentences from the passage and answer the questions.Parallelism as a literary device is the
134、 use of expressions,clauses or sentences that are similar in their structure.It can make the content more rhythmic,engaging and easier to remember.It is commonly used in literary works and speeches.Learning to learn3 Give your talk to the class.Point of viewArgumentsSupporting examples1 What sentenc
135、e structure is used repeatedly?What figure of speech is it?2 How does this technique help to express the authors emotions?Now make your own sentences using this technique.1 Read and discuss the meaning of the sentence and decide whether you agree or disagree with it.2 Organise your talk and make not
136、es.Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind.And the same method can be applied to the other senses.Hear the music of voices,the song of a bird,the mighty strains of an orchestra,as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow.Touch each object you want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile
137、sense would fail.it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Now think about your performance during group discussion.Did you actively participate and contribute ideas?22UNIT 26Read the passage and answer the questio
138、ns.Writing about an experienceRecently I accompanied a friend to dine at a“dark restaurant”,where people eat in complete darkness,served by blind staff.We wanted to understand the experience of being blind,and we thought eating would be the most difficult activity.It was a difficult meal.Because we
139、couldnt see where anything was,my friend and I knocked over glasses and dropped food.My senses of taste and smell became more sensitive,and I ate much more slowly,trying to guess what I was eating.Pouring water was very difficult,plus I kept drinking from my friends glass.After failing to pick up an
140、y food with a fork for five minutes,I decided to use my hands.I reached down,expecting rice and vegetables,but instead stuck my hand into a bowl of warm,thick soup.“Its best to use a spoon for this course,”the waiter said into my ear,helpfully but much too late.Even using a spoon,I spilled most of t
141、he soup on my shirt.I felt embarrassed,even though no one could see me.Our waiter advised us to lift the plates and bowls close to our faces.However,I still left the restaurant feeling hungry,though I was much more aware of the challenges that blind people face.7Try to experience what it is like to
142、have a disability and make notes.in the Dark1 Why did the author go to the“dark restaurant”?2 What difficulties did the author have during the meal?3 How did the author feel after finishing the meal?8Work in pairs.Make improvements to each others passages and share them with the class.Dining Now wri
143、te a short passage to describe your experience.3 How you overcame the difficulty4 What you have learnt1 What kind of experience you had 2 What the most difficult thing was and whyOnwards and upwards231Read the two points of view and explain their meanings in your own words.3Prepare for a debate.Cons
144、ider the following:1 the roles and responsibilities for each member of your group2 your arguments,opening and summary3 the opposing arguments you might face and how you can respond to them4 useful words,expressions and structures4Team up with a group with the opposite point of view and hold the deba
145、te.2Work in groups and decide which opinion you agree with more.Think of arguments to support your point of view and make notes.Point of view:Arguments:Supporting examples:vsPresenting ideasIf at first you dont succeed,try,try on and on.If at first you dont succeed,set yourself another goal.Write a
146、reflection after completing this unit.Consider the following:1 What is your understanding of positive ways of facing frustration?2 What text types have you learnt about?What are their features?3 What words,expressions and structures have you learnt?4 What improvement have you made in understanding d
147、ifferent cultures?5 What improvement have you made in using learning strategies and exploring effective ways of learning?6 What improvement have you made in analysing and solving problems?Reflection 24UNIT 2Faster,higher,stronger1Watch the video and answer the questions.1 What major sports events ar
148、e mentioned in the video?2 What are the features of these sports events?2Look at the pictures and answer the questions.1 What do you know about these sportspeople?2 What can you learn from them?3 Are there any other sportspeople who inspire you?Who are they and why do they inspire you?UNITXu Haifeng
149、 Chinese former shooter born in 1957 First athlete to win an Olympic gold medal for China Coach of two Chinese Olympic gold medalists Canadian former ice hockey player born in 1961 One of the greatest players in the history of the National Hockey League(NHL)in Canada Over 100 official and unofficial
150、 NHL recordsWayne GretzkyStarting out Russian former pole-vaulter born in 1982 Two-time Olympic gold medalist First woman to jump over five metresYelena Isinbayeva25THE ROAD1Research online and match the five basketball positions to their descriptions.1 usually the best ball handler and/or best pass
151、er2 usually the main shooter playing on the wing3 usually the most athletic player on the team who can play inside and outside the key 4 usually a taller player who catches the ball after a player has tried but failed to get a point5 usually the tallest player on the team who plays inside the key an
152、d should be a good scorer2Read the passage and find out what Stephen Curry has achieved.Understanding ideas1Near the small town of Grottoes,Virginia,a narrow dirt road goes from the house of Stephen Currys grandfather to the woods nearby.A far cry from the bright lights and shiny courts of the Natio
153、nal Basketball Association(NBA),it was along this road that Stephens grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole.2Like his father,basketball star Dell Curry,Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on this muddy basketball court.He probably didnt realise i
154、t at the time,but it was where he learnt to be creative and flexible as a player.You see,with every shot,the weak plastic backboard gave way.The bumps and rocks that lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce in all directions.Knowing where the ball would go wasnt easy.He had to adjus
155、t his own playing style as a result.Shooting with great accuracy was another thing he learnt.Only shots perfectly aimed at its centre went into the heavy,thick basket.In this way,practising day in and day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills.3Despite his fathers successful career,Stephen was though
156、t by many people,including his high school teammates and coaches,to be too short,too thin and too weak to follow in his fathers footsteps.But Stephen carried on.Playing basketball was his dream.He would AEBCDpoint guardshooting guardsmall forwardpower forwardcenter26UNIT 3TO SUCCESSnot give up.He fi
157、nally ended up playing college ball at a small,little-known school,Davidson College,not too far from where he lived.His creativity and perseverance made him Davidsons star player.4Selected for the NBA in 2009,Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.He performed beyond everyones expectations with hi
158、s accurate shooting and continuous efforts.In 2015,Stephen won his first NBA championship,and he led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975.5After receiving the Most Valuable Player award for two years in a row,Stephen explained his philosophy,“I never really set out to change the game
159、What I wanted to do was just be myself I know it inspires a lot of the next generation,a lot of people who love the game of basketball to value the skill of it,value the fact that you can work every single day to get better.Youve got to be able to put in the time and the work.Thats how I got here.Th
160、ats how I continue to get better every single day.”Inspiring others to believe in themselves,Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become.Through self-belief,hard work,perseverance and some help from an old hoop,he has shown that anythi
161、ng is possible.Faster,higher,stronger273Choose the authors purpose in writing the passage and give your reasons.1 To explain why Stephen Curry was doubted by many people.2 To inform people about Stephen Currys basketball skills.3 To inspire people with Stephen Currys determination to succeed.4Organi
162、se information from the passage and complete the profile of Stephen Curry.Think Share&1 Why does the author mention the“simple basket”at the start of the passage?2 Can you think of any other famous basketball players?Which of their qualities inspires you?3 What have you learnt from doing sport?Share
163、 your experiences with the class.4 How can you use the language in this passage to talk about sportspeople?Give examples.Hard work PerseveranceSelf-beliefStephen Curry is the son of the famous basketballer Dell Curry.He spent his childhood years practising basketball on 1 .The poor conditions helped
164、 him develop his own playing style.He also learnt to 2 .Despite this,it seemed unlikely to many people that Stephen would be a great basketball player,as he was 3 .Nonetheless,Stephen refused to 4 ,and ended up playing college ball for Davidson College.In 2009,he joined the NBAs Golden State Warrior
165、s.In 2015,he led them to their first NBA championship since 1975.Stephen achieved his dream through 5 .Stephen Curry5Complete the mind map with supporting details.Nationality:6 Occupation:7 Awards:8 28UNIT 3-ing as subject3Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.wear let m
166、iss make use I like how technology is changing sports.1 the latest equipment,such as smart earphones,allows people to get the best out of their training.2 video technology to help judge our sporting competitions can 3 sure that no one cheats.Best of all,instant replay facilities 4 us see all the act
167、ion all over again.5 our favourite sporting moments is now a thing of the past!1Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the question.4Think about whether you agree with the point of view in Activity 3 and share your opinion with the class.Use the-ing form as subject where appropria
168、te.Using language2Rewrite the underlined sentences with the-ing form as subject.a Knowing where the ball would go wasnt easy.b Shooting with great accuracy was another thing he learnt.c Stephen Curry knew where the ball would go.It wasnt easy.d Stephen Curry shot with great accuracy.It was another t
169、hing he learnt.1 What are the subjects in sentences(a)and(b)?Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.2 What does“it”refer to in sentences(c)and(d)?3 Why does the author choose to use sentences(a)and(b)in the reading passage?Now look for more sentences with-ing as subject i
170、n the reading passage,and summarise its use in your own words.Etenesh Diro had almost completed two thirds of the 3000m steeplechase,when disaster struck.She got tangled up with some other competitors.It made her fall.Her right shoe started to come off.She tried to pull the shoe back on,but it cost
171、her precious time.One after the other,the runners overtook her.She threw the shoe away.This meant she could get up quickly and fight for her position in the race.She ran the rest of the race with just one shoe on and her right foot bare.It raised a big cheer for her.Luckily,she was later given a cha
172、nce to compete in the final.She lost a shoe.But it didnt keep her from taking part.This is the true spirit of sport.Faster,higher,stronger296Underline the sports with do,play and go in Activity 5 and put them into the boxes.Add any more you can think of.DoPlayGo5Complete the voicemail messages with
173、the correct form of do,play and go.Now listen to the voicemail and check your answers.Sports role modelsSenior Citizen Sports ClubI must say,it was really inspiring to see the people there 8 sports,even at such advanced ages.It made me think about going to the Central Stadium this Saturday.The sport
174、s club there doesnt ask for membership.We can 9 tennis or 10 rock climbing.It would do us a lot more 11 computer games.Hi Ellen,its Todd here.Ive just finished my first day volunteering at the Senior Citizens Sports Club!Its made me see life as an older person with fresh eyes!Some members like to 1
175、yoga because it helps them keep their muscles toned,while others love to 2 aerobics one elderly man says the energy of it makes him feel young again!Ball games are also popular.Many enjoy 3 table tennis or 4 bowling,while there were lots of people 5 badminton,and many like to 6 golf.I even encounter
176、ed a man who,at the age of 68,was brave enough to 7 roller skating!Not only did he have guts,he was much faster than me!Senior Citizens Sports Clubgood than30UNIT 37Read the passage and answer the questions.A sports role model is a sportsperson who inspires other people in a certain way.In this spir
177、it,the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour remarkable sportspeople.The first ceremony was held in 2000 in Monaco,where Pel was given the Lifetime Achievement Award.In 2003,Yao Ming became the first Chinese sportsperson to win the award,and in Shanghai in 2015 Yao Ming and Li
178、Na both won awards.These sports role models show us what sporting spirit really means that is,faster,higher and stronger!8Listen to the conversation and choose a topic for it.1 The history of the Laureus World Sports Awards.2 Laureus World Team of the Year.3 Laureus World Sportsman of the Year.4 The
179、 childhood of LeBron James.9Listen again and complete the table.NomineesMichelles opinionSams opinionUsain BoltHe has won it three times and other people should 1 ,too.He should win it because he deserves it.Andy MurrayHopefully,he will win.He has won two 2 and more importantly,he is a spokesperson
180、for3 .He could have 4 ,but the winner should not be chosen based on 5 .LeBron JamesHe will not win because he is 6 .LeBron is world-famous.He is an excellent 7 and a great 8 .11Work in pairs.Nominate three Chinese sportspeople for the next Laureus World Sports Awards.Give your reasons and share your
181、 ideas using the expressions in this section.Now talk about whether you have actively participated in the group discussion.Were you able to express yourself clearly and understand what your partner was saying?Agreeing/DisagreeingGiving an explanationNow work in pairs.Act out a similar conversation b
182、ased on the table.10Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.1 Who do the Laureus World Sports Awards honour?2 What other sports role models do you know?Share some examples with the class.I dont think it should be Besides,Are you serious?!Thats why Well,I just think I mean,Faste
183、r,higher,stronger31Developing ideas1Look at the pictures and answer the questions.2Read the passage and find out about the events mentioned.1 What are the key differences between team sports and individual sports?2 Can you think of any famous sports teams?Why are they so well-known?1“The atmosphere
184、here at Rio de Janeiro is electric!If China wins this point,they will walk out of the stadium with an Olympic gold medal.Zhang Changning serves.Over the net,Popovic dives for the ball.She only just reaches it and its sent straight back to her by the Chinese spiker Hui Ruoqi.Popovic cant get the ball
185、 back this time and thats it!Its over!Its gold for China!Look how the crowd has gone wild.You can see the joy and pride on the faces of the Chinese fans.And there we see the Chinese players embracing,with tears of happiness in their eyes Its a dream come true for China!The Chinese womens volleyball
186、team is Olympic champion once again!”2The Chinese womens volleyball team holds a very special place in the nations heart.In the 1980s,the team burst onto the international volleyball scene with several major world titles,and an amazing three-set victory over the United States in the final of the 198
187、4 Los Angeles Olympics.They became national heroes overnight.There was gold once more at Athens in 2004.But winning gold in Rio Setting a scene involves establishing the time and place where events take place and describing any main sights and sounds.The scene you set at the beginning of your writin
188、g whether it is fiction or non-fiction will engage your readers and help set the right atmosphere for the remainder of your writing.Learning to learnThe Return The Return 32UNIT 3paints the most vivid portrait of the teams competitive spirit.3In Rio,the Chinese womens volleyball team needed all of i
189、ts fighting spirit after it was assigned to the“group of death”,where it faced several strong opponents in the group stage matches.Despite reaching the quarter-finals as the fourth team in the group,with just two wins in preliminary matches,they were not going to give up.Every single member of the t
190、eam gave their all to the fight,including Hui Ruoqi who had had heart surgery less than five months previously.4Their perseverance paid off with an epic comeback against the defending champion Brazil in the quarter-finals.Next,the Chinese team defeated the Netherlands in the semi-final matches,havin
191、g lost to them in the preliminaries.At last,showing a strong will and the steeliest nerves,they played a close match against Serbia to seize gold in the final.5But fighting spirit alone was not enough to guarantee victory.Strong team spirit also contributed greatly to their success.Cooperation betwe
192、en team members is essential.If each individual does her job and works well with others,then the end goal can be achieved.In fact,strong team spirit is more important than the skills of individual players.Zhu Ting,named Most Valuable Player at the Rio Olympics,also identified this as the special ing
193、redient in the teams success:“Teamwork is the key to Chinas victory.Thanks to my teammates hard efforts,I had the opportunity to show my spiking skills.”6Together,the Chinese womens volleyball team has fought their way through ups and downs.Led by well-known Chinese volleyball player and coach Lang
194、Ping,they have continued to aim high.Lang is only too aware that as soon as a team steps off the victory podium,they need to start from zero to prepare for new challenges ahead.In this way,the team begins its journey to the next Olympics.of the Championsof the ChampionsFaster,higher,stronger33Cooper
195、ation between team members allows individuals to demonstrate their own skills.Think Share&1 How does the author start the passage?What effect does it achieve?2 What do you think of the opinion that a team needs to start from zero after winning a gold medal?3 What achievements by other Chinese sports
196、 teams have made the greatest impression on you?Give an example of their sporting spirit.4 What kind of sporting spirit does each of the reading passages in this unit reflect?Talk about their similarities and differences.3Read the sentences and decide if they are facts(F)or opinions(O).4Work in grou
