1、第一部分五2(一)抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理(2015课标全国D)Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening，as on every Thursday night，psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of Frances favorite pastimes，coffee drinking and the “talking cure”Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It
2、 isnt always easy.The customerssome thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per sessionare quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say one feels， or people think，”Lehanne told them.“Say I think， Think me”A cafe society where no intellectualizing
3、 is allowed? It couldnt seem more unFrench.But Lehannes psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: Its trying to help the citys troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours，a fastfood boom and a younger g
4、enerations desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the evening.The citys “psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.
5、Middleaged homemakers，retirees，and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love，anger，and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehannes group just to learn to say what they feel.“Theres a strong need in Paris for communication，”says Maurice Frisch，a cafe La Chope regular who works as
6、a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says shed like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldnt exist，”she says.“If life werent a battle，people wouldnt need a special place just to speak.
7、”But then，it wouldnt be France.文章大意：本文主要讲述了在法国“精神咖啡馆”的社会意义和特色功能。1What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?ALearn a new subject.BKeep in touch with friends.CShow off their knowledge.DExpress their true feelings.答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true fe
8、elings。可知，乔普咖啡馆鼓励人们表达他们真正的情感。故选D项。2How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?AThey are less frequently visited.BThey stay open for longer hours.CThey have bigger night crowds.DThey start to serve fast food.答案：A推理判断题。根据文章第二段第四句Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in th
9、e French lifestylelonger working hours，a fastfood boom and a younger generations desire to spend more time at home.可知，多年来，巴黎的咖啡馆成了法国生活方式改变的受害者，句中破折号后面的内容指的就是现在的法国生活方式，即更长的工作时间、快餐的兴起和年轻人喜欢花更多的时间呆在家里，这些生活方式的改变都导致了人们不经常去咖啡馆，故选A项。3What are theme cafes expected to do?ACreate more jobs. BSupply better dri
10、nks.CSave the cafe business. DServe the neighborhood.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第二段第五句Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.可知，很多新主题咖啡馆的出现似乎改变了现状，也就是拯救了咖啡业，故选C项。4Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?AThey bring people true friendship.BThey give people spiritual support.CThey help
11、 people realize their dreams.DThey offer a platform for business links.答案：B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句The citys“psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.可知，精神咖啡馆在巴黎成为最受欢迎的地方之一，是因为它们给予人们很大的安慰，即给予了人们精神上的支持，故选B项。(二)根据文意结论推断作者意图或态度(2015课标全国C)More students than ever before are
12、taking a gap year (间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off”between school and university.The gapyear phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year,25,310 studen
13、ts who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins
14、 from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a wellplanned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”he said.But not everyone is happy.Owa
15、in James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardshipyoung people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to 15,000 in debt.It is not
16、surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.文章大意：本文讲述了在美国，越来越多的高中毕业生通过休学一年的方式(gap ye
17、ar)来积累经验，为未来的大学生活做准备，但是也有人认为，在这一年里很多学生不得不被迫打工赚取上学的费用。5What do we learn about the gap year from the text?AIt is flexible in length.BIt is a time for relaxation.CIt is increasingly popular.DIt is required by universities.答案：C细节理解题。由第一段第一句More students than ever before are taking a gapyear (间隔年)before
18、going to university.及第三段第一句That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.可知，间隔年越来越受到欢迎，故选C项。6According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year_.Aare better prepared for college studiesBknow a lot more about their future jobsCare more likely to leave university in deb
19、tDhave a better chance to enter top universities答案：A推理判断题。由题干中的人名Tony Higgins定位到文章第三段，根据他所说的话“Students who take a wellplanned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”可知，他认为，花费一年时间计划的学生更成熟和有责任感，
20、由此可以推断出他认为他们能更好地为大学学习做准备，故选A项。7How does Owain James feel about the gapyear phenomenon?AHes puzzled.BHes worried.CHes surprised.DHes annoyed.答案：B推理判断题。由题干中的Owain James定位到文章最后一段，根据第二句.young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.可知，越来越多的学生会在结束学业之前被迫去挣钱，他对此是担忧的，故选B项
