1、Unit 5Meeting your ancestors1anthropologist n. 人类学家 2.human n. 人类3origin n. 起源 4.ruins n. 遗迹；废墟5remains n. 遗迹；遗骸 6.relic n. 遗物；文物7skull n. 颅骨 8.tribe n. 部落9originate v. 起源于 10.prehistoric adj. 史前的11forefather n. 祖先；前辈 12.era n. 时代13ancient adj. 古代的 14.period n. 时期15civilization n. 文明 16.dynasty n. 朝
2、代17emperor n. 皇帝 18.slavery n. 奴隶制度19occupy vt. 攻占；占领 20.sacrifice vt. 牺牲21aggression n. 侵略 22.revolution n. 革命23historical adj. 与历史有关的24historic adj. 有历史意义的1leading figure领先人物2famous figure知名人物3have a good reputation享有盛誉4be known/famous/distinguished as作为而出名5in the history of在历史上6one after another一
3、个接一个地7be considered/regarded as被认为是8be thought of as被认为是9be referred to as被称为10receive high praise受到高度赞扬1With his wise thoughts about nature and the world, Confucius is considered as a great thinker in the history of China.由于对自然和世界的卓越思想，孔子被认为是中国历史上伟大的思想家。2In comparison with Li Bais poems, those by D
4、u Fu were filled with concern about the country.和李白的诗相比，杜甫的诗充满了对国家的担忧。3Knowing that youre interested in famous figures in Chinese history, Im writing to share with you my favourite one.知道你对中国历史上的著名人物感兴趣，我写信告诉你我最喜欢的人物。1Make_full_use_of your passion and kindness to build_a_bridge between you and other
5、s.充分利用你的热情和善良架起你和他人之间的桥梁。2I think Chinese knots are valuable because_they_carry_the_long_history_of_China and cultural meaning which is deeply rooted in them.我认为中国结非常有价值。因为其中包含着中国的悠久历史和深植其中的文化内涵。3It_is_said_that the pirates buried their treasure on this unknown island.据说，海盗把他们的金银财宝埋藏在这个无人知道的岛上。 教材单词
6、写准并记牢.重点单词1acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的2alternative n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的3somehow adv. 以方式；不知怎么地4album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片5spit vt. 吐出(唾液；食物等) vi. 吐痰6delete vt. 删；删除7pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动 n. 脉搏；节拍8category n. 种类；类别；范畴9arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引 n. 逮捕；拘留10kindergarten n. 幼儿园11regardless adv. 不管；不顾.拓展单词1identify vt.
7、 确认；识别；鉴别identification n. 辨认；鉴定identity n. 身份；一致；同一性2archaeology n. 考古学archaeological adj. 考古学的；与考古学有关的archaeologist n. 考古学家3starvation n. 挨饿；饿死starve vi. 挨饿；饿死4accuracy n. 精确；准确accurate adj. 准确的；精确的accurately adv. 准确地；精确地5interrupt vt.& vi. 打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption n. 打断；打岔；中止6assume vt. 假定；设想a
8、ssuming conj. 假设；假定assumption n. 设想；假定；担任7sharpen vi.& vt. (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰；削尖sharp adj. 锋利的sharpener n. 磨具；削具8messy adj. 凌乱的；脏的mess n. 凌乱；脏9analysis n. 分析analyses (pl.)analyse vt. 分析10ripen vt.& vi. 使成熟；成熟ripe adj. 成熟的11significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义significant adj. 重要的12systematic adj. 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的sy
9、stematically adv. 系统地system n. 系统；制度13academy n. 学院；学会；学术团体；院校academic adj. 学术的14receptionist n. 接待员；招待员receive v. 接收reception n. 接待；接收15division n. 划分；分割；分配；分界线divide v. 分开；分割；划分16applaud vi.& vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏applause n. 鼓掌17accelerate vi. & vt. 加速；促进acceleration n. 加速度18skilful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的skill n. 技能
10、；技巧skilled adj. 熟练的；有技能的.阅读单词1beast n野兽2quilt n被子；棉被3onion n. 洋葱 4skateboard n. 滑板5yogurt n. 酸奶；酸乳酪 6melon n. (各种)瓜7wrinkle n. 皱纹 8spear n. 矛；枪9eyebrow n. 眉毛 10arrowhead n. 箭头11excavate vt. 挖掘；发掘 12craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作13hammer n. 铁锤；锤子 14tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的15ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的 16scra
11、tch n. (刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠vt.搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏17dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人发晕或困惑的18primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的19howl vt.& vi.嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫n长嚎；嗥叫 20worship vt.& vi. 崇拜；敬奉n崇拜；敬神高考与教材1.(2019江苏卷)Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful (skill) hands backaches and painful necks.2(2018江苏卷)With these analyses (analysis)