197、ps.Give a talk about the spirit of the Chinese womens volleyball team.1 Discuss the questions below.What spirit does the Chinese womens volleyball team show in the passage?What else do you think has contributed to their success?What are the examples that support your ideas?2 Complete the mind map wi
198、th your ideas and the examples that support them.1 The Chinese womens volleyball team won a three-set victory in the final of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics._2 Facing several strong competitors in Rio,the Chinese womens volleyball team eventually won in the final._3 Fighting spirit alone was not enou
199、gh for victory._4 Strong team spirit is more important than the skills of individual players._5 Zhu Ting was voted Most Valuable Player at the Rio Olympics._3 Give a talk to the class.Now talk about how well you have contributed to your group discussion and help each other to make improvements.Examp
200、le:Example:Example(s):Example(s):The spirit of the Chinese womens volleyball teamTeamwork34UNIT 35Read the passage and answer the questions.Writing about a sporting momentNow write a passage about the sporting moment.7Work in pairs.Make improvements to each others passages and share them with the cl
201、ass.6Think about a sporting moment you have experienced and complete the table.General introductionWhat you saw and heardbefore the eventduring the eventafter the eventHow you felt1 What event is described?2 When and where did the event take place?3 What did the author see?4 What did the author hear
202、?5 How did the author feel?Last Saturday,I went to the school playground to watch the final of the 4100-metre relay at our annual sports tournament.It was an extraordinary experience and something I will never forget.Before the race,everyone was quiet and still.I had never imagined that the atmosphe
203、re at a sports event could be so intense.When the runners set off,everyone went wild!We all stood up and started cheering and shouting.It was like being hit by a huge wave of excitement.I could see the runners straining to run as fast as they could,while trying not to drop their batons at the change
204、.The race was all over in just one minute.It was Li Chong,the fastest student in our school,who first crossed the finish line.Everyone was on their feet,cheering.I was also caught up in the excitement and cheered so hard that I thought my lungs would burst!It was so wonderful to be part of this spor
205、ting moment and enjoy its speed and passion.Faster,higher,stronger351Work in groups.Read the two points of view about winning and take sides.2Think of arguments to support your point of view and make notes.The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part,just as the most
206、important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle.The person that said winning isnt everything,never won anything.Pierre de CoubertinFounder of the modern Olympic GamesMia HammUS soccer playerPresenting ideasPoint of view:Arguments:Supporting examples:3Prepare for a debate.Consider the fol
207、lowing:1 the roles and responsibilities for each member of your group2 your arguments,opening and summary3 the opposing arguments you might face and how you can respond to them4 useful words,expressions and structures4Team up with a group with the opposite point of view and hold the debate.Write a r
208、eflection after completing this unit.Consider the following:1 What is your understanding of sporting spirit?2 What text types have you learnt about?What are their features?3 What words,expressions and structures have you learnt?4 What improvement have you made in understanding different cultures?5 W
209、hat improvement have you made in using learning strategies and exploring effective ways of learning?6 What improvement have you made in analysing and solving problems?Reflection 36UNIT 3Meeting the museUNIT1Watch the video and answer the questions.1 Which artist is the video about?Which of his works
210、 are mentioned?2 What inspired the artist?2Look at the pictures and read the quotes.Answer the questions.1 What do you know about these people?2 What is your understanding of the words“imagination”,“inspiration”and“rediscover”?How do they help your understanding of the quotes?3 Which quote do you mo
211、st or least agree with?Give your reasons.Inspiration exists,but it has to find you working.Pablo PicassoImagination creates reality.Richard WagnerIf we want to be struck by inspiration,we must go deep into our lives.Mo YanStarting out I invent nothing.I rediscover.Auguste Rodin371Tick what you think
212、 are the most important sources of inspiration for artists.childhoodfamily and friendsbooks and filmsother artistshistorytravelnaturesocial issuesprivate feelingsculture and traditionsimaginationUnderstanding ideasWhat inspires you?Every artists wish is to create something that expresses an idea.But
213、 where do artists get their ideas from?Who or what inspires them?Here we find out more about the influences behind the successes of three very different artists.Now work in pairs to compare and explain your choices.2Read the passage and find out what inspires each artist.38UNIT 4Yang Liping,dancer6Y
214、ang Lipings passion is dancing.After winning a national competition in 1986 with her Spirit of the Peacock dance,she has been known as the“Peacock Princess”.The inspiration for her famous dances has come from the time she spent in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.7“I feel very grateful for the years in
215、 Xishuangbanna,”says Yang.“It gave me a chance to go deeper into the lives of various ethnic groups Our ethnic groups,especially the Dai people,admire the peacock.They think the peacock represents the beauty of nature.I especially like the dance style of the Dai people and it gives me lots of inspir
216、ation.My dance comes from their traditional belief and aims to bring out the Dai womens beauty.”Tan Dun,composer4“There is no territory in the world of music.”These are the words of Chinese composer Tan Dun.He is most widely known for composing music for the film Crouching Tiger,Hidden Dragon and th
217、e 2008 Beijing Olympics.5To listen to Tans music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences.Since his first opera,Nine Songs,Tan Dun has been using a combination of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories.As Tan once said,Chinese music should
218、 carry“universal expression”of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.Florentijn Hofman,visual artist1Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist,whose large sculptures are on display all over the world.One way for him to find inspiration is turning to his childrens toys.These objects ha
219、ve given him ideas for his animal sculptures,such as the famous Rubber Duck.A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish,which was set among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone.2Hofmans inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk tales passed down through the generatio
220、ns.He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the“Dragon Gate”.This story came to life for Hofman when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there.3“During the walk and my stay here in the town,I saw the fish being fed by people.You see also some fish sculpted
221、on the wall.”These sights set Hofmans idea for Floating Fish in motion.Meeting the muse39Artistsand their inspiration3Choose where you would most likely find the passage and give your reasons.1 An art magazine.2 An artist biography.3 An online art forum.4 A poster for an art festival.4Organise infor
222、mation from the passage and complete the diagram.Think Share&1 What does the three artists inspiration have in common?2 What do you think is the“universal expression”of the human spirit?3 What might inspire you to create an artwork?4 What difficulties have you encountered in understanding this passa
223、ge?Share them with the class and ask for their advice.Now work in pairs.Read the quotes from the passage and answer the questions.Florentijn HofmanWell-known works:Rubber Duck1_Sources of inspiration:his childrens toys 2_3_Tan DunWell-known works:4_5_Sources of inspiration:6_ Western influencesYang
224、LipingWell-known work:7_Sources of inspiration:her life in Xishuangbanna8_9_1 Can you use reported speech to rewrite the quotes?2 Why do you think the author chose to use quotes instead of reported speech in the passage?“During the walk and my stay here in the town,I saw the fish being fed by people
225、.”“There is no territory in the world of music.”“I feel very grateful for the years in Xishuangbanna,”40UNIT 41Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.2Read the passage and underline the predicatives.One of my biggest dreams had always been to see the painting Girl wi
226、th a Pearl Earring,by the Dutch artist,Vermeer.It wasnt until we went on a trip to The Hague last year that this dream came true!There were lots of people waiting to enter the Mauritshuis.Although my legs were tired from walking around the city,I was determined to see the painting,which is often cal
227、led the“Mona Lisa of the North”.Nobody is sure of the identity of the girl in it.And there she was.It was amazing to be standing in front of her at last!The girl is looking over her shoulder.Her eyes are wide and her mouth is parted,just as if she were about to speak.I would love to know what she wa
228、s going to say!Wu Guanzhonga Every artists wish is to create something that expresses an idea.b He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the“Dragon Gate”.c Yang Lipings passion is dancing.1 Apart from nouns and adjectives,what other word forms can serve as predica
229、tive?2 Can“interested”in sentence(b)be replaced by“interesting”?Why or why not?Now look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage,and summarise their uses in your own words.3Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.Chinese artist Wu Guanzhong is 1_(kn
230、ow)for his paintings using oils and also for those using the more traditional Chinese method of ink.According to Wu Guanzhong,his goal as an artist was 2_(combine)Western principles of art with Chinese spirit,and his passion is 3_(seek)a point at which the two could meet.To him,the important value o
231、f an artwork was 4_(reflect)the art within the life of Chinese people,and 5_(express)love of and responsibility to his motherland.Wu Guanzhong remained 6_(interest)in exploring ways of expression,with his style changing and developing throughout his career.His lifes work is now 7_(inspire)artists no
232、t only in China but across the world.4Think of an artist you admire and talk about his or her inspiration and artworks using to-infinitive,-ing and-ed as predicative where appropriate.Using languageto-infinitive,-ing and-ed as predicativeMeeting the muse4115:55 PM80%Art exhibitions5Read the comments
233、 and answer the questions on the right.Pay attention to the compound adjectives in bold.1 What is the exhibition about?What artworks might you see in it?2 Which comment makes the greatest impression on you?Give your reasons.3 Do you want to go to this exhibition after reading the comments?Why or why
234、 not?6Match the compound adjectives in Activity 5 to their meanings.Think of other words and expressions that can express the same meanings.1 _:extremely impressive so as to take ones breath away2 _:known by a lot of people3 _:making you feel great respect and admiration,and sometimes fear4 _:very g
235、ood at doing something5 _:innovative,using new methods or achieving new results6 _:very expensiveNow work in groups and think of more compound adjectives to describe an art exhibition or an artwork.MAMModern Art MuseummodernartmuseumA new exhibition on abstract art is on from 10 am to 6 pm,Tuesday t
236、o Sunday.Come and spend the day at MAM!1920889498Amy amyheart 9 NovWhat an exhibition!There are many well-known artists exhibiting their awe-inspiring works.Im totally amazed by Storm.I think the artist got that idea from trees and fallen leaves after a storm.Richard richard77 9 NovReplying to amyhe
237、artIndeed the exhibition is worth visiting,despite the over-priced tickets.But personally,I think the inspiration for Storm might be the overwhelming amount of information in the digital age.The highly-skilled artist is voicing her attitude through the natural form of a storm.Meimei meimei01 8 NovCh
238、eck out the ground-breaking installations.The one named Superhighway is breathtaking!It is absolutely astonishing to see a superhighway world map made entirely of wires and cables.Like Storm,I think the artist is trying to state his attitude towards the digital age.TICKETSAdults 18 Students 12 Child
239、ren under 16 FreeIn English,you can create compound adjectives by joining two or more words together.You can guess the meaning of compound adjectives by looking at the individual words that make them up.You can even try creating your own compound adjectives!Learning to learn42UNIT 49Listen again and
240、 complete the notes.11Choose an art exhibition,or an artwork from an exhibition you like,and write about it using the words and expressions in this section.Now work in pairs.Make improvements to each others writings and share them with the class.7Read the passage and answer the questions.,by Feng Zi
241、kai Painted 5 Japanese aggression against China Images:sandbags,an army cap,a wire fence and 6 Contrast achieved with 7 Showing Feng Zikais 8 .by the well-known.It measures.In the centre of the painting,we can see.Through,I can see/feel In my opinion,this makes.create a strong contrast.I personally
242、think.It is widely believedAbout an artworkBasic informationWhat you seeHow you feel10Complete the table with the expressions from the audio guide.Now work in pairs.Discuss which artwork makes the greater impression on you and why.,by Pablo Picasso Painted after 1 of Guernica Size:2 Images:a bull,a
243、horse,a light bulb and a(n)3 lying on the ground Using only three colours for 4 8Listen to the audio guide and find out the main message of each artwork.Since the earliest cave paintings,humans have been exhibiting art on walls.There has always been a connection between artists and their works,their
244、 points of view,and the viewers.Bringing artworks together into an exhibition enables all of us to experience the works,to respond to,to enjoy and to connect with them.Art exhibitions can have many themes,such as a historical period,a location or a trend.Of them all,one everlasting source of inspira
245、tion is war and peace.Countless artists have been protesting wars and promoting peace via their works,including Spanish artist Pablo Picasso and Chinese artist Feng Zikai,to name just a couple.1 What else do you know about Pablo Picasso and Feng Zikai?2 What other artists are famous for representing
246、 war and peace?What are their best-known artworks?Guernica The Battlefield in SpringMeeting the muse431Watch the video and answer the questions.1 How many artworks did you see?2 What methods did they use to create the artworks?3 Do you think technology can be considered a form of art?2Read the passa
247、ge and compare your ideas with those of the author.1Think“art”.What comes to your mind?Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre,or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum?Or maybe,just maybe,its a dancing pattern of lights?2The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful float
248、ing clouds when they are lit up at night.Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it,they could also interact with it literally.They did this by using their phones to change its colours and patterns.Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting,but are the
249、y really art?3Whatever your opinion,people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years.To do this,they have used a variety of tools and technologies.Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as“artists”rather than“technicians”.This means that art and technol
250、ogy have always been seen as two very separate things.4Today,however,technological advances have led to a combination of art and technology.As a result,the art world is changing greatly.Now art is more accessible to us than ever before.Take for example one of Chinas most famous paintings from the So
251、ng Dynasty,Along the River During the Qingming Festival.As this artwork is rarely on display,people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it.Once in front of the painting,they Developing ideas44UNIT 4only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bi
252、an River in Bianjing.Thanks to technology however,millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of this painting.Three-dimensional(3D)animation means that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings.They can also watch as the different scenes
253、 change from daylight into nighttime.5The art-tech combination is also changing our concepts of“art”and the“artist”.Not only can we interact with art,but also take part in its creation.With new technological tools at our fingertips,more and more people are exploring their creative sides.The result h
254、as been exciting new art forms,such as digital paintings and videos.6However,the increase in the amount and variety of art produced has also raised questions over its overall quality.Can a video of someone slicing a tomato played in slow motion really be called“art”?7Similarly,such developments are
255、making the line between art and technology less distinct.Can someone unfamiliar with traditional artists tools really call themselves an“artist”?And is the artist the creator of the art itself,or the maker of the technology behind it?A recent project used technology and data in the same way that Rem
256、brandt used his paints and brushes.The end result,printed in 3D,was a new“Rembrandt painting”created 347 years after the artists death.These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than humans create art.8Where technology will take art next is anyones guess.But one th
257、ing is for sure with so many artists exploring new possibilities,we can definitely expect the unexpected.TECHNOLOGYART&Meeting the muse45Think Share&1 What effect do you think technology will have on art in the future?2 Do you know of any artworks created mainly by technology?Share an example with t
258、he class.3 What work of art can you create with the help of technology?4 Which of the two reading passages in this unit,both about the artists inspiration,do you prefer?Why?4Work in groups.Hold a debate on whether technology has had a positive effect on art.1 Divide each group in half.Each half take
259、s a side in the debate.2 Do further research to find more arguments and supporting examples besides thosein the passage.3 Organise your ideas from the most important to the least important.4 Hold the debate.Now think about your performance in the debate.Vote for a group member who performs the best.