21、。8What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?AAttend additional courses.BMake plans for the new term.CEarn money for their education.DPrepare for their graduate studies.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章最后一句NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time
22、and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods.可知此处应选C项。(三)根据上下文的逻辑得出结论(2015湖北E)Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that theres always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into pr
23、oblems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character，and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, h
24、owever, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others arent?To
25、answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(学科)Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的)，and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, wit
26、hin which he tries to make his points，perhaps in order to keep the readers attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development, and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carr
27、ies this through to the death of one of his characters.On the whole，Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his o
28、wn. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science.文章大意：本文讲述了当今许多作家如布鲁克斯喜欢往他们的书里插入并不适用的科学理论，以增加书的吸引力，同时对其作品进行了评论。9The author ment
29、ions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to_.Aillustrate where science can be appliedBdemonstrate the value of Brookss new bookCremind the reader of the importance of scienceDexplain why many writers use science in their works答案：D推理判断题。根据文章第一段第三句及第四句可知，科学功能强大，以至于人们很容易将科学和那些与之无关的
30、问题扯到一起，许多作家就没能抵制住科学的诱惑而往他们的书里插入科学理论。故选D项。10According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?AIts strong basis.BIts convincing points.CIts clear writing.DIts memorable characters.答案：C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句及第二句可知，布鲁克斯的书缺乏创意但还能接受，公平地说，他的文章大部分很清楚，一些章节与其他章节相比脱颖而出。故一本书只要能清楚地叙述就是这
31、本书的优势，故选C项。11What is the authors general attitude towards the book?AContradictory.BSupportive.CCautious.DCritical.答案：D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第四句及第五句可知，布鲁克斯对书中的主人公刻画不够深刻，部分更严重的问题在于他试图将他的故事译成科学语言。从作者的语气可看出作者对该书持批判态度，故选D项。12What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?AProblems with the boo
32、k.BBrookss life experiences.CDeath of the characters.DBrookss translation skills. 答案：A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第五句可知，布鲁克斯的书中部分更严重的问题在于他试图将他的故事译成科学语言，故接下来作者会阐述该书其他的问题。故选A项。(四)由文章内容或结构判断出处(2015重庆C)Lakelander 2 hours agoToday，a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading，making many p
33、assengers upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it，though.Pak 50 57 minutes agoWhy not give it a try？Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fell
34、ow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn (号) and started to practise.Angie OEdema 42 minutes agoI dont see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public.Dont do to others what you wouldnt like to be done to yourself.Once，a passeng
35、er next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly，giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.He realised this and apologised to me.When his phone rang again later，he left his seat to answer it.You see，a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.Taodas 29 min
36、utes agoI did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.Sophie 76 13 minutes agoI have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my
37、 bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.文章大意：本文是从论坛上截取的关于不文明现象的讨论，主要讲述了一位名叫Lakelander的网友在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后，众人发表的关于自己经历的不文明现象的描述和看法。13The passenger made an apology to Angie OEdema because _.Ahe offered his seat to someone elseBhe spoke very loudly on his phoneChe
38、refused to talk with AngieDhe ignored Angies request答案：B细节理解题。由题干中出现的核心词汇Angie OEdema得知答案在第三小节。根据.a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.说明他旁边的乘客很大声地在打电话，之后提到He realized this and apologized to me.可知他因大声打电话而道歉，故选B项。14Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train?APak 50.BAngie OEd
39、ema.CTaodas.DSophie 76.答案：C细节理解题。根据第四小节第一句话I did read my newspaper out loud on a train.说明是Taodas这个人做过这件事，故答案应选C项。15What is the discussion mainly about?AHow to react to bad behavior.BHow to kill time on a train.CHow to chat with strangers.DHow to make a phone call.答案：A主旨大意题。根据文章的五个小节得知本文主旨。Laketander发起讨论，看大家对不文明行为的反应，后面几个评论皆在讨论该主题。因此，该讨论主要围绕的是人们面对不文明行为时该如何反应。故选A项。16Where is the passage most probably taken from?AA webpage.BA newspaper.CA novel.DA report.答案：A推理判断题。根据图片头像、网名、文章开头的Join the discussion以及每小节上的发布时间，得知这篇文章来自于网络上的一个论坛。故选A项，意为“网页”。