12、in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have an alternative plan.3(2018天津卷)It took him a long time to acquire the skills (skill) he needed to become a good dancer.4(2017全国卷)UNESCO recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance (significant), and
13、 its potential as a unifying voice across cultures. 教材短语写准并记牢1regardless_of 不管；不顾2at_most 至多；最多3cut_up 切碎4be_fed_up_with 受够了；饱受；厌烦5look_ahead 向前看；为将来打算6date_back_to 追溯到；始于7arrest_sb._for 因而逮捕某人8with_relief 欣慰地9keep_out 阻止进入10turn_to_sb._for_help 向某人求助11be_aware_of 知道；意识到高考与教材(2019北京卷)Regardless_of (
14、不管；不顾) the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure lowincome students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time. 教材句式写准并记牢1.“must have过去分词”表示“对过去的肯定猜测”It must_have_been very uncomfortable.那肯定不舒服。2“keep复合宾语”结构We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick
15、, which suggests that they might have kept_the_fire_burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的灰烬，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。3as引导的非限制性定语从句Yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us,_all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.是的，很对，正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾是一个很大的浅水湖。4if only. 要是就好了If
16、_only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!要是今年她早有预见，计划得更好些就好了。5only to do sth. 不料；结果，动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.她突然坐下来，结果却被她那又笑又嚷的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。高考与教材1.(2019天津卷)I must_have_always_known (肯定早就知道) reading was very i
17、mportant because the first memories I have as a child deal with books.2(2018全国卷)As_is_known_to_all (众所周知), Chinese people attach great significance to good table manners.1现在分词/过去分词用作介词或连词小结assumeassuming 假设；假定includeincluding 包含；包括supposesupposing 假设；假如provideprovided/providing 假设；如果considerconsider
18、ing 鉴于；考虑到concernconcerning 关于givegiven 鉴于；考虑到2名词y 变形容词messmessy 杂乱的tastetasty 可口的；好吃的dustdusty 布满尘土的frostfrosty 结霜的greedgreedy 贪婪的thirstthirsty 口渴的hungerhungry 饥饿的angerangry 生气的fogfoggy 有雾的sunsunny 晴朗的3形容词in 前缀变否定词accurateinaccurate 不精确的expensiveinexpensive 不贵的；便宜的experiencedinexperienced 经验不足的adeq
19、uateinadequate 不充分的appropriateinappropriate 不合适的4无被动语态的动词短语date from/back to 追溯到belong to 属于consist of 由组成come true 变成现实take place 发生break out 爆发高频词汇精讲1alternative n可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?你能想出我们今天使用的替代品吗？(1)an alternative to 的替代物(to是介词)have the alterna
20、tive of A or B要么做A，要么做B；在A或B二者中选一个have no alternative/choice/option but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事there is no alternative 别无选择(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地(3)“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式：cant do sth. but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.(1)单句语法填空The App asks its users to report accidents and other road conditions i
21、n real time, so other users can avoid the traffic by using an alternative route.It was so serious a matter that I had no alternative but to_call (call) the police.(2)完成句子Theres_no_alternative_but to give up the whole plan and start again.除了放弃整个计划重新开始之外，别无选择。2.interrupt vt. & vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止Im sor
22、ry to interrupt you but how could they live here?对不起，打断了你的讲话，但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢？(1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.)(因某事)打断某人/某事(2)interruption n打扰；插嘴；阻断物without interruption连续地；不断地(1)单句语法填空They were_interrupted (interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.Sorry for the interruption (interrupt) but
23、Id like to remind you its time for the meeting.(2)完成句子His speech was_frequently_interrupted_by stormy applause as soon as he began to make his speech.他一开始演讲就被暴风雨般的掌声不停打断。3assume vt.假定；设想；装出；担任；认为So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.因此我们认为，假设他们不顾严寒就