260、Ask them to share their experience.3Organise information from the passage and complete the diagram.Argument 1:Art is more accessible to us than ever before.Example(s):2_Argument 2:We can take part in 3_.Example(s):4_Argument 3:It has raised questions over 5_.Example(s):6_Argument 4:Such developments
261、 are 7_.Example(s):8_Positive effectsPossible problemsToday,technological advances 1_.We dont know 9_,but we can 10_.46UNIT 41 What is the topic of each paragraph?2 Is the invitation written in formal or informal style?Give three examples.6Imagine you are helping to prepare an art festival in your s
262、chool.Answer the questions to help you write the invitation.1 What is the topic of the art festival?2 When and where will it be held?3 What artworks will be included?4 What style will you use for the invitation?Now write your invitation.7Work in pairs.Make improvements to each others invitations and
263、 share them with the class.5 November 2019Mr John Smith14 New RoadSurrey TW14 2EHDear Mr Smith,Woods High School requests the honour of your presence at the opening of Tech Art Festival on the twelfth of November.The event will begin at Williams Sports Centre at 6 pm with a welcome address followed
264、by awards ceremony,with the evening closing at 8 pm.Tech Art will run from the twelfth to the sixteenth of November and will feature the works of over one hundred of our students.Visitors will be able to see and experience a wide variety of artworks from 3D sculptures to artworks made out of phone a
265、nd computer parts.We do hope you are able to join us at this event.Please reply to confirm your attendance.Yours sincerely,Jane BrownWoods High SchoolAn invitation should give clear details about the name,place and time of the event,and details about how to reply.A formal invitation letter may use e
266、ither the third person or first person“we”with the place and date often spelt out.The wording and tone should be formal rather than conversational.Learning to learn5Read the invitation to an art festival and answer the questions.TECH ARTWoods High SchoolStudent Art FestivalWilliams Sports Centre12 1
267、6 November 9 am 8 pm4THOpening night 12 November 6 pm 8 pmWriting an invitationMeeting the muse47Write a reflection after completing this unit.Consider the following:1 What is your understanding of art and artists inspiration?2 What text types have you learnt about?What are their features?3 What wor
268、ds,expressions and structures have you learnt?4 What improvement have you made in understanding different cultures?5 What improvement have you made in using learning strategies and exploring effective ways of learning?6 What improvement have you made in analysing and solving problems?Presenting idea
269、sReflection tree hole paintingglass harp playingyarn bombingmanhole cover painting1Work in groups.Look at the pictures and answer the questions.1 What form of art does each picture show?2 Have you ever come across them?2Think of other forms of art in daily life and make notes.3Talk about these artwo
270、rks and complete the table.Do further research if necessary.Inspiration for these artworksInnovation behind these artworksImportance of art in our lives4Prepare a short presentation.Consider the following:1 the structure of your presentation2 useful words,expressions and structures5Give your present
271、ation to the class.Examples of artworks:Detailed description:48UNIT 449Revealing natureUNIT1Look at the page from a science magazine and answer the questions.1 What do you know about these animals?What makes them special?2 What other similar animals do you know about?Share your knowledge with the cl
272、ass.2Watch the video and answer the questions.1 How can seeds travel?How can this benefit plants?2 Can you think of another example of seeds travelling?Share it with the class.Starting out Komodo dragon:Komodo dragons were first encountered by Western researchers in 1910.The researchers said the anc
273、estor of the Komodo dragon most likely evolved in Australia and spread westward,reaching the Indonesian island of Flores 900,000 years ago.Duck-billed platypus:The first scientists to examine a preserved platypus body judged it a fake in the late 18th century.The oldest discovered fossil of the mode
274、rn platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago.Nautilus:Fossil records indicate that the nautilus has survived relatively unchanged for around 500 million years.It is often considered a“living fossil”.36UNUSUAL ANIMALS TODAY1Look at the evolutionary tree and answer the questions.1The captain of t
275、he ship,the Beagle,wanted someone who would“profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”.The person who answered the call was not the captains first choice.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.Whats more,he had recently received a
276、letter from his father predicting that he would be“a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.Despite all this,his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.2The young man in question,Charles Darwin,was a geologist and naturalist,fascinated b
277、y rocks,plants and animals.He left England on the ship,the Beagle,in 1831.The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in 1 What species do you recognise in the picture?2 What factors can cause the process of evolution?2Read the passage and talk about your understanding of the titl
278、e.DiscoveryA Journey ofUnderstanding ideasevolutionary tree50UNIT 5their natural environments.After Darwin had spent some time in South America,his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.As he studied these,he asked himself the question:how did different
279、 species come to exist?3At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing
280、 environments?It was just an idea,but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.4When the Beagle reached the Galpagos Islands in 1835,Darwin saw a variety of new species,but it was the birds that interested him the most.Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each
281、of the islands.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.5Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.Over time,it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was
282、 the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist:they evolved from earlier ancestors.6It was a completely new idea a theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book,On the Origin of Species.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refu
283、sed to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life.They were shocked.But Darwins scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.7Today,On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever writ
284、ten.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.Revealing nature513Choose the main idea of the passage and give your reasons.1 Darwins interest in various living things made him a great naturalist.2 Darwins journey on the Beagle inspired his Theor
285、y of Evolution.3 Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time.4Number the puzzle pieces in order.Organise information from the passage and complete them.Think Share&1 Why were many people“shocked”by Darwins theory?2 What kind of person was Darwin according to the
286、passage?3 How do you think the human species will evolve in the future?4 What have you learnt about the spirit of scientific exploration?How can this spirit help you in your life and studies?Darwin asked the questions:How did different species?GENERATE IDEASNow discuss why Darwin did not publish his
287、 Theory of Evolution until 1859,about twenty years after his discovery.Do further research if necessary.Darwin studied .He noticed that some species of animals were .Darwin suspected that the finches and it had .The Theory of Evolution:living things,including humans,.On the Galpagos Islands:He notic
288、ed .It seemed the beaks .LOOK FOR MORE EVIDENCEPROPOSE A THEORYON HIS JOURNEYDEVELOP IDEAS52UNIT 51Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.Past perfect 1 a Natural disasters led to food shortages in the 1960s.b Yuan Longping began to do research on hybrid rice.c Yuan
289、Longping developed a better type of rice.3Complete the online encyclopaedia entry with the correct form of the words in the pete decline eat live introduce arrive4Work in pairs.Act out a role-play using the information in Activity 3.One of you will play the keeper of Lonesome George,and the other wi
290、ll play the reporter asking about George.Use the past perfect tense where appropriate.Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise.He died in 2012.After Georges death,the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.Before humans 1
291、on the island,the species 2 in isolation and 3 the plants that naturally grew there.George was discovered many years after their arrival,and by then humans 4 new species that 5 for the food the tortoises ate.After goats in particular had been brought to the island,the Pinta Island tortoise populatio
292、n 6 .Eventually,only George remained.Gregor Mendel 4 study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.By the time of his death in 1884,he 5 important discoveries about genetics.Yuan Longping 1 to do research on hybrid rice because natural disasters 2 food shortages in the 1960s.In
293、 the end,he 3 a better type of rice.2Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences.The sentences are in the order in which they happened.They can help you to decide the use of tenses.a Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,b Many people refused
294、to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life.1 In sentence(a),which action happened first,“suspected”or“evolved from a common ancestor”?2 In sentence(b),which action happened first,“refused to believe”or“evolved from lower forms of life”?3 What does the structu
295、re had done indicate?Now look for more sentences with the past perfect tense in the reading passage,and summarise its use in your own words.Using languageLonesome George 2 a Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.b Gregor Mendel made important disc
296、overies about genetics.c Gregor Mendel died in 1884.Revealing nature53Biodiversity5Listen to the podcast and choose the statements that are made.1 Biodiversity is important.2 Bacteria are always harmful to humans.3 Some species of bacteria are used in food production.4 Many species of bacteria recyc
297、le dead organic matter.5 Our immune systems are able to fight off all germs.8Read the passage and answer the questions.Earth is home to millions of different species.Some can be very small,like bacteria and viruses,which are so small that we cannot see them with only our eyes.By contrast,the largest
298、 animal species so far found on our planet is the blue whale,which can grow up to almost 30 metres in length and weigh over 130,000 kilos.The toughest species is probably the water bear.This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150 C to a below freezing 272 C.To best survive in their environm
299、ent,each species has developed its own unique physical characteristics.Each year,scientists identify around 15,000 new species.However,diversity on our planet is such,that there are still millions of species on Earth remaining to be discovered.1 What species are mentioned and what is special about t
300、hem?2 What other unusual life forms do you know of?6Listen again and complete the fact sheet.7Complete the boxes with the expressions from the podcast.Cells Every living thing is 1 .They are like 2 .In the human body there are about 3 human cells and around 4 bacteria cells.Bacteria Most bacteria in
301、 the human body can 5 .In the food production process,bacteria can 6 dead organic matter.Do you know about?By the way,.Actually,.Have you heard of?In fact,.Speaking of which,.Checking background knowledgeAdding informationNow work in pairs.Discuss what you know about cells and bacteria.54UNIT 510Wor
302、k in pairs.Look at the pictures of the species native to different regions of China.Talk about biodiversity in China using the words and expressions in this section.Do online research to find more information.9Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.ance
303、stor scientific be native to primitive habitat appearance be home to ecosystemThe Galpagos Islands are renowned worldwide for their unique biodiversity.The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz 1 several species of giant tortoise that 2 the Galpagos Islands.The island is also home to the Charles Darw
304、in Research Station,where 3 studies are carried out.Mangroves are one of the coastal plants that grow on Isabela.They serve as the 4 for various birds and fish,and are very important to the 5 .Iguanas can be found on San Cristbal.They have a very special 6 ,with comb-like spines on their back.There
305、is evidence that all the different iguanas have developed from more 7 ones and share a common 8 .YakDiversiform-leaved poplarPeacock Dawn redwoodSiberian tigerNow talk about what methods you used to collect the information required.Compare your methods with your partners and think about which method
306、s are more efficient.321Revealing nature55Developing ideas1Look at the pictures and tick what plants can do.2Read the passage and find out the ways in which plants communicate.attackbreatheeatsleepmovespeakstealthink1Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends.Many cultures have stori
307、es of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.And in some modern stories,such as the film Avatar,trees can communicate with animals and people.2With us long believing that talking plants are fantas
308、y,new research has revealed something amazing:it appears that plants can communicate after all.3It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.This happens when a plant,say a bean plant,gets attacked by insects.The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals fr
309、om the leaves that are being eaten.This is like a warning,or a call for help:“Im being attacked!”When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour,it starts to release its own,different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away.Others attract insects the wasps!The w
310、asps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system,so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.4More surprisingly,plants also use sound to communicate.People cant hear these sounds,but plants are making them.Some plants make
311、 noises with their roots.Corn and chilli plants do this.They also“listen”to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful,or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water,indicating drought is arriving.5Most surprisingly of all,pl
312、ants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the“wood wide web”.It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables Now talk about what else you think plants
313、 can do and give examples.56UNIT 5and satellites,the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi.This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.Using the wood wide web,plants can share information and even food with each other.For example,some pine trees can send food to smal
314、ler pine trees to help them grow.But just like our own Internet,the wood wide web has its own version of“cybercrime”.Plants can steal food from each other,or spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a“firewall”to help prevent these attacks within the
315、wood wide web.6Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.Who knows?Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to“talk”with them ourselves.The Secret Language of PlantsRevealing nature57Think Share&1 What figure of spee
316、ch is being used when the plants are described as calling for help?What is its function?2 What does“wood wide web”mean?3 What do you think are the benefits of studying plant communication?4 What discoveries are described in the two reading passages in this unit and what do their meanings have in com
317、mon?3Organise information from the passage and complete the diagram.4Work in groups.Give a talk about communication between living things.1 Read the passage again and talk about how plants communicate.2 Think about and discuss the following ways of communication in the animal world.Bees“dance”to sig
318、nal to other bees that they have found food.Ants communicate with each other through touch,chemical signals,moving their bodies and even using their legs to make sounds.What other ways can you think of?3 Organise your ideas following the steps below.Modern research is showing that plants can 1 .Mayb
319、e one day we will be able to“talk”with plants.Begin with what living things you have chosen to talk about.Explain how they communicate and give examples.Conclude by explaining what we have learnt from their behaviour.4 Give a talk to the class about communication between living things.Now talk about
320、 how well you contributed to your group discussion and help each other to make improvements.Using chemicals The plant releases chemicals 2 that are being eaten.When another plant detects the chemicals,it starts to 3 .Using sound Some plants make noises 4 .A chilli plant can 5 .Some trees make 6 .Usi
321、ng the“wood wide web”This fungal network links7 .Plants can 8 with each other.Plants can 9 to attack other plants.Personification means giving human characteristics to something that is not human.By using human characteristics to describe an object,animal or even a place,personification can make des
322、criptions more vivid.Learning to learn58UNIT 55Read the observational journal and answer the questions.6Work in pairs.Look at the pictures and talk about how the sunflower grows.Writing an observational journal 1 How were the daffodil bulbs planted?2 In what environment did the leaves grow?3 What do
323、 the flowers look like?Now write your observational journal about the sunflower.7Work in pairs.Make improvements to each others observational journals and share them with the class.Week 3A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs.On each stem are two leaves,which are long and narrow with a wa
324、xy texture.The container has been moved to a sunny,but cool place.Week 6The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall and each has produced a single flower.The flowers are yellow and white,and shaped like trumpets.1 June6 July26 JulyWeek 1The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soi
325、l,with the pointed ends facing up.Water has been added and the container was put in a cool,dark place.The bulbs are being watered regularly.Revealing nature591Work in groups.Look at the information about the nature documentaries and answer the questions.Title:Main theme:Reasons you recommend it:Pres
326、enting ideas1 Can you guess what secrets of nature are revealed in these documentaries?2 What other nature documentaries have you watched?Which one do you like most?Give your reasons.2Choose one nature documentary you like and complete the notes.3Practise presenting information about your documentar