24、住在这些洞穴里是合理的。(1)assume sb. to be. 认为某人是It is assumed that. 人们认为assuming (that). 假设(引导条件状语从句)(2)assumption n假定；假设make an assumption 做出臆断注意 在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类单词有：supposing conj. 假设；假如provided/providing conj. 假设；如果given prep. 鉴于；考虑到considering prep.& conj. 鉴于；考虑到concerning prep. 关于
25、including prep. 包括；包含(1)单句语法填空People are rushing to buy houses assuming (assume) that house prices will continue to go up.He made an assumption (assume) that he would win the case.(2)完成句子It_is_assumed that mental health is related to physical health.一般认为，心理健康和身体健康是有联系的。4.regardless of不管；不顾；不理会某人或某物S
26、o we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.因此我们认为，假设他们不顾严寒就住在这些洞穴里是合理的。(1)regardless of强调“不认为重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可接whether, what引导的从句(2)despite/in spite of 尽管(但是)(3)as regards/with regard to 关于；至于(1)单句语法填空They continued to work regardless of the fact that it
27、 was raining.(2)完成句子The plan for a new office tower went ahead regardless_of local opposition.不顾当地的反对，新办公大楼的计划继续进行。They had a wonderful holiday, despite/in_spite_of the bad weather.尽管天气不好，他们的假日还是过得极为愉快。I have no complaints as_regards/with_regard_to his work.关于他的工作，我没有什么好抱怨的。5significance n. 意义；意思；重大
28、意义；重要性Few people realized the significance of the discovery.很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性。(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to. 对(很/不)重要attach (great) significance to 认为(很)重要(2)significant adj. 有意义的；意味深长的；重要的；重大的significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地；意味深长地(1)单句语法填空The Internet is a wonderful discovery, which I think
29、 is of great significance to peoples lives.The police said there had been a significant (significance) development in the case.(2)完成句子With time going by, I attach_more_significance_to what I am doing now.随着时间的推移，我更加重视我现在所做的了。6date back to 追溯到；远在年代All the objects are from the same excavation site in
30、Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.所有的物品都来自于三星堆的一个挖掘点，时间可以追溯到3 000年到5 000年前。(1)date from 追溯到；起始于(2)out of date 过时up to date 最新的set/fix a date 确定日期注意 date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式。(1)单句语法填空All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise,
31、date from the 1950s.Yesterday we visited the temple dating (date) back to the 19th century.(2)完成句子The temple has a long history dating_back_to/which_dates_back_to the early period of the Tang Dynasty.这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。7.arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引 n. 逮捕；拘留She had almost reached her destination when a delicious
32、 smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她不往前走了，停了下来。He was arrested for possession of illegal drugs.他因私藏毒品而被捕。(1)arrest sb. for 因而逮捕某人get arrested 遭逮捕arrest ones attention 引起注意(2)under arrest 被捕make an arrest 进行拘捕(1)单句语法填空He was_arrested (arrest) for abusing his power.She was un
33、der arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last years election.(2)完成句子The beautiful sunset arrested_our_attention,_and we couldnt help stopping to watch it.美丽的日落吸引了我们的注意力，我们忍不住停下来观看。重点词汇点拨1tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的；暂定的；犹豫的(1)make a tentative suggestion 提出试探性的建议reach a tentative conclu
34、sion 得出初步结论(2)tentatively adv. 试探地；犹豫不决地He tentatively (tentative) made a suggestion that we should take a taxi.2at most (at the most)至多；最多at(the)least 至少 at(the)best 充其量；最好The whole process will take half an hour at_(the)_most.整个过程顶多需要半个小时。3cut up 切碎；割碎；使伤心cut into pieces 切碎；剪碎cut in 插嘴cut across 抄
35、近路穿过；横越cut down 砍倒；缩减cut.in half/two/into halves将切成两半cut off 切断；割掉；截断(退路等)cut out 切去；剪去；删去；略去cut through 刺穿Cut_up the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅里。The electricity supply was cut_off because of the rain storm.因为暴雨电子设施被中断了。4messy adj. 凌乱的；脏的mess n. 杂乱；肮脏；困境 v. 弄脏；弄乱(1)be in a
36、mess杂乱无章make a mess of把搞得一塌糊涂get sb. into a mess使某人陷入狼狈处境(2)mess around/about混日子；浪费时间mess up搞乱；搞糟Fun though all this may sound, its still rather messy (mess) and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.5be fed up with受够了；厌烦；饱受(1)be bored with/be tired of对感到厌烦；对感到厌倦(2)feed vi. 进食 vt.
37、 给(人或动物)食物；喂；饲养feed sb./sth. on sth.用某物喂某人/某物feed on (动物)以为主食feed sth. to sb./sth.给人或动物某物作为食物Fed up with his lies, she wont believe in him any longer.Owls feed on mice and other small animals.6applaud vt. & vi. 鼓掌；称赞；赞成applaud sb.for sth.因某事而赞扬某人applaud the decision 赞成某个决定The audience applauded her
38、for the wonderful speech.Everywhere on the streets there were people who applauded (applaud) the passing troops.7look ahead 向前看；为将来打算look up 仰视；查阅 look up to sb.尊敬某人look into 调查 look over 浏览look through 翻阅；查找；看穿 look forward to 盼望；期待look down upon/on 瞧不起 look out 当心；小心look back on 回顾 look on/upon.as
39、把看作Many young people look_up_to the basketball heroes.许多年轻人都敬佩那些篮球英雄们。Its time for us to look_back_on the past and look_ahead to the future when the new years come.当新年到来之时，该是我们回顾过去展望未来的时候了。8accelerate vt.& vi. 加速；促进acceleration n加速；加快accelerator n(汽车等的)加速装置；油门We must take measures to_accelerate (acc
40、elerate) the rate of economic growth.我们必须采取措施，加速经济增长。典型句式精析1We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick，which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。have been excavating 是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：
41、一般来说现在完成时表示动作已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去或者刚刚完成单句语法填空Over the last two months, we have_been_building (build) this bridge, and it will be completed soon.We have_been_waiting (wait) here for more than two hours, but she doesnt turn up yet.2If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有
42、预见，计划得更好些就好了！此句用了虚拟语气。if only. 意为“要是就好了”(1)if only.could/would/might do. 表示对与将来事实相反的愿望(不用should)(2)if only.did.表示对与现在事实相反的愿望(3)if only.had done.表示对与过去事实相反的愿望(4)only if表示“只有，只要”，引导条件状语从句，不用虚拟语气；若其引导的从句置于句首，且与主句之间没用逗号隔开，则主句要用倒装。(1)单句语法填空Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy. If onl
43、y I had (have) a warm and harmonious family.Its too bad that I failed in the math exam. If only I had_worked (work) hard at it!Only if you find a proper way to solve the problem can you improve your work efficiency.(2)完成句子If_only_the_whole_family_could be united during the Spring Festival this year!
44、今年春节全家能团圆就好了！3Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.突然间她坐了下来，结果却被她那又笑又嚷的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。句中only to do sth.作结果状语，往往含有一种出乎意料的意味，常译为“不料；反而；结果却”(1)单句语法填空The police hurried to the spot, only to_find (find) that the damaged car had been taken away.He hurried to the
45、airport, only to_be_told (tell) the flight had taken off.I tore the box, only to_discover (discover) that some of the parts were missing.(2)完成句子We walked a long way to see him, only_to_find that he had just left for the countryside.我们走了很长一段路去看他，没想到他刚下乡了。.单词拼写1We cant believe in the accuracy of the a
46、nalysis (分析) that appeared in his report.2Theres ample (足够的) evidence that the lawyer knew exactly what she was doing.3My grandma still has very acute (敏锐的) hearing, though she is eighty.4Somehow (不知怎么地), the knife wound in her leg was over five centimetres deep.5Dont interrupt (打断) him；he is making
47、 a speech of great significance.6His plans for better irrigation and agriculture were warmly applauded (称赞) by the local people.7The trucks wheels suddenly slid sideways on the snow as the driver accelerated (加速) forward.8Delete (删除) the things that you dont really need, so you can save a lot of res
48、ources.9Whats worse, they spat/spit (吐痰) and even threw rubbish into the lake, totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.10The plants need the right amount of sunlight and rain to grow and ripen (成熟).单句语法填空1The mechanic, who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen (sharp) his
49、 tools.2Many beautiful plants from all over the world can be found in the botanical (botany) garden.3As a translator, you should know that accuracy (accurate) is the most important in translation.4Assuming (assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the Olympic Games, what will you do?5Scienti
50、sts have_identified (identify) more than forty chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals.6This dictionary is specifically (specific) intended for English learners.7The escaped prisoner got arrested (arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to pris
51、on again.8This new discovery of oil is of great significance (significant) to this areas economy.9There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to_wait (wait)10Only if the red light comes on is (be) there any danger to employees.11Marty has_been_working
52、 (work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.12Sorry, the place is so messy (mess). I havent had time to clear up.13As is reported, the two sides have compromised in solving the conflict.14It was a race against time to stop people dying from starvation (starve) after
53、 the flood.15The headmaster hurried to the lecture hall, only to_be_told (tell) the speaker had gone.选词填空date back to， at most，be aware of，with relief，cut up，look ahead，fed up with，regardless of1Regardless_of your choice of course, youll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.2Ev
54、ery year, a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower dating_back_to the eleventh century.3“Cut_up the meat before you put them into the pot”， mother told me.4The librarian told us that we could borrow at_most three books at a time.5Whenever we are in trouble, we must look_ahead and en
55、courage ourselves.6I wouldnt like to work together with him, I am fed_up_with his laziness and carelessness.7Having finished all the housework, Mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing with_relief.8The good news is that we are_aware_of the importance of fresh water and its shortage we are facing.