327、y.Consider the following:1 the structure of your presentation2 useful words,expressions and structures4Give your presentation to the class.Write a reflection after completing this unit.Consider the following:1 What is your understanding of the importance of revealing natures secrets?2 What text type
328、s have you learnt about?What are their features?3 What words,expressions and structures have you learnt?4 What improvement have you made in understanding different cultures?5 What improvement have you made in using learning strategies and exploring effective ways of learning?6 What improvement have
329、you made in analysing and solving problems?Reflection The Private Life of Plants(1995,UK)Life(2009,UK)Born in China(2016,China,US&UK)Big Cats(2018,UK)60UNIT 5Nurturing nature1Look at the pictures and answer the questions.1 What do you know about these places?2 What do these places have in common?2Wa
330、tch the video and answer the questions.1 What are the three types of WorldHeritage Sites?2 What other natural heritage sites in Chinado you know of?Huanglong,ChinaUluru,AustraliaIguaz Falls,Argentina and BrazilMount Kilimanjaro,TanzaniaStarting out UNIT611Work in pairs and complete the quiz.Try to g
331、uess if you are not sure of the answers.1 Which is the highest railway in the world?a The Trans-Siberian Railway.b The Qinghai-Tibet Railway.c The Chengdu-Kunming Railway.2 In which year was the completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway put into operation?a 1984.b 2001.c 2006.3 Which of these stations is not
332、on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway?a Lhasa.b Golmud.c Lanzhou.4 Which of these natural World Heritage Sites does the Qinghai-Tibet Railway pass by?a Xinjiang Tianshan.b Qinghai Hoh Xil.c South China Karst.2Read the passage and find out why the railway is particularly special to the author.1Sitting back in
333、 my seat,I cant quite believe that Im about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was“impossible”.The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining.All this time,the song“Sky Railway”has been playing inside my head.The words“railways like massive dragons are windi
334、ng among the mountains”seem particularly vivid as I travel across the“roof of the world”.2I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on this railway.Taking years to complete,the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult TheSkyRailway
335、Understanding ideas00500050Quiz62UNIT 6engineering challenges.How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.3The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge,the worlds longest bridge built over permafrost.Look!A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the b
336、ridge,with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure.Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.They seem totally unaware t
337、hat we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.4To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands,675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.We even moved 140,000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.5T
338、he journey has been flying by,and before I know it,we have reached Tanggula Station.Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level,this is the highest railway station in the world.In locations such as this,the thin air,changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest c
339、hallenge for railway workers.To make sure we stayed healthy,several oxygen-making stations were constructed.We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.6As we pass Cuona Lake,I feel a sense of pride and achievement.Using thousands and thousands of sandbags,we built a twenty-kilometre wa
340、ll along the lake to protect it from construction waste.Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface.Water birds playing in the lake,and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.7The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has be
341、en attracting peoples admiration for centuries.Now,thanks to our efforts,passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes.I am proud that we built our“impossible”railway,and did so with the care that the environment deserves.It truly is an extraordinary“Sky Railway”.N
342、urturing nature633Choose the authors purpose in writing the passage and give your reasons.1 To prove that humans can conquer nature.2 To highlight the amount of work required to build the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.3 To praise the workers efforts in building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.4Organise informatio
343、n from the passage and complete the table.ChallengesSolutionsThink Share&1 Which of the solutions are you most impressed by?Why?2 Which words in the passage are used to describe the Qinghai-Tibet Railway?What other words could you think of to describe it?3 What changes do you think the Qinghai-Tibet
344、 Railway has brought to the people living along the railway?4 What method did you use to collect information?How did the information help you to better understand the passage?To protect wild animals.To 3 .To make sure the workers stayed healthy.To 8 .1 have been built under the railway to allow the
345、animals to 2 .675 bridges with 4 were built between Golmud and Lhasa.140,000 square metres of wetland were 5 in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.6 were constructed.The workers also enjoyed 7 in lower areas.Thousands and thousands of sandbags were used to 9 along the lake to 10 .The above tabl
346、e explains how the“impossible”railway was built.Now do some online research to find out what other challenges were met and overcome by the railway workers.64UNIT 6Present perfect continuous1Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.3Look at the charts and make sentences
347、 using the present perfect continuous tense.4Work in pairs.Talk about how the environment where you live has changed.Use the present perfect continuous tense where appropriate.I 1 (hear)a strange sound for a while.Its a deep,loud roar,like a lions.But there arent any lions here Or are there?Soon I s
348、ee what 2 (make)the noise:a howler monkey.Now I feel less worried.Realising that something 3 (move)on my shoulder,I turn my head to look at it.Oh no!Its a giant spider!I brush it off and it runs under some leaves.I try to bat away the huge insects,which 4 (fly)around my head in a black cloud for qui
349、te a while.I pull off the headset and Im back in my living room.Thank goodness!I 5 (give)the latest virtual reality headset and,for the last twenty minutes,I 6 (use)it to explore the Amazon.This is an amazing experience and a reminder of how many species there are in the rain forest.We must do all w
350、e can to protect it.2Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.Desert areasButterfly populationNow10 years ago20 years agoNow10 years ago20 years agoNow10 years ago20 years agoa Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.b befo
351、re I know it,we have reached Tanggula Station.1 Which of these statements are true about sentence(a)?(1)Wild animals started using these passages in the past.(2)Wild animals used these passages only once.(3)Wild animals still use these passages now.2 What is the difference between the expressions in
352、 bold in sentences(a)and(b)?Now look for more sentences with the present perfect continuous tense in the reading passage,and summarise its use in your own words.Using languageWooded areasNurturing nature65Tourism and the environment6Listen again and complete the notes.Now work in pairs.Discuss what
353、type of travel you prefer.7Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.5Listen to the conversation and choose the places mentioned.?Did You Know Ecotourism is a type of tourism that conserves the environment.It encourages people to be responsible travellers and involves educating t
354、hem about the natural world.For countries such as Costa Rica,Kenya and Nepal,ecotourism is an important part of the economy.Some ecotourism holidays involve voluntary work,such as planting trees or counting endangered animals.abcdAustraliaNepalThailandSouth Africa The fact is that Wouldnt you agree
355、that?Lets find a compromise.Lets meet in the middle.As a compromise,I agree,but Persuading othersCompromisingThe first optionRachel wants to 1and plant trees.also 2rhinos,which will help protect them.eat local food.Rachels dad thinks he can eat that kind of food at home.the activities sound like 3.T
356、he second optionRachel wants to look after 4.sleep in a treehouse.Rachels dad wants to 5and read a book.CompromiseThey will stay in 6.Rachel can do ecotourism activities while her dad does what he likes.They will go on 7of the jungle.66UNIT 68Complete the passage with the expressions in the box.9Com
357、plete the boxes with the expressions in Activity 8.AdvantagesDisadvantagesAs tourism develops,people are becoming increasingly concerned about the environment.Here in our city,there is a heated discussion about whether a hotel should be built at White Beach.The owner of the company thinks the hotel
358、would attract more tourists,which will 1_ and 2_.However,the local people worry that building the hotel is 3_ and will 4_,in particular the turtles which lay their eggs on White Beach.But they also admit that building the hotel will 5_ for people living in the area.Even though the owner of the compa
359、ny guarantees that the design will be in harmony with its beautiful surroundings,the local people are still concerned that the hotel may 6_.Increased tourist numbers will also mean more cars and aeroplanes,which in turn means 7_.Now listen to the passage and check your answers.10Work in pairs.Role-p
360、lay a discussion to reach an agreement that is satisfactory for everyone.Use the expressions in this section.Student A:You are a hotel operator who wants to build a hotel on some forested land.Student B:You are a conservationist who wants to protect the wildlife there.Now think about how well you ap
361、proached the problem from different perspectives and reached an agreement.not eco-friendly create opportunities for new businesses disturb the wildlife help the local economy higher carbon emissions provide more jobs use up natural resources Now think about more advantages and disadvantages of build
362、ing the hotel at White Beach.Nurturing nature671Watch the video and answer the questions.1 Which natural heritage site is introducedin the video?2 What kind of threat is it facing?2Look at the title of the passage and the pictures.Predict what the passage is about.1How would you like to spend six mo
363、nths living on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef?The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided.Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out what the area has to offer.Youll need to report back via weekly blogs,photo diaries and video updates.Yo
364、ull also be asked to promote the islands through newspapers,magazines and TV interviews.2It was actually a very clever means to highlight the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it.3About the size of Japan,it even can be seen from outer space.More than 25 million years old,t
365、he Great Barrier Reef is made up of living coral growing on dead coral.It is host to many species of birds and sea creatures.But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from pollution and climate change.4To get this job,the candidates had to make a short video showing how much they knew a
366、bout the reef.They also needed to prove why they were the best person to do the job.Out of the thousands of applicants,eleven were selected,including a young woman from China.Eventually,the job was offered to Ben Southall from the UK.Now read the passage and check your prediction.Developing ideas68U
367、NIT 6THE BESTJOB IN THEWORLD5In addition to blogging,taking photos and writing articles about the reef,he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence.He also worked as a presenter for the National Geographic Channel,before going on to write a book about his experienc
368、es.Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the“best”,but the“busiest job in the world”!6The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area.Whats more,they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment
369、 exists in and what can,and must,be done to protect the reef.That way,it will remain a safe habitat for wildlife,as well as a dream destination for the millions of tourists who visit it each year.Nurturing nature693Choose the appropriate sentences and write them on the lines to complete the passage.
370、a Located off the coast of North-east Australia,the Great Barrier Reef is the largest living thing on the planet.b Whether it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event isnt really important.c This call for an island caretaker attracted interest from all over the world.d Ben did a lo
371、t during his time as an island caretaker.4Work in groups.Imagine you are an applicant for the job of island caretaker.Discuss and present your ideas for the short video required.1 Think about what you would present in the video.2 Organise your ideas by considering the following points.Why I think en
372、vironmental protection is important What I know about the reef What I will do if I get the jobGood transitions highlight the ideas that connect different paragraphs and bring the text together as a whole.Transitions can help readers understand how paragraphs work together,how they relate to one anot
373、her,and how they build to a larger point.Learning to learn3 Share your ideas within the group.4 Choose a group member to present their ideas to the class.Now think about how you could use the language you have learnt from the passages in your presentation and what you have learnt from others present
374、ations.Think Share&1 What are the requirements of the job?2 Why is the position described as“the best job in the world”?Do you agree with this description?Why?3 Can you think of some other creative ways of raising awareness of protecting the reef?4 How is the theme of nurturing nature presented diff
375、erently in the two reading passages of this unit?My video241 Why I should get the job370UNIT 61 How long will the job last?2 What are the responsibilities of the job?3 What benefits does it offer?5Read the job advertisement and answer the questions.Writing a job advertisement6Read what the three peo
376、ple say about their jobs.Choose one of the jobs and complete the notes.Do research if necessary.7Work in pairs.Make improvements to each others job advertisements and share them with the class.Im lucky enough to call myself the“Guardian of the Pine Tree”!I work on Mount Huangshan in Anhui Province,w
377、hich is home to the famous Welcoming-Guest Pine.I make sure that nothing harms the tree.I check it several times a day and take notes recording my observations.I occasionally feel lonely,but overall,its a hugely rewarding job.JobResponsibilitiesBenefitsWhen people ask me what I do,I tell them that I
378、m a“spiderman”.For me,a day at work involves climbing up and down the cliffs of Mount Yuntais Red Stone Gorge.With a rope tied around my waist,I clear rubbish left by tourists.The job isnt without its risks,but I enjoy it.Im very proud that I can help conserve the environment.My names Li Wei,but Im
379、also known as the“Panda Nanny of Wolong”.As you can probably guess,I take care of the pandas living in Sichuans Wolong National Nature Reserve.As well as looking after these incredible animals,I talk to visitors and post updates on social media.I hope that one day,more people can join me in taking c
380、are of the pandas.Taihu,Chinas third-largest freshwater lake,needs you!Environmental worker,full-time from 1 June to 30 September Taihu Lake,Wuxi,Jiangsu Province Monitoring the area for algae;working on ships removing algae from water Salary negotiable;accommodation and meals providedAll applicatio
381、ns welcome,but preference will be given to those with diving qualifications.*Visit our website for a detailed job description.Now write a job advertisement.Do further research if necessary.LocationNurturing nature711Work in groups.Read the two points of view about whether natural heritage sites shou
382、ld be open to the public and take sides.3Prepare for a debate.Consider the following:1 the roles and responsibilities for each member of your group2 your arguments,opening and summary3 the opposing arguments you might face and how you can respond to them4 useful words,expressions and structures4Team
383、 up with a group with the opposite point of view and hold the debate.2Think of arguments to support your point of view and make notes.Point of viewArgumentsSupporting examplesOpening natural heritage sites to the public would mean people could get to know more about them.Natural heritage sites shoul
384、d not be open to the public because crowds of visitors can cause damage to themPresenting ideasWrite a reflection after completing this unit.Consider the following:1 What is your understanding of protecting nature?2 What text types have you learnt about?What are their features?3 What words,expressio
385、ns and structures have you learnt?4 What improvement have you made in understanding different cultures?5 What improvement have you made in using learning strategies and exploring effective ways of learning?6 What improvement have you made in analysing and solving problems?Reflection 72UNIT 6Investig
386、atePlanWriting and performing a comedy sketchComedy isnt just about having a good laugh its also about sharing ideas,seeing the funny side of things and improving our overall well-being.There are many different forms of comedy,among which comedy sketches are very popular.A comedy sketch is a short c
387、omic play or performance which typically consists of one scene.1Perform your comedy sketch for the class.2Vote for the best sketch.Work in groups.Go online to find out more about comedy sketches:Describe the sketches you saw.How long does each last?What do you find funniest about them?What messages
388、do they try to convey?1Work together to brainstorm the subject and setting of your own comedy sketch.Think about what message you want to convey and how you can best do this.2Assign roles to each member of the group:1Write your script and prepare the costumes and any props you will need.2Work togeth
389、er to practise saying the lines.Decide when and where the actor(s)should appear on stage.3Rehearse with everyone together.You might need to do this more than once.UNIT 1 ProjectCreatePresent director scriptwriter(s)actor(s)costume and set designer(s)3Consider how you might present the sketch on stag
390、e.Think about:the characters the key actions the settingProject73InvestigatePlanCreatePresent1Go online to find inspiring stories.What challenges have the people overcome and how?Why are the stories inspiring?2Work in groups.Tell your group about someone who you think is inspiring.It could be a fami
391、ly member,a classmate,a neighbour,or someone else you know.1Decide whose story you want to tell and what information you will include.For example:their personal information and background photos and other visuals what happened to them and how they overcame their challenges why they are a good role m