56、完成句子1The festival, which dates_back_to/dates_from the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn, is held in November every year.这个可以追溯到明代，是为了庆祝秋天的收获的节日，在每年十一月份举行。2Once made out, the plan must be carried out regardless_of_any_difficulty.一旦制订，计划就必须实施，无论有什么困难。3If_only my parents not only loved me
57、, but trusted me, and understood me as well.要是我的父母不仅爱我，而且信任并理解我就好了。4It_is_generally_assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.一般认为，压力是工作过多所致。5The news reporter managed to get through the famous film star, only_to_be_told he didnt want to be interviewed.这位新闻记者终于打通了这位著名的电影明星的电话，结果却被告知他不想接受采访。.课文回
58、顾A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit. _1_ archaeologist is showing them around. The archaeologists have been excavating here for many years. After _2_ (find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and ornaments, they think
59、 _3_ reasonable to assume some of the earliest people lived in these caves, _4_ of the cold. They discovered fireplaces in the center of the caves _5_ they made fires.Some evidence suggests that our ancestors _6_ (do) wear clothes made from animal skins. The archaeologist also _7_ (show) the student
60、s a primitive necklace _8_ (preserve) quite well. Indeed, as the botanical analyses have been _9_ (special) showing us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shown lake. Perhaps there was trade between early peoples _10_ they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.1An2.finding3.it
61、4.regardless5.where6.did7shows8.preserved9.specially10.or.教材写作假如你是李华，你班学生参观了周口店遗址，请根据以下内容写一篇英语文章介绍一下游览情况：1原始人生活状况：面对野兽和饥饿。2原始人常用器具：席子用作被子；石头(磨出刃)切东西、或用于做长矛和锤子；用贝壳装饰。3游览注意事项：不随地吐痰、大声喊叫或鼓掌。4游览评价：吸引全班同学的注意力。注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇80词左右的短文。2开头已给出，不计入总词数，可适当增加细节。Its a great honour for us to pay a visit to the Zh
62、oukoudian caves. We_learned_the_living_conditions_of_primitive_people._They_had_to_face_beasts_and_starvation_for_lack_of_ample_food._They_used_mats_as_quilts,_sharpened_stones_to_cut_up_things_and_make_simple_spears_and_hammers,_and_seashells_to_decorate_themselves.During_the_visit,_the_teacher_tol
63、d_us_that_it_was_bad_manners_to_spit,_howl_and_applaud_loudly._Most_significantly,_one_shouldnt_interrupt_the_speaking_of_the_guide_regardless_of_any_situation.This_visit_arrests_the_attention_of_the_whole_class.课文概要写作根据课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Some_students_from_England_have_come_to_the_Zhoukoudian_caves_
64、for_a_visit.(要点1)The_archaeologists_have_been_excavating_here_for_many_years._After_finding_human_and_animal_bones_in_those_caves_as_well_as_tools_and_other_objects,_they_think_the_earliest_people_lived_in_these_caves.(要点2)They_discovered_fireplaces_in_the_caves_and_some_evidence_suggests_that_our_ancestors_did_wear_clothes.(要点3)The_archaeologist_also_shows_the_students_a_primitive_necklace._Perhaps_there_was_trade_between_early_peoples_or_they_traveled_to_the_seaside_on_their_journeys.(要点4)