392、odel and what we can learn from them2If possible,interview the person.3Decide who will be responsible for each aspect of the storytelling,including:who will write the text who will look for photos and other visuals who will create the slide presentation who will present the story1Write the text for
393、your story.2Look for photos and other visuals to bring the person and their story to life.3Set up the presentation and add your content to tell the story slide by slide.Tell the story to the class.Find out what aspect they think is the most inspiring.Telling the story of an inspiring person As we fa
394、ce lifes challenges,stories of courage and determination can help us face our fears and overcome them.We can draw strength and inspiration from these stories,and theyre often closer than you think.After all,the most extraordinary stories often happen in the most ordinary places.UNIT 2 Project74Inves
395、tigatePlanCreatePresent1Present the advertisement of your fun sports meet to the class.Vote for the best races and activities.2Choose the most suitable date,time and location,and hold your fun sports meet!1Work in small groups.Discuss and decide which races and activities to include in your fun spor
396、ts meet.2Choose a date,time and location.3Decide how to advertise your fun sports meet,for example,on a poster or via email.Make an advertisement for your fun sports meet.You may want to include details about:the races and activities the date,time and location how to sign up to participate prizes to
397、 be wonOrganising a fun sports meet“Faster,higher,stronger.”So goes the Olympic motto,encouraging athletes to continuously push their limits.This doesnt mean,of course,that sports cant be fun.A fun sports meet is a way to try out new and exciting activities in a relaxing and enjoyable environment.Yo
398、u dont need to worry about being“not good at sports”.Its about taking part,being active and feeling a sense of achievement.UNIT 3 Project1Go online to research fun races or activities you could include in your fun sports meet.Make a list.2For each race or activity on your list,find out:what are the
399、rules how many people take part where it takes place how long it takes what objects or materials it requiresProject75InvestigatePlanCreatePresent1Work in groups.Find inspiration from your life and discuss:What inspires you most?How could you make an artwork based on this inspiration?2Go online or to
400、 the library to get ideas for the forms of your artwork.Make sure that your research includes interactive as well as more traditional forms of art.1Decide what message you want your artwork to give and make notes.2Decide what form this artwork will take.3Find out what skills and materials you will n
401、eed to create your work.1Get creative!Make sure you have a large enough space to create your work.2Draw a draft picture or make a draft model of your work,based on the chosen form.3Further develop your work.4Write a short introduction to your work,explaining:its main message the inspiration behind i
402、t the material(s)used what you found most challenging about the creative process what you enjoyed most about the creative process1Display your artwork and present it to the class.Find out what they think of your work and answer any questions they have about it.2Vote for the most inspiring artwork.Cr
403、eating an artworkArt is much more than something nice to look at its a way of communicating ideas.For some,it inspires;for others,its a form of meditation.Art can make us see ourselves clearly.It can also help us see the world from a new perspective.UNIT 4 Project76InvestigatePlanCreatePresent1Give
404、your introduction to the natural history museum to the class.2Vote for the museum the class would most like to visit.1Work in groups.Find information about some of the most important natural history museums in the world.2Visit a natural history museum.If it isnt possible for you to do this,visit its
405、 website.Here are some options:Beijing Museum of Natural History National Museum of Natural History,Washington,DC Natural History Museum,London1Work in groups.Discuss and decide which natural history museum you will give a presentation about and make notes:history of the museum its collections and p
406、ermanent exhibitions its contribution to society2Do further research on the museums collections.Take notes of the important information,including:any special collections or items on exhibit facilities available to visitors and suggested routes around the exhibitions3Do more research into temporary e
407、xhibitions and special events at the museum if necessary.1Organise the information from your research.2Search for photos and other pictures related to the museum.3Add your content to your presentation.Pay attention to the design and layout,and carefully check all text.Giving an introduction to a nat
408、ural history museumA natural history museum can both keep and reveal natures secrets.Its collections and exhibits tell us about our own history as well as that of the world long before humans appeared on Earth.By combining research with learning experiences,a natural history museum can arouse our in
409、terest in the world and help us understand it better.UNIT 5 ProjectProject77InvestigatePlanCreatePresent1Visit UNESCOs official website to find out what natural heritage sites there are in China.Write down the names of the three sites that you would most like to visit.2Work in groups.Share the three
410、 sites you have chosen with your group members.3Choose the top three sites that your group wants to visit and do further research online or in the library to find out:their locations how many visitors each of them receives each day/month/year what the key features of each site are why they are signi
411、ficant what is being done to protect them any interesting facts and figures1Decide what information about the natural heritage sites to include in your brochure.2Make a list of visuals,such as photos,diagrams and maps.3Draft the layout of your brochure.1Write the text for your brochure.2Select or cr
412、eate suitable visuals.3Set up the layout of your brochure.4Insert your content.Present your brochure to the class.Find out which place they would most like to visit and why.Making a natural heritage brochureFrom ocean reefs to mountain peaks,there are many natural heritage sites all over the world.U
413、NESCO the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organisation maintains a list of sites of outstanding natural importance,so as to protect,conserve and promote awareness of them.UNIT 6 Project78Appendices Learning aid Words and expressions Vocabulary Names and placesWe could also say I w
414、alk through the doors and get to the waiting area.There is a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension here.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs and look through old magazines.All of the magazines have been read many times before.1 I walk through the doors into the waiting area,where theres a
415、 familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs,looking through old magazines,all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.2 Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better,which means clown doctors can be helpful
416、.We are specially trained clowns who work as part of a programme known as“hospital clowning”.U N I TLearning aidI walk through the doors into the waiting area,where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.I walk through the doors into the waiting area.Theres a familiar atmosphere of bore
417、dom and tension here.这句里的 where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension 是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的 the waiting area。Q：什么是非限制性定语从句？A：非限制性定语从句是指对先行词加以描述、解释或补充说明的定语从句。它不是句中不可或缺的部分，如果去掉它，不会影响主句意思的完整性。在形式上，非限制性定语从句同主句之间一般用逗号隔开。Q：能够引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有哪些？A：能够引导非限制性定语从句的关系词包括关系代词 which，who，whom，whose 和关系副词when
418、，where。Key expressionsin paindo a great jobmore often than notwork closely withdo the trickthrow light onbrand of put on the spotthink on ones feethurry awayroar with laughtertell off81Learning aidLearning aidWe could also say And my magic is like medicine.It does indeed seem to be effective.We coul
419、d also say We might not enjoy these jokes as much as the people who first heard them did,but the authors understood that humour could help people understand sensitive or emotional issues as well as make them laugh.4 And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick.5 While these same jokes migh
420、t not be as funny to us now as they were then,their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.do the trick:if something does the trick,it solves a problem or provides what is needed to get a good resultegThe surgery on my knee see
421、med to do the trick.throw light on:to provide new information that helps you understand somethingegI had hoped that he would be able to throw some light on the problem.Background informationHospital clowning is also known as“clown care”.Specially trained clowns visit health care facilities and use m
422、agic tricks,music,storytelling and other clowning skills to entertain children and make the hospital feel more welcoming.Professional clown doctors began working in hospitals in 1986 in the US and now there are clown doctor programmes in many countries.more often than not:most of the timeegMore ofte
423、n than not,I can get the right answers.3 On a typical day,we spend our time cheering up patients,their families,and more often than not,the hospital staff,too!82We could also say Lins audience burst into laughter.With this little joke,Lin was able to make people laugh and to criticise the president
424、in a subtle way.We could also say Similar to Mark Twain,the Chinese writer Lin Yutang was soon to become famous for his unique style of humour.tell off:to criticise someone angrily for doing something wrongegThe teacher told me off for talking in class today.8 Lins audience roared with laughter.With
425、 this little joke,Lin was able to make people laugh,while gently telling off the president.7 Once,having been invited to dinner at a university,he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech.Thinking on his feet,Lin started to tell a story about a cruel Roman emperor w
426、ho tried to feed a man to wild animals.put on the spot:if you put someone on the spot,you cause them embarrassment or difficulty by forcing them at that moment to answer a difficult question or make an important decisioneg I dont want to put you on the spot,but Im really curious about how you know T
427、im.think on ones feet:to have good ideas and make decisions quickly in a difficult situation egYou have to think on your feet in this job.brand of:a particular style of somethingegChurchills brand of politics was not suited to the mood of post-war Britain,and he lost the general election of 1945.6 L
428、ike Twain,but on the other side of the world,Lin Yutang was soon to become famous for his unique brand of humour.83Learning aidLearning aidResults of the questionnaire on Page 1Supplementary readingMostly“a”Youre fun to be with,which means most people like you.However,make sure youre not the type of
429、 person who does things only to please other people.Its also important to make time for the things that you enjoy,otherwise you might end up feeling miserable.Mostly“b”Your close friends probably think youre fun to be with,which is great,but what about other people?Try making an effort to understand
430、 others and accept that not everyone has the same sense of humour or fun.Mostly“c”Youre probably really happy to spend time by yourself,but try sharing your time and interests with others.Finding people you can laugh with and have adventures with is what lifelong friendships are all about.The Fable
431、of the Chicken Some stories have universal appeal:they go beyond the boundaries of individual countries and cultures.Sometimes they achieve this by using animal characters with human faults and weaknesses.By doing this,the storyteller does not have to make references to a specific culture.Such stori
432、es that include animals and focus on what is right and what is wrong are called“fables”.Fables can be found all over the world,part of their appeal being how they add humour to a more serious message.Some fables are very old,for example those said to be written by Aesop.Although we often do not know
433、 who first told the fables,they are passed down through the generations from storyteller to storyteller,as is the case with The Fable of the Chicken from Africa.Once upon a time,all the animals were called to an early morning meeting.As they gathered in the public square,one of them,the chicken,was
434、seen by her neighbours going in the opposite direction.“Hey,Chicken!Why are you going away from the square?”they asked.“Didnt you receive the invitation?”84“Yes,I did,”replied the chicken.“And I would of course come to the meeting.The thing is,I have some very important personal business that I must
435、 attend to.Now,if youll excuse me,I really must go home.Please let everyone at the meeting know how sorry I am.Tell them that although I wont be there in body,Ill certainly be there in spirit!Whatever you decide,you can count on my complete support.Bye!”The question that the animals were due to deba
436、te was what to do with the issue of humans making frequent animal sacrifices.After a lively but surprisingly short debate,they decided that they would offer the humans just one animal to sacrifice on a regular basis.All they asked in exchange was that the humans left the other animals in peace.The d
437、ecision about which animal to offer was reached without any disagreement.They chose the chicken.85Learning aidLearning aidWe could also say“We are sorry to tell you”Every writer is afraid of receiving these words,but they are familiar with them.The writer receives the response from a publisher,and o
438、pens it with excitement and starts to read it.And they feel very disappointed when they come to that final sentence.这句中的 receiving 是动词的-ing 形式作 dread 的宾语。Q：后接动词的-ing 形式作宾语的动词有哪些？A：有些动词后面通常用动词的-ing 形式作宾语，如 avoid，enjoy，mind 等。Q：哪些动词后面既可以用动词的-ing 形式，又可以用动词不定式作宾语？A：有些动词后面可以用这两种形式作宾语，且两种用法意思通常相同，如 like，l
439、ove，prefer，hate，start 等。但有些动词后接这两种形式时意思不同，如 forget，remember，stop 等。Q：动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式作宾语时，其否定形式是什么？A：动词的-ing 形式作宾语的否定形式是 not+-ing。例如：When Im on holiday,I enjoy not having to get up early.动词不定式作宾语的否定形式是 not+to do。例如：We decided not to go out because of the weather.1“We regret to inform you”These are t
440、he words that every writer dreads receiving,but words every writer knows well.The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it,their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence.U N I T2 Take for example J.K.Rowling.When she received her first rejection letter
441、,she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers,and stuck it on her kitchen wall.Key expressionsregret to dotake for examplehave in commonstick onalong the lines ofturn downa total ofwithin the pages ofplay a partbe stricken blind and deafappreciative ofworthy o
442、f noteprobe intogo aboutclose in ondescend upongive one hint to86Background informationJ.K.Rowling,born in 1965,is a British author and screenwriter,best known for her Harry Potter series of books.Before her first novel was published,Rowling was working as a teacher in Edinburgh and using every spar
443、e moment to work on its manuscript.Now she is one of the worlds best-selling authors.Background informationBorn on New Years Day 1919,J.D.Salinger was raised in Manhattan.He attended night school at Columbia University,where his professor recognised his talent as a writer and helped him get some of
444、his stories published.After achieving literary fame from the publication of The Catcher in the Rye in 1951,Salinger lived a very private life until his death in 2010.3 J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school,but later struggled to get his works published.4 Perhaps the overall prize
445、 for perseverance should go to three sisters from VictorianEngland who dreamt of seeing their words in print.This,however,was a time whenwomen were not encouraged to become writers.As the then Poet Laureate,RobertSouthey,wrote to one of them:“Literature cannot be the business of a womanslife,and it
446、ought not to be.”have in common:to share the same interests or to have similar characteristicsegI found I had a lot in common with these people.Background information The Bront sisters,Charlotte(18161855),Emily(18181848)and Anne(18201849),lived in nineteenth-century Yorkshire,England.In 1846,they pa
447、id to publish their own poetry,and like many of their female contemporaries they used male names to do this.In 1847,Wuthering Heights by Emily,Agnes Grey by Anne and Jane Eyre by Charlotte were published,and Jane Eyre became one of the best-sellers of that year.Robert Southey(17741843)was an English
448、 poet.He was Poet Laureate for 30 years.A Poet Laureate is a person who has been officially chosen to write poetry for the countrys important occasions.87Learning aidLearning aidBackground informationThis passage was excerpted from Helen Kellers essay“Three Days to See”.Helen Keller(18801968)was an
449、American writer,lecturer and social activist.She was born with the ability to see and hear.Aged just 19 months old,she lost her hearing and sight as the result of an illness.With the help of her teacher,Anne Sullivan,she overcame her disabilities and went on to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.5 I hav
450、e often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.We could also sayI have often thought that if everyone became blind and deaf for a few days at some time when they are young,it would be a good thing.6 How
451、was it possible,I asked myself,to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note?I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch.worthy of note:important or interesting and deserving particular attentionegThese are the recent books that are especially wo
452、rthy of note.go about:to do something that you usually doegThe villagers were going about their business as usual.close in on:to move closer to someone or something,especially in order to attack themegEnemy soldiers closed in on them from all sides.7 Today I shall spend in the workaday world,amid th
453、e haunts of men going about the business of life.8 At midnight permanent night would close in on me again.88Supplementary readingA Story of Survival On 5 December 1914,the ship Endurance left the remote island of South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean.On board the ship were twenty-seven men and t
454、heir leader,the Irish explorer Ernest Shackleton.Shackletons goal was to become the first person to cross the frozen continent of Antarctica.Despite warnings of bad ice conditions at sea,Shackleton thought this journey of almost 3,000 kilometres would take just six months.Early in 1915,with land of
455、Antarctica in sight,the Endurance became trapped in the ice.Shackleton and his men lived on the ship for ten months while they waited for the ice to melt.When the ice did begin to melt,it started to destroy the ship,leaving the men with no other choice but to set up camp on the ice.It was from this
456、cold,wet and uncomfortable camp that they watched the Endurance sink into the icy sea.In April 1916,Shackleton and his men eventually left the ice in three small boats that had been on the Endurance.After seven long and difficult days,they reached Elephant Island,an uninhabited island little more th
457、an a large rock in the sea.Once there,Shackleton realised that their only hope was to sail back to South Georgia.This meant crossing the Weddell Sea,one of the roughest waters in the world.Shackleton and his men had crossed the Weddell Sea in the Endurance,but doing so in a small boat was considered
458、 deadly.With no other alternative,Shackleton and five other men set sail in a small boat across the Weddell Sea.After more than two terrible weeks of strong winds and monster waves,the boat reached South Georgia Island.But the journey was not yet over for the exhausted men they then had to endure th
459、irty-six hours of walking and climbing over mountains to reach the whale hunters camp.The whale hunters couldnt believe their eyes when they saw the six men approaching.More than three months later,Shackleton returned to Elephant Island to rescue the men that he had been forced to leave there.He mig
460、ht have failed in his goal to cross Antarctica,but he had ensured that everyone on board the Endurance survived.89Learning aidLearning aid1 A far cry from the bright lights and shiny courts of the National Basketball Association(NBA),it was along this road that Stephens grandfather built a simple ba
461、sket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole.2 The bumps and rocks that lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce in all directions.Knowing where the ball would go wasnt easy.He had to adjust his own playing style as a result.We could also say Along this road,Stephens gra
462、ndfather built a simple basket by fixing a piece of plastic to a telephone pole.It was very different from the bright lights and shiny courts of the National Basketball Association(NBA).a far cry from:very different fromegThis place was a far cry from the village where she grew up.Background informa
463、tionThe National Basketball Association(NBA)is the main professional basketball league in the United States.It was formed in 1946 as the Basketball Association of America and renamed as the National Basketball Association when it merged with the National Basketball League in 1949.The NBA originated
464、with eleven teams,and currently consists of thirty teams;twenty-nine of these teams are located in the US,and one in Canada.Key expressionsa far cry fromattach tosharpen ones skillsfollow in ones footstepsset out to doliving proofgo wildburst ontobe assigned toups and downs903 Shooting with great ac
465、curacy was another thing he learnt.Only shots perfectly aimed at its centre went into the heavy,thick basket.In this way,practising day in and day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills.4 Despite his fathers successful career,Stephen was thought by many people,including his high school teammates and
466、coaches,to be too short,too thin and too weak to follow in his fathers footsteps.We could also sayAnother thing he learnt was shooting accurately.The ball could go into the heavy,thick basket only when he shot perfectly at its centre.In this way,Stephen improved his skills day after day.Knowing wher
467、e the ball would go wasnt easy.It wasnt easy knowing where the ball would go.Knowing where the ball would go 是动词的-ing 形式作句子主语。也可用 it 作形式主语，把动词的-ing 形式放到句子后部去。Q：动词的-ing 形式在句中作主语有哪些形式？A：一般而言，有三种形式，（1）在句首直接作主语；（2）it 在句首作形式主语，动词的-ing形式在句子后部作真正的主语；（3）There be+no+动词的-ing形式。例如：There was no telling when thi
468、s might happen again.意为“没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生”。Q：动词的-ing 形式作主语时，句子的谓语动词要用单数吗？A：是的。动词的-ing 形式作主语通常表示抽象性、经常性以及习惯性动作，谓语动词要用单数。Q：动词的-ing 形式作主语和动词不定式作主语有何区别？A：动词的-ing 形式作主语通常表示抽象动作，往往是普通的、一般的行为；动词不定式作主语通常表示某次具体动作或行为。前者表示已知的事情或经验，后者通常表示一件未完成的事情或未达成的目的。例如：Reading French is easier than speaking it.意为“读法语比讲法语容易”；
469、To stop the work now seems impossible.意为“现在把工作停下来似乎已不可能”。91Learning aidLearning aidWe could also sayStephen Curry has motivated others to believe in themselves.He is a good example to show that the opinions of others do not have to affect who you are and what you achieve.With self-belief,hard work,d
470、etermination and some help from the simple basket his grandfather built,Stephen has proved that nothing is impossible.We could also sayThe atmosphere here at Rio de Janeiro is exciting!If China gets this point,they will win an Olympic gold medal.Zhang Changning hits the ball over the net.On the othe
471、r side,Popovic moves quickly to save the ball.follow in ones footsteps:to do the same job or to work or live in the same way as someone else before you,especially someone in your familyegHe is a doctor and expects his son to follow in his footsteps.living proof:a good example of how true a particula
472、r fact isegHe is living proof that people can make their dreams come true.5 Inspiring others to believe in themselves,Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become.Through self-belief,hard work,perseverance and some help from an old hoop
473、,he has shown that anything is possible.6 The atmosphere here at Rio de Janeiro is electric!If China wins this point,they will walk out of the stadium with an Olympic gold medal.Zhang Changning serves.Over the net,Popovic dives for the ball.We could also sayMany people,including his high school team
474、mates and coaches,thought Stephen was too short,too thin and too weak to have a basketball career as successful as his fathers.92We could also sayIn the 1980s,the team suddenly became famous in the international volleyball scene with several major world titles,and they beat the United States three t
475、o zero in the final of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.They became national heroes quickly.They won gold once more at Athens in 2004.But it is the teams victory in Rio that best represents their competitive spirit.burst onto:to suddenly appear and become very successful egThe band burst onto the music
476、 scene in 1997.8 Their perseverance paid off with an epic comeback against the defending champion Brazil in the quarter-finals.Next,the Chinese team defeated the Netherlands in the semi-final matches,having lost to them in the preliminaries.At last,showing a strong will and the steeliest nerves,they
477、 played a close match against Serbia to seize gold in the final.9 Lang is only too aware that as soon as a team steps off the victory podium,they need to start from zero to prepare for new challenges ahead.We could also sayThe Chinese team was rewarded for their perseverance.They defeated the defend
478、ing champion Brazil in the quarter-finals.Next,in the semi-final matches,they played against the Netherlands,who had previously beaten them.This time,the Chinese team won.The final saw them in a fierce fight against Serbia,and they won gold with a strong will and determination.We could also sayLang
479、knows only too well that a team needs to start from zero to prepare for new challenges ahead after ranking at the top.7 In the 1980s,the team burst onto the international volleyball scene with several major world titles,and an amazing three-set victory over the United States in the final of the 1984
480、 Los Angeles Olympics.They became national heroes overnight.There was gold once more at Athens in 2004.But winning gold in Rio paints the most vivid portrait of the teams competitive spirit.93Learning aidLearning aidSupplementary readingThe Cloud Runners Today,the first thing you see when you drive
481、into the small town of McFarland,California,is a welcome poster.“Home of the State Champions,”it says proudly.Written across the bottom are the names of the members of the running teams that have brought McFarland nine state championships over the past twenty years.Today,this little farming town is
482、the“home of champions”,but things werent always like this.It all began with a group of seven young men,who were McFarland High Schools first running team.They were called“cloud runners”because it looked like they were floating on a brown cloud of dust as they carved paths through the surrounding fie
483、lds.They werent a very good team.But the turning point came one hot summer afternoon when the young men were doing hill practice.As there were no hills in McFarland,their coach,Jim White,made them run up and down large piles of nut shells covered in white plastic sheets.“Enough!”one of the young men
484、 cried.The sound of breaking shells could be heard as he beat his fists on the sheet.The plastic tore and a river of nut shells poured out.“Do you know what these are,Mr White?Theyre almond shells.Do you know where they come from?My family has been working on farms picking almonds for forty years.Yo
485、u and your family,living in your big comfortable home,eat these without giving a single thought to where they came from.And now you are making us run on them!Ive had enough!”“Were losers,Mr White,not winners,”another young man continued,his face wet with tears and sweat.“Nothing has changed here for
486、 forty years and nothings ever going to change!Running is for rich kids in private schools in the big city,not for us poor farm boys.We cant even afford real shoes for running.We belong in the fields,picking.Were pickers.Im going home!”Something in Jim Whites heart changed that day.He went into the
487、fields and worked with the“pickers”.He bought running shoes for the boys.He spent evenings having dinner with the boys families.His wife baked and sold cookies to raise money.One small act of kindness led to another.Other families began to take notice,and slowly,the entire town came to support Mr Wh
488、ite as he helped these young men change from farm workers to champions.94U N I Tto create something 是动词不定式作表语。turning to his childrens toys 在句中作表语，对主语进行解释、说明。Q：动词不定式作表语有何功能？A：动词不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等。Q：动词不定式作表语时 to 能否省略？A：一般情况下，不定式作表语 to 不能省略。但也有特殊情况，即其前面的主语从句中含有do时，可以省略 to。例如：
489、All I could do was wait.此外，由 and 或 or 等连接并列的动词不定式时，第二个（和后面的）不定式可以省略 to。Q：动词的-ing 形式作表语有何功能？A：动词的-ing 形式作表语用来说明主语的内容，表示主语的某种性质或状态。当与主语是同一概念的时候，主语与表语的位置可以互换。例如本句也可以改为：Turning to his childrens toys is one way for him to find inspiration.1 Every artists wish is to create something that expresses an idea
490、.2 One way for him to find inspiration is turning to his childrens toys.3 He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the“Dragon Gate”.This story came to life for Hofman when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there.Key expressionson displaycome to lifeso as
491、to dogo deeper intobring outlabel asunfamiliar withexpect the unexpected95Learning aidLearning aidinterested in the old story 在句中作表语，表示一种状态。Q：动词的-ed 形式作表语和被动语态有何区别？A:动词的-ed形式作表语通常用来描写情景、叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态，而被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成。试比较以下两个句子：（1）The shop is closed now.（2）It was closed by the manager.此外，过
492、去分词用作表语时，在功能上更接近形容词，它不仅可用于系动词 be 之后，也可根据需要用于其他系动词（如 seem）之后，而被动语态中的过去分词动作意味较强，它只能与助动词 be（有时可能是 get）构成被动结构，不宜用于其他动词之后。We could also sayTan Duns music combines Chinese musical traditions and Western influences.You can experience it when listening to his music.Nine Songs was Tan Duns first opera.From t
493、hen on,he has been using a combination of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories.4 To listen to Tans music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences.Since his first opera,Nine Songs,Tan Dun has been using a combination of Chinese music and
494、sounds from all over the world to tell stories.Background informationTan Dun is a Chinese contemporary classical composer and conductor.His works often incorporate audiovisual elements(achieved using instruments constructed from materials such as paper,water and stone)and are often inspired by tradi
495、tional Chinese theatrical and ritual performances.In 2013,he was named a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador.He has won numerous awards for his works,including an Academy Award,a Grammy Award and a BAFTA Award.5 Yang Lipings passion is dancing.After winning a national competition in 1986 with her Spirit of t
496、he Peacock dance,she has been known as the“Peacock Princess”.We could also sayYang Liping loves dancing.She won a national dance competition in 1986 with her Spirit of the Peacock.After that,she became famous as the“Peacock Princess”.96We could also sayYet Michelangelo and others have been categoris
497、ed as“artists”instead of“technicians”.This shows that art and technology have always been seen as two very different things.We could also sayA recent project used technology and data just like Rembrandt used his paints and brushes.The result was that a new“Rembrandt painting”was created by using 3D
498、technology 347 years after the artists death.The development shows that computers could soon take the place of humans in creating art.6 Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as“artists”rather than“technicians”.This means that art and technology have always been seen as two very separate thi
499、ngs.7 A recent project used technology and data in the same way that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes.The end result,printed in 3D,was a new“Rembrandt painting”created 347 years after the artists death.These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than humans cre
500、ate art.label as:to use a word or phrase to describe someone or something as belonging to a particular categoryegThe newspapers had unjustly labelled him as a troublemaker.Background informationRembrandt van Rijn(16061669)was a Dutch painter and printmaker and is one of the most important figures in
501、 European art.He is also known as a painter of light and shade and as an artist who favoured a realism that leads some critics to claim that he preferred ugliness to beauty.His many self-portraits provide us with a visual autobiography.97Learning aidLearning aidSupplementary readingThe Hidden Letter
502、 At the height of his fame as a musician and composer,Ludwig van Beethoven slowly began to lose his hearing.Beethoven did everything he possibly could to keep his disability a secret from everyone.As his hearing got worse and worse,doctors sent him to the village of Heiligenstadt,near Vienna,in the
503、hope that he would recover.It was there,after realising the awful truth that his disability was permanent,that Beethoven wrote a letter to his two brothers,confessing his terrible secret.Beethoven,however,never sent them the letter.He kept it hidden in a drawer in his desk.It was found years after h
504、is death.Now known as the Heiligenstadt Testament,this letter reveals much about the heart and soul of this great artist.Oh you men who think or say that I am bitter,stubborn,or unfriendly,how greatly do you wrong me.You do not know the secret reason which makes me seem that way to you.From childhoo
505、d on my heart and soul have been full of kindness,but for six years now,I have been forced to remove myself from society,to live life alone.Ah,how could I possibly admit an illness in the one sense,the sense of hearing,which should be more perfect in me than others,a sense which I once possessed in
506、the highest perfection,a perfection that few in my profession enjoy or ever have enjoyed.Oh I cannot do it;therefore forgive me when you see me withdraw when I would have gladly joined you in conversation.If I approach near to people,a hot terror seizes upon me,and I fear being exposed to the danger
507、 that my weakness might be noticed.Thus it has been during the last six months which I have spent in the country.How shameful it is for me when someone standing next to me heard a flute or person singing in the distance and I heard nothing.Such events drove me almost to hopelessness;a little more of
508、 that and I would have ended my life it was only my art that held me back.Ah,it seemed impossible for me to leave the world until I had expressed all that I felt was within me.Patience,they say,is what I must now choose for my guide,and I have done so I hope my courage will remain firm to continue u
509、ntil the bitter end.Perhaps I shall get better,perhaps not;I am ready.you know well that deep within me lives the love of mankind and the desire to do good.Oh fellow men,when some day you read these words,reflect that you have done me no justice.Farewell and love each other.With joy I race towards d
510、eath.(Adaptation from“Heiligenstadt Testament”by Ludwig van Beethoven)98We could also say The captain of the ship,the Beagle,needed someone who would benefit from the chance to visit countries that were far away and then unknown.One person applied for the job,but he was not the person that the capta
511、in would have chosen first.We could also say The young man we are talking about here is Charles Darwin.He was a geologist and naturalist and he was very interested in rocks,plants and animals.Background informationCharles Darwin(18091882)was an English geologist and naturalist.He is known for his Th
512、eory of Evolution by natural selection.His father wanted him to study medicine,but he was more interested in natural science.After achieving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1831,he started his five-year voyage on the Beagle,which led to his important discoveries and his famous work On the Origin of Spe
513、cies.first choice:the thing or person you like bestegActing wasnt her first choice of vocation.in question:being discussed or consideredegThe photograph in question was taken long before I met you.1 The captain of the ship,the Beagle,wanted someone who would“profit by the opportunity of visiting dis
514、tant countries yet little known”.The person who answered the call was not the captains first choice.2 The young man in question,Charles Darwin,was a geologist and naturalist,fascinated by rocks,plants and animals.Key expressionsfirst choiceof all timein questionbe crowded withcome to existadapt toa
515、variety oftiny amounts ofdrive away99Learning aidLearning aidBackground informationThe Galpagos Islands are situated in the Pacific Ocean around 1,000 kilometres off the west coast of South America.This remote location is in part responsible for the islands diverse wildlife,such as the giant tortois
516、e.The unusual development of the wildlife on the islands,notably the many types of finches,was the inspiration for Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution.Today,scientists as well as tourists visit the Galpagos Islands to experience the variety of flora and fauna.3 When the Beagle reached the Galpagos I
517、slands in 1835,Darwin saw a variety of new species,but it was the birds that interested him the most.a variety of:a lot of things of the same type that are different from each other in some wayegThe island offers such a wide variety of scenery and wildlife.Q：过去完成时的功能是什么？A:过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或
518、状态，也可以说是“过去的过去”。Q：过去完成时和现在完成时有什么区别？A:现在完成时以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去，而过去完成时则以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去。例如：I have lived in Beijing for one year.表示到现在为止，“我已经在北京住了一年了”；I had lived in Shanghai for three years before I went to Beijing.则表示在“去北京”这个过去的动作发生之前，“我曾在上海住了三年”。4 Darwin explained this theory in his book,On the Orig
519、in of Species.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refused to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life.had evolved 是过去完成时，其结构是“had+过去分词”，意为“had evolved”这个动作发生在“refused”之前。100Background information Alexander the Great(35632
520、3 BC)was a Macedonian ruler and one of historys greatest military leaders.As king of Macedonia,he established the largest empire the ancient world had ever seen.Marco Polo(12541324)was a Venetian merchant and explorer believed to have journeyed from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295 and have remained
521、 in China for 17 of those years.He was known for his book The Travels of Marco Polo,which describes his voyage to and experiences in Asia.Avatar is a 2009 American science fiction film directed by James Cameron.It tells the story of a marine who is sent to the moon Pandora and becomes torn between f
522、ollowing his orders and protecting the world he feels is his home.5 Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.And in some modern stories,such as the film Avatar,trees can communicate with animals and people.We could also sayWhile we have believed for a long ti
523、me that talking plants are unreal,new research has found out something amazing:it seems that plants can talk to each other after all.6 With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy,new research has revealed something amazing:it appears that plants can communicate after all.Supplementary rea
524、dingAntarctica:the Last Continent Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.Its also the driest.With very little rainfall,Antarctica is technically a desert.Covering about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole,it is the fifth largest continent in the world.Antarctica holds about 90 per c
525、ent of the worlds ice,with most of its fresh water in a frozen state.Almost all of 101Learning aidLearning aidits surface is covered by a vast ice sheet.Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline,while other winds blow round the coast.It is difficult to imagine a more unwelco
526、ming place.Yet Antarctica is home to a variety of wildlife that has adapted to its extreme conditions.There are different types of penguins,flying birds,seals and whales.Most animals survive thanks to their fat,which protects them from the cold.But the long Antarctic winter night,as well as the extr
527、eme cold and lack of rainfall,means that only a few primitive plants can grow.Most of the ice in Antarctica has been there for thousands of years.As a result,it has become a window to the past,and can give researchers lots of useful information.Gases and minerals,in the form of volcanic dust trapped
528、 in the ice,can tell us a lot about the history of our planets climate.Likewise,the rocks are also very important for scientific research.Incredibly,Antarctica is the best place in the world to find meteorites,meaning that not only is it a window to the past,but also to the solar system.Antarctica w
529、as the last continent to be discovered.But more than 2,000 years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the frozen land in the north.They called it Anti-Arktikos,or Antarctica:the opposite of the Arctic.It wasnt until 1895 that the first confirmed
530、 landing was conducted by a team of Norwegians.Today,scientists from many countries travel to Antarctica to study its resources.In 1959,an agreement was signed by twelve countries,and since then many more countries have joined.The countries discuss topics together,such as scientific cooperation and
531、protecting the environment.They are committed to making sure that Antarctica should not become the scene or object of international conflict.1022 To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands,675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.1 Wild animals su
532、ch as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.Q：现在完成进行时的用法是什么？A:现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直延续到现 在的动作，该动作在说话时仍在继续进行，而 且可能还要继续下去。这个时态常和 recently，all day，this week 等状语或 for，since 引导的时间状语连用。例如：It has bee
533、n raining all day.意为“雨已经下了一整天”，表示下雨这个动作从过去一直延续到现在，很有可能继续下雨。Q：现在完成进行时和现在完成时有什么区别？A:首先，现在完成时更多地体现动作的完成，而现在完成进行时则更强调动作的延续。例如：I have knocked at the door twice.意为“我敲了两次门”；I have been knocking at the door for five minutes.意为“我不断敲门已经敲了五分钟了”，强调现在还在敲门，很有可能接着敲门。其次，现在完成进行时有时带有感情色彩，而现在完成时则是平铺直叙，说明一个事实、一种影响或结果。例
534、如：Who has been shouting outside?意为“谁一直在外面大喊大叫呢？”，带有某种不满的情绪；Who has shouted outside?意为“谁在外面大喊大叫来着？”，则只是询问一件事情。have been using，其结构是“have/has+been+现在分词”，意为“（类似藏羚羊等野生动物）已经使用（通道有好几年了）”。Key expressionsovercome the challengesamong the top concernscatch ones eyeat ones leisurebring to lifehighlight the impo
535、rtance ofbe made up ofunder threatin favour of103Learning aidLearning aidBackground informationGolmud is a city on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,to the west of Xining,in Qinghai Province.The area holds large resources of natural minerals,such as gold,copper,jade and precious stones.Background informatio
536、nCuona Lake is located in Chinas Tibet Autonomous Region.It is the source lake of Nu River and is also the highest fresh water lake in the world.It can be seen on the right(west)as the train passes Cuona Lake Railway Station towards Lhasa.Background informationThe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in South-west
537、 China is the highest plateau in the world.With an average elevation of about 4,000 to 5,000 metres,the Plateau is surrounded by massive mountain ranges.It is home to over one hundred nature reserves and many rare species of animals and plants.3 As we pass Cuona Lake,I feel a sense of pride and achi
538、evement.4 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting peoples admiration for centuries.Background informationThe Great Barrier Reef is located off the coast of Queensland,Australia.It is the worlds largest reef system and comprises around 3,000 individual reefs.Because of its natural beauty,the Gr
539、eat Barrier Reef has become one of the worlds most popular destinations,attracting about two million visitors each year.5 How would you like to spend six months living on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef?1046 More than 25 million years old,the Great Barrier Reef is made up of livin
540、g coral growing on dead coral.It is host to many species of birds and sea creatures.But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from pollution and climate change.7 In addition to blogging,taking photos and writing articles about the Reef,he made a number of appearances on television to ar
541、gue in favour of its defence.He also worked as a presenter for the National Geographic Channel,before going on to write a book about his experiences.be made up of:to be composed ofegThe committee is made up of six women.in favour of:if you are in favour of something,you support it and think that it
542、is a good thingegI am all in favour of trying to find ways to save money.under threat:if a person or thing is under threat,there is a danger that something bad might be done to them,or that they might cease to existegThe ecosystem is under threat.Background informationThe National Geographic Channel
543、 is an American digital cable and satellite television network.The channel features documentaries with factual content involving nature,science,culture and history,plus some reality and pseudo-scientific programmes.Supplementary readingIs Wildlife Ecotourism Eco-friendly?“Join our exciting wildlife
544、watching tours and experience the holiday of a lifetime!”Eco-wildlife tours like this are becoming more and more popular with tourists.The opportunity to see whales and dolphins swimming in their natural habitat is so much better than seeing these great mammals in zoos and aquariums.As your boat edg
545、es out into the blue water,a group of dolphins come to greet you and swim around the boat,105Learning aidLearning aidjumping playfully around you.In some places,tour companies even encourage tourists to go swimming with the dolphins.These intelligent mammals seem to enjoy our company,and interact wi
546、th us.But is it possible that this kind of human activity is putting their survival at risk?A recent study has shown that the behaviour of whales and dolphins changes greatly when they are close to boats.Interpreting the boats as a possible danger,they start to breathe more quickly.The boats drive t
547、hem away from the places where they feed and interrupt their routine of resting and taking care of their young.All of these factors could have a very negative effect on their general health.Another factor that should be taken into account is the effect of human attention on the animals.As they becom
548、e more used to interacting with humans,they become less afraid of them.There have been several cases of tour boats running into dolphins or whales and causing their deaths.As dolphins live within close communities,events like these cause a lot of stress.Perhaps the best way to protect these animals
549、is to reduce our interaction with them.This we could do by keeping a minimum distance between the animals and the boats,and by limiting the number of boats out on the water at one time.Most importantly,instead of disrupting these animals routines,we should try to adapt to them.In this way,we could l
550、earn to exist in harmony with these wild animals and ensure our continued co-existence on the planet that we all share.106107Words and expressionsUNIT 1mood/mud/n.心情1circus/sks/n.马戏团2amusement/mjuzmnt/n.娱乐，消遣2amusement park 游乐场2*curly/kli/adj.卷曲的2*wig/w/n.假发2*badge/bd/n.徽章2ankle/k()l/n.脚踝2*clown/kla
551、n/n.小丑2entertain/entten/v.使快乐3health care 医疗保健3cheer up （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来3do the trick 奏效，达到预期效果3examine/zmn/v.检查（身体）3advertisement/dvtsmnt/n.广告4employer/mpl/n.雇用者，雇主4essential/sen()l/adj.极其重要的，必不可少的5impress/mpres/v.使钦佩，使留下深刻印象5*grin/rn/v.露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑6deserve/dzv/v.应得，应受到6long face 愁眉苦脸6laughing stock 笑料
552、，笑柄6crack a smile 笑了起来6practical joke 恶作剧7*fame/fem/n.名声，名誉8*linguist/lwst/n.语言学家8*witty/wti/adj.说话风趣的；妙趣横生的8*medieval/mediiv()l/adj.中世纪的，中古时期的8*emotive/mtv/adj.使情绪激动的8*mischievous/mstvs/adj.调皮的，淘气的8*remark/rmk/n.言论；意见，评论8interaction/ntrk()n/n.交流8*barber/bb/n.男理发师8shave/ev/n.刮脸，刮胡子8fellow/fel/n.男人；家
553、伙8*brand/brnd/n.品牌，牌子8brand of humour 某种类型的幽默8concept/knsept/n.概念，观念8spot/spt/n.地点，处所9put sb on the spot （故意提出难以回答或尴尬的 问题）使某人难堪9cruel/krul/adj.残忍的9whisper/wsp/v.悄声说，低语9*roar/r/v.哄笑，大笑9*gently/dentli/adv.温和地；轻柔地9tell off 斥责，责骂9*illuminate/lumnet/v.照亮，照明9注：词汇表中，未加符号的单词为选择性必修单词；加*的为未做要求的单词。Words and ex
554、pressionsWords and expressions108*equation/kwe()n/n.等式，方程式9complicated/kmplketd/adj.难处理的；难懂的9conclude/knklud/v.结束，终止10composer/kmpz/n.作曲家11fall behind 不能按时完成（工作）11UNIT 2debt/det/n.债务，欠款13pace/pes/n.速度；进度13*inform/nfm/v.通知，告知14*dread/dred/v.畏惧，惧怕14rarely/reli/adv.很少，难得14*overnight/vnat/adv.突然，一下子14re
555、jection/rdek()n/n.拒绝，否决14nevertheless/nevles/adv.然而，不过14*persevere/psv/v.锲而不舍，坚持不懈14criticism/krtsz()m/n.批评；指责15*manuscript/mnjskrpt/n.手稿，底稿15*rye/ra/n.黑麦15*best-seller/bestsel/n.畅销书；畅销产品15*Victorian/vktrin/adj.英国维多利亚（女王）时代的15*laureate/lrit/n.重要奖项获得者15Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人15classic/klsk/n.名著；经典作品15*end
556、urance/ndjrns/n.（忍）耐力15guarantee/rnti/v.保证；确保15*delighted/dlatd/adj.愉快的，高兴的15outcome/atkm/n.结果，后果16worthwhile/wwal/adj.重要的；值得做的 17blanket/blkt/n.毯子，毛毯18*beaver/biv/n.河狸，海狸18*cucumber/kjukmb/n.黄瓜18enthusiastic/njuzistk/adj.热心的，热衷的18contest/kntest/n.比赛，竞赛19upset/pset/adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的19elect/lekt/v.选举，推选1
557、9blessing/bles/n.幸事，幸运20appreciative/pritv/adj.感激的20worthy/wi/adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的20worthy of 值得的20mere/m/adj.仅仅，只不过20gentleness/dentlns/n.和蔼，温和20*companionship/kmpnjnp/n.友谊；友好交往20*fingertip/ftp/n.指尖20outline/atlan/n.外形，轮廓20*intoxicate/ntksket/v.使兴奋，使陶醉20*pageant/pd()nt/n.盛大的（露天）演出20the pageant of （历史事件的
558、）缤纷场景20109Words and expressions*probe/prb/v.调查；探究20*dawn/dn/n.黎明，破晓21*delight/dlat/n.使人高兴的事21*revelation/revle()n/n.展现，显示21*workaday/wkde/adj.平凡的；平淡的21*amid/md/prep.在之中21*haunt/hnt/n.（某人）常去的地方21permanent/pmnnt/adj.长久的；永久的21*descend/dsend/v.降临；来临21*mighty/mati/adj.强有力的；雄伟的21strains of 音乐的曲调或旋律21*orch
559、estra/kstr/n.（大型的）管弦乐队21*tactile/tktal/adj.触觉的21*perfume/pfjum/n.香味21*relish/rel/n.享受，乐趣21*morsel/ms()l/n.（尤指食物的）一小片，一小块21*delightful/dlatf()l/adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的21literary/lt()rri/adj.文学的22embarrassed/mbrst/adj.难堪的，尴尬的 23UNIT 3a far cry from 与大不相同26*shiny/ani/adj.光滑发亮的，闪光的26association/ssie()n/n.协会，社团2
560、6muddy/mdi/adj.沾满泥的，泥泞的26*shot/t/n.投球，射球，击球26*backboard/bkbd/n.篮板26give way 倒塌，向下垮26*bump/bmp/n.隆起之处26bounce/bans/v.（使）弹起，（使）反弹26*sharpen/pn/v.使提高，使改进26*teammate/timmet/n.队友26*footstep/ftstep/n.脚步声；足迹26follow in ones footsteps 仿效某人；继承某人（尤指家人）的事业26carry on 继续26*warrior/wri/n.武士，战士27expectation/ekspek
561、te()n/n.预料，预期27beyond ones expectations 超出某人的预期27in a row 连续地27philosophy/flsfi/n.人生哲学27*self-belief/selfblif/n.自信27*hoop/hup/n.（篮球中的）篮圈27cheat/tit/v.欺骗，作弊29*yoga/j/n.瑜伽30roller skating 滑旱冰30remarkable/rmkb()l/adj.非凡的；不寻常的31net/net/n.球网32Words and expressions110*spiker/spak/n.（排球队的）扣球队员，主攻手32*burst/
562、bst/v.突然出现32burst onto 突然出现在（指突然成功）32vivid/vvd/adj.生动的，逼真的33assign/san/v.分配，分派33opponent/pnnt/n.（竞争、比赛等的）对手33*quarter-final/kwtfanl/n.四分之一决赛33*preliminary/prlmn()ri/adj.初步的；预备的33surgery/sd()ri/n.外科手术33pay off 取得成功33*comeback/kmbk/n.东山再起33defeat/dfit/v.战胜，打败33*semi-final/semifanl/n.半决赛33steely/stili/
563、adj.钢铁般的；坚定的33*nerve/nv/n.意志力33seize/siz/v.夺取33cooperation/kpre()n/n.合作，协作33*ingredient/nridint/n.（完成某事的）要素，因素33*teamwork/timwk/n.合作，协作33*podium/pdim/n.表演台，讲台33tournament/tnmnt/n.锦标赛35intense/ntens/adj.紧张的，激烈的35UNIT 4quote/kwt/n.引文，引语37*Dutch/dt/adj.荷兰的39*float/flt/v.浮，漂39folk/fk/adj.民间的，民俗的39tale/t
564、el/n.故事39folk tale 民间故事39motion/m()n/n.动，运动39set in motion 使开始39compose/kmpz/v.作（曲）39*crouch/krat/v.蹲下；蹲伏39*peacock/pikk/n.（雄）孔雀39*princess/prnses/n.公主39*ethnic/enk/adj.民族的39abstract/bstrkt/adj.抽象（派）的42*awe-inspiring/nspar/adj.令人起敬的，令人钦佩的42*installation/nstle()n/n.现代雕塑装置（除物体外还包括光、声等）42wire/wa/n.金属丝；
565、电线42*cable/keb()l/n.电缆42innovative/nvtv/adj.新颖的，创新的42trend/trend/n.趋势，动向43wire fence 铁丝网，铁丝栅栏43contrast/kntrst/n.反差，对比43*Greek/rik/adj.希腊的44111Words and expressionsliterally/lt()rli/adv.根据字面意思44*technician/tekn()n/n.巧匠44*animation/nme()n/n.动画片45distinct/dstkt/adj.清晰的；明显不同的45innovation/nve()n/n.革新，创新
566、48UNIT 5seed/sid/n.种子，籽49distant/dstnt/adj.遥远的50answer the call 响应号召50*disgrace/dsres/n.丢脸，耻辱50be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事50*geologist/dildst/n.地质学家50sample/smp()l/n.样本51*evolve/vlv/v.进化51*finch/fnt/n.雀科鸣禽51*beak/bik/n.鸟嘴，喙51suspect/sspekt/v.猜想，怀疑，觉得51ancestor/nsst/n.（动物的）原种，祖先51*evolution/ivlu()n/n.进化（
567、论）51generate/denret/v.产生，创造52characteristic/krktrstk/n.特征，特性53decline/dklan/v.减少53*tortoise/tts/n.陆龟53blame/blem/v.责怪，指责；把归咎于53goat/t/n.山羊53be native to 源于的，原产于55primitive/prmtv/adj.原始的，低等的55*worldwide/wldwad/adv.遍及全世界55*giant/dant/adj.巨大的，特大的55giant tortoise 巨型陆龟55*mangrove/mrv/n.红树（一种热带树木，生于水中或水边，
568、并从树枝上长出新根须）55*iguana/wn/n.鬣蜥（一种大型热带美洲 蜥蜴）55*comb-like/kmlak/adj.梳状的55*spine/span/n.（动植物的）刺，刺毛55*myth/m/n.（古代的）神话56*legend/led()nd/n.传说，传奇（故事）56detect/dtekt/v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到 的事物）56*wasp/wsp/n.黄蜂56*pesticide/pestsad/n.杀虫剂，农药56root/rut/n.根56*chilli/tli/n.辣椒56link/lk/v.把联系起来；连接56*fungus/fs/n.真菌（复数 fungi）
569、57*fungal/f()l/adj.真菌的57*cybercrime/sabkram/n.网络犯罪57centimetre/sentmit/n.厘米59Words and expressions112UNIT 6*steadily/stedli/adv.平稳地62massive/msv/adj.巨大的62delicate/delkt/adj.脆弱的63*landmark/lndmk/n.地标63splendid/splendd/adj.壮丽的63*permafrost/pmfrst/n.永久冻土层63*Tibetan/tbet()n/adj.西藏的63*antelope/ntlp/n.羚羊6
570、3leisure/le/n.空闲，闲暇63at ones leisure 空闲时63*wetland/wetlnd/n.湿地63*grassland/rslnd/n.草原63radiation/redie()n/n.辐射63mirror-like/mrlak/adj.如镜面般的63wander/wnd/v.徘徊63*scenery/sinri/n.风景，景色63*plateau/plt/n.高原63economy/knmi/n.经济66jungle/d()l/n.（热带）丛林66disturb/dstb/v.干扰，扰乱67*emission/m()n/n.散发物，排放物67operator/p
571、ret/n.经营者67conservationist/knsve()nst/n.（动植物 或古旧建筑的）保护工作者；环境保护主义者 67*via/va/prep.通过（某人、某机器等）传送（某物）；借助于68candidate/knddt/n.申请者68applicant/plknt/n.申请人68favour/fev/n.支持，赞同69in favour of 支持，赞同69advertise/dvtaz/v.（为）做广告（宣传）69genuine/denjun/adj.真的，真正的70salary/slri/n.薪金，工资71negotiable/nib()l/adj.可协商的71pref
572、erence/pref()rns/n.优先（权）71qualification/kwlfke()n/n.技能条件，资格71waist/west/n.腰，腰部71113VocabularyAa far cry from 与大不相同26abstract/bstrkt/adj.抽象（派）的42advertise/dvtaz/v.（为）做广告（宣传）69advertisement/dvtsmnt/n.广告4*amid/md/prep.在之中21amusement/mjuzmnt/n.娱乐，消遣2amusement park 游乐场2ancestor/nsst/n.（动物的）原种，祖先51*animat
573、ion/nme()n/n.动画片45ankle/k()l/n.脚踝2answer the call 响应号召50*antelope/ntlp/n.羚羊63applicant/plknt/n.申请人68appreciative/pritv/adj.感激的20assign/san/v.分配，分派33association/ssie()n/n.协会，社团26at ones leisure 空闲时63*awe-inspiring/nspar/adj.令人起敬的，令人钦佩的42B*backboard/bkbd/n.篮板26*badge/bd/n.徽章2*barber/bb/n.男理发师8be a dis
574、grace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事50be native to 源于的，原产于55*beak/bik/n.鸟嘴，喙51*beaver/biv/n.河狸，海狸18*best-seller/bestsel/n.畅销书；畅销产品15beyond ones expectations 超出某人的预期27blame/blem/v.责怪，指责；把归咎于53blanket/blkt/n.毯子，毛毯18blessing/bles/n.幸事，幸运20bounce/bans/v.（使）弹起，（使）反弹26*brand/brnd/n.品牌，牌子8brand of humour 某种类型的幽默8*bump/bmp/n.隆起
575、之处26*burst/bst/v.突然出现32burst onto 突然出现在（指突然成功）32C*cable/keb()l/n.电缆42candidate/knddt/n.申请者68carry on 继续26centimetre/sentmit/n.厘米59characteristic/krktrstk/n.特征，特性53cheat/tit/v.欺骗，作弊29cheer up （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来3*chilli/tli/n.辣椒56circus/sks/n.马戏团2VocabularyVocabulary114classic/klsk/n.名著；经典作品15*clown/klan
576、/n.小丑2*comb-like/kmlak/adj.梳状的55*comeback/kmbk/n.东山再起33*companionship/kmpnjnp/n.友谊；友好交往20complicated/kmplketd/adj.难处理的；难懂的9compose/kmpz/v.作（曲）39composer/kmpz/n.作曲家11concept/knsept/n.概念，观念8conclude/knklud/v.结束，终止10conservationist/knsve()nst/n.（动植物 或古旧建筑的）保护工作者；环境保护主义者 67contest/kntest/n.比赛，竞赛19contra
577、st/kntrst/n.反差，对比43cooperation/kpre()n/n.合作，协作33crack a smile 笑了起来6criticism/krtsz()m/n.批评；指责15*crouch/krat/v.蹲下；蹲伏39cruel/krul/adj.残忍的9*cucumber/kjukmb/n.黄瓜18*curly/kli/adj.卷曲的2*cybercrime/sabkram/n.网络犯罪57D*dawn/dn/n.黎明，破晓21debt/det/n.债务，欠款13decline/dklan/v.减少53defeat/dfit/v.战胜，打败33delicate/delkt/a
578、dj.脆弱的63*delight/dlat/n.使人高兴的事21*delighted/dlatd/adj.愉快的，高兴的15*delightful/dlatf()l/adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的21*descend/dsend/v.降临；来临21deserve/dzv/v.应得，应受到6detect/dtekt/v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到 的事物）56*disgrace/dsres/n.丢脸，耻辱50distant/dstnt/adj.遥远的50distinct/dstkt/adj.清晰的；明显不同的45disturb/dstb/v.干扰，扰乱67do the trick 奏效，达到预期
579、效果3*dread/dred/v.畏惧，惧怕14*Dutch/dt/adj.荷兰的39Eeconomy/knmi/n.经济66elect/lekt/v.选举，推选19embarrassed/mbrst/adj.难堪的，尴尬的 23115Vocabulary*emission/m()n/n.散发物，排放物67*emotive/mtv/adj.使情绪激动的8employer/mpl/n.雇用者，雇主4*endurance/ndjrns/n.（忍）耐力15entertain/entten/v.使快乐3enthusiastic/njuzistk/adj.热心的，热衷的18*equation/kwe()
580、n/n.等式，方程式9essential/sen()l/adj.极其重要的，必不可少的5*ethnic/enk/adj.民族的39*evolution/ivlu()n/n.进化（论）51*evolve/vlv/v.进化51examine/zmn/v.检查（身体）3expectation/ekspekte()n/n.预料，预期27Ffall behind 不能按时完成（工作）11*fame/fem/n.名声，名誉8favour/fev/n.支持，赞同69fellow/fel/n.男人；家伙8*finch/fnt/n.雀科鸣禽51*fingertip/ftp/n.指尖20*float/flt/v.
581、浮，漂39folk/fk/adj.民间的，民俗的39folk tale 民间故事39follow in ones footsteps 仿效某人；继承某人（尤指家人）的事业26*footstep/ftstep/n.脚步声；足迹26*fungal/f()l/adj.真菌的57*fungus/fs/n.真菌（复数 fungi）57Ggenerate/denret/v.产生，创造52gentleness/dentlns/n.和蔼，温和20*gently/dentli/adv.温和地；轻柔地9genuine/denjun/adj.真的，真正的70*geologist/dildst/n.地质学家50*gi
582、ant/dant/adj.巨大的，特大的55giant tortoise 巨型陆龟55give way 倒塌，向下垮26goat/t/n.山羊53*grassland/rslnd/n.草原63*Greek/rik/adj.希腊的44*grin/rn/v.露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑6guarantee/rnti/v.保证；确保15H*haunt/hnt/n.（某人）常去的地方21health care 医疗保健3*hoop/hup/n.（篮球中的）篮圈27Vocabulary116I*iguana/wn/n.鬣蜥（一种大型热带美洲 蜥蜴）55*illuminate/lumnet/v.照亮，照明9impr
583、ess/mpres/v.使钦佩，使留下深刻印象5in a row 连续地27in favour of 支持，赞同69*inform/nfm/v.通知，告知14*ingredient/nridint/n.（完成某事的）要素，因素33innovation/nve()n/n.革新，创新48innovative/nvtv/adj.新颖的，创新的42*installation/nstle()n/n.现代雕塑装置（除物体外还包括光、声等）42intense/ntens/adj.紧张的，激烈的35interaction/ntrk()n/n.交流8*intoxicate/ntksket/v.使兴奋，使陶醉20
584、Jjungle/d()l/n.（热带）丛林66L*landmark/lndmk/n.地标63laughing stock 笑料，笑柄6*laureate/lrit/n.重要奖项获得者15*legend/led()nd/n.传说，传奇（故事）56leisure/le/n.空闲，闲暇63*linguist/lwst/n.语言学家8link/lk/v.把联系起来；连接56literally/lt()rli/adv.根据字面意思44literary/lt()rri/adj.文学的22long face 愁眉苦脸6M*mangrove/mrv/n.红树（一种热带树木，生于水中或水边，并从树枝上长出新根须
585、）55*manuscript/mnjskrpt/n.手稿，底稿15massive/msv/adj.巨大的62*medieval/mediiv()l/adj.中世纪的，中古时期的8mere/m/adj.仅仅，只不过20*mighty/mati/adj.强有力的；雄伟的21mirror-like/mrlak/adj.如镜面般的63*mischievous/mstvs/adj.调皮的，淘气的8mood/mud/n.心情1*morsel/ms()l/n.（尤指食物的）一小片，一小块21motion/m()n/n.动，运动39muddy/mdi/adj.沾满泥的，泥泞的26*myth/m/n.（古代的）
586、神话56117VocabularyNnegotiable/nib()l/adj.可协商的71*nerve/nv/n.意志力33net/net/n.球网32nevertheless/nevles/adv.然而，不过14Ooperator/pret/n.经营者67opponent/pnnt/n.（竞争、比赛等的）对手33*orchestra/kstr/n.（大型的）管弦乐队21outcome/atkm/n.结果，后果16outline/atlan/n.外形，轮廓20*overnight/vnat/adv.突然，一下子14Ppace/pes/n.速度；进度13*pageant/pd()nt/n.盛大
587、的（露天）演出20pay off 取得成功33*peacock/pikk/n.（雄）孔雀39*perfume/pfjum/n.香味21*permafrost/pmfrst/n.永久冻土层63permanent/pmnnt/adj.长久的；永久的21*persevere/psv/v.锲而不舍，坚持不懈14*pesticide/pestsad/n.杀虫剂，农药56philosophy/flsfi/n.人生哲学27*plateau/plt/n.高原63*podium/pdim/n.表演台，讲台33Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人15practical joke 恶作剧7preference/pr
588、ef()rns/n.优先（权）71*preliminary/prlmn()ri/adj.初步的；预备的33primitive/prmtv/adj.原始的，低等的55*princess/prnses/n.公主39*probe/prb/v.调查；探究20put sb on the spot （故意提出难以回答或尴尬的 问题）使某人难堪9Qqualification/kwlfke()n/n.技能条件，资格71*quarter-final/kwtfanl/n.四分之一决赛33quote/kwt/n.引文，引语37Rradiation/redie()n/n.辐射63rarely/reli/adv.很少，
589、难得14rejection/rdek()n/n.拒绝，否决14*relish/rel/n.享受，乐趣21*remark/rmk/n.言论；意见，评论8Vocabulary118remarkable/rmkb()l/adj.非凡的；不寻常的31*revelation/revle()n/n.展现，显示21*roar/r/v.哄笑，大笑9roller skating 滑旱冰30root/rut/n.根56*rye/ra/n.黑麦15Ssalary/slri/n.薪金，工资71sample/smp()l/n.样本51*scenery/sinri/n.风景，景色63seed/sid/n.种子，籽49se
590、ize/siz/v.夺取33*self-belief/selfblif/n.自信27*semi-final/semifanl/n.半决赛33set in motion 使开始39*sharpen/pn/v.使提高，使改进26shave/ev/n.刮脸，刮胡子8*shiny/ani/adj.光滑发亮的，闪光的26*shot/t/n.投球，射球，击球26*spiker/spak/n.（排球队的）扣球队员，主攻手32*spine/span/n.（动植物的）刺，刺毛55splendid/splendd/adj.壮丽的63spot/spt/n.地点，处所9*steadily/stedli/adv.平稳地
591、62steely/stili/adj.钢铁般的；坚定的33strains of 音乐的曲调或旋律21surgery/sd()ri/n.外科手术33suspect/sspekt/v.猜想，怀疑，觉得51T*tactile/tktal/adj.触觉的21tale/tel/n.故事39*teammate/timmet/n.队友26*teamwork/timwk/n.合作，协作33*technician/tekn()n/n.巧匠44tell off 斥责，责骂9the pageant of （历史事件的）缤纷场景20*Tibetan/tbet()n/adj.西藏的63*tortoise/tts/n.陆
592、龟53tournament/tnmnt/n.锦标赛35trend/trend/n.趋势，动向43Uupset/pset/adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的19V*via/va/prep.通过（某人、某机器等）传送（某物）；借助于68119Vocabulary*Victorian/vktrin/adj.英国维多利亚（女王）时代的15vivid/vvd/adj.生动的，逼真的33Wwaist/west/n.腰，腰部71wander/wnd/v.徘徊63*warrior/wri/n.武士，战士27*wasp/wsp/n.黄蜂56*wetland/wetlnd/n.湿地63whisper/wsp/v.悄声说，
593、低语9*wig/w/n.假发2wire/wa/n.金属丝；电线42wire fence 铁丝网，铁丝栅栏43*witty/wti/adj.说话风趣的；妙趣横生的8*workaday/wkde/adj.平凡的；平淡的21*worldwide/wldwad/adv.遍及全世界55worthwhile/wwal/adj.重要的；值得做的 17worthy/wi/adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的20worthy of 值得的20Y*yoga/j/n.瑜伽30Names and places120NAMESLarry/lri/拉里2Lara/lr/拉拉2Sherlock Holmes/lk hmz/夏洛克
594、 福尔摩斯5Dr Watson/wts()n/华生医生5Charlie Chaplin/tli tpln/查理卓别林 11J.D.Salinger/slnd(r)/J.D.塞林格14Emily Bront/emli brnte/艾米莉勃朗特 14J.K.Rowling/rl/J.K.罗琳14Robert Southey/rbt sai/罗伯特骚塞15Charlotte/lt/Bront 夏洛蒂勃朗特15Anne/n/Bront 安妮勃朗特15Jamie/demi/Wells 杰米韦尔斯17Jack/dk/杰克19Helen Keller/kel(r)/海伦凯勒21Wayne Gretzky/w
595、en retski/韦恩格雷茨基 25Yelena Isinbayeva/len snbajv/叶莲娜 伊辛巴耶娃25Stephen Curry/stiv()n kri/斯蒂芬库里26Etenesh Diro/etene dr/埃特内什迪罗29Ellen/eln/埃伦30Todd/td/托德30LeBron James/lebrn demz/勒布朗詹姆斯 31Usain Bolt/sen blt/尤塞恩博尔特31Andy Murray/mri/安迪穆雷31Pierre de Coubertin/d kubtn/皮埃尔德 顾拜旦36Mia Hamm/mi hm/米娅哈姆36Richard Wag
596、ner/rtd van(r)/理查德 瓦格纳37Pablo Picasso/pbl pks/巴勃罗 毕加索37Florentijn Hofman/flrntn hfmn/弗洛伦 泰因霍夫曼39Vermeer/vm(r)/维米尔41Janet Echelman/dnt ekmn/珍妮特 艾克曼44Michelangelo/mak()lndl/米开朗基罗 44Smith/sm/史密斯47Williams/wljmz/威廉斯47Gregor Mendel/re(r)mend()l/格雷戈尔 孟德尔53Alexander/lznd(r)/the Great 亚历山大 大帝56Marco Polo/mk
597、 pl/马可波罗56Rachel/ret()l/蕾切尔66Ben Southall/ben sal/本索撒尔68PLACESMonaco/mnk/摩纳哥（国家）31121Names and placesRio de Janeiro/ri d dnr/里约热内卢（巴西城市）32The Hague/he/海牙（荷兰城市）41Guernica/nik/格尔尼卡（西班牙城镇）43Surrey/sri/萨里（英国郡名）47Galpagos/lps/Islands 加拉帕戈斯 群岛（厄瓜多尔）51Pinta/pnt/Island 平塔岛53Santa Cruz/snt kruz/圣克鲁斯岛55Isabel
598、a/zbel/伊莎贝拉岛55San Cristbal/krstbl/圣克里斯托瓦尔岛 55Iguaz/wsu/Falls 伊瓜苏瀑布61Argentina/d()ntin/阿根廷（国家）61Mount Kilimanjaro/klmndr/乞力马 扎罗山（坦桑尼亚）61Tanzania/tnzni/坦桑尼亚（国家）61Uluru/uluru/乌卢鲁巨石（即艾尔斯岩石）61Amazon/mz()n/亚马孙65Costa Rica/kst rik/哥斯达黎加（国家）66Kenya/kenj/肯尼亚（国家）66后 记为了在高中英语学科教育中全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，外语教学与研究出
599、版社以党的十九大精神为指引，组织专业团队，在深入领会普通高中英语课程标准（2017 年版）精神的基础上，对本套教材进行了全面修订。在主编陈琳教授的指导下，副主编张连仲教授带领作者团队、编辑团队和设计团队精心设计、反复打磨，确保全面落实党的教育方针，实现从学科角度培养学生的核心素养，提升高中学生的英语应用能力和学习能力。我们对整个团队的艰辛努力表示由衷的感谢。本套教材在修订过程中得到了广大教研员和一线教师的无私帮助。他们丰富细致的意见和建议，确保修订后的教材具有更为合理的内容和结构设计，更加贴合一线教学需求。我们向各位可敬的教研员和老师致以诚挚的谢意。本套教材的修订也得到了英方编审专家和中外社会
600、各界人士及组织的大力支持。本册的英方编审专家是：Simon Greenall，Ingrid Wisniewska，Carmel Reilly，Chris Rose，Robert Gott，Sharon Dalgleish，Melanie Guile，Andrew Einspruch。本册第四单元课后活动 8 的第一幅图由毕加索遗产管理机构 Picasso Administration 提供，第二幅图由丰子恺先生的外孙杨子耘先生提供。他们的支持保证了本套教材的语言真实地道、内容鲜活多样。在此，我们一并向他们表示真诚的感谢。教材是学生学习与教师教学的重要内容和手段，是落实学科课程标准的重要介质。时代在前进，教材的建设也将持续发展，教材编写工作是永无止境的。我们热切期待英语（新标准）高中教材得到业内专家持续指正，在未来的实践中亦将广泛征求使用者的意见，使之更加完善，适应我国高中英语教育的不断发展，为学生继续学习英语和终身发展打下良好基础，为培养具有中国情怀、国际视野和跨文化沟通能力的社会主义建设者和接班人做出应有的贡献。外语教学与研究出版社2019 年 3 月NewStandard NewStandard
