1、必 修 第 三 册 Unit 2 Natural disasters英 语 2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计 GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI 内 容 索 引背主题词汇 积写作素材通词句 基础自测提能力 增分课堂研真题链接高考微专题精准突破测效果 课堂评价背主题词汇 积写作素材 主题:灾害与重建 单词 一、自然灾害 1.earthquake n.地震 2.landslide n.滑坡 3.snowstorm n.暴风雪 4.hit vt.袭击 5.shake vi.晃动 二、灾害影响 1.suffering n.遭受,遭罪 2.calmly adv.
2、镇静地 3.sense vt.感觉 4.loss n.损失 5.terrible adj.可怕的 6.emergency n.紧急情况 7.nervous adj.神经质的,紧张的 8.worried adj.担心的 三、灾害救助 1.fund n.资金,基金 2.provide vt.提供 fort vt.安慰 4.effort n.努力 5.well-trained adj.训练有素的 词块 1.make ones escape 逃脱 2.keep ones head 保持冷静 3.in the face of 面临 4.much too 太 5.hold on to保住,守住;保存,保留
3、;坚持 6.in an orderly line整齐地排成一行,有序的一行/一队 7.to ones great relief令某人极为欣慰的是 8.clear.of.清除掉的 9.get prepared for 为做准备 10.make the difference between life and death起着生死攸关的作用 11.blow away 吹走,刮走;炸飞 12.on ones way在路上;快要到来 13.raise funds 筹集基金 14.go through 经历,经受 15.make connections with与联系起来 16.a sense of fea
4、r and confusion恐惧和困惑感 通词句 基础自测 教材单词必背写作词汇 1.n.反应,回应;抗拒;化学反应 2.vi.&vt.发信号,示意;标志 n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯 3.vt.&vi.出去,离去,退场;退出 n.出口,通道;离开 4.adj.有秩序的,有条理的,整齐的 5.vt.证实,确认;使确信;批准 6.n.程序,步骤,手续 reaction signal exit orderly confirm procedure 7.adj.奇怪的,怪异的;偶尔的;不成对的 8.adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的 9.vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕 n.恐慌;惊吓 10.
5、n.电,电力;权力;政权;控制力;能力;能量;力量 11.n.补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备 vt.供应,供给,提供 12.n.幻灯片;降低;滑行;山崩 vi.&vt.滑行;逐渐陷入 odd destructive scare power supply slide 13.n.洪水,水灾;大量 vi.&vt.淹没,泛滥;大量涌入;充满 14.adv.否则,不然;除此以外 15.adj.好奇的;奇特的 16.vi.&vt.(火山)爆发;突然发生 17.vt.使出土,挖掘,发掘;发现,找到 18.n.目的地,终点 19.n.黎明,破晓;开端,萌芽 vi.开始;开始清楚 flood otherwis
6、e curious erupt unearthdestination dawn 20.adj.难耐的,无法忍受的 21.adv.在(或向)较远处,在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处;超出;晚于;无法;超出之外 22.n.图案,花样;模式;范例;模型 23.n.&vt.救援,营救,抢救 24.adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的 25.vt.找出的准确位置;把安置在(或建造于)unbearable beyond patternrescue sharp locate识记阅读词汇 1.county n.2.crash n.vi.&vt.3.stair n.4.roll n.vi.
7、&vt.5.hug vt.6.tsunami n.郡,县 碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃 碰撞,撞击;崩溃 楼梯;梯级 名单;卷;一管;翻滚 翻滚,滚动;翻身;卷起 拥抱,搂抱;抱紧 海啸 7.bubble n.8.typhoon n.9.pole n.10.hurricane n.11.conference n.12.charity n.13.staff n.vt.14.fund n.泡沫,泡,气泡 台风 柱,杆;极 飓风 会议,研讨会;讨论,商谈 慈善机构(组织);慈善,施舍;仁爱,宽容 全体职工;管理人员 在工作,任职于 资金;基金 15.downstairs adv.n.16.docume
8、nt n.17.honey n.18.Roman adj.n.19.bar n.vt.在楼下,往楼下 楼下 文件,公文;(计算机中的)文档(爱称)亲爱的;蜂蜜 古罗马的;罗马的 古罗马人;罗马人 酒吧;小馆子;吧台;条,块;栏杆;障碍 封;阻挡;阻止 20.port n.21.cloud-capped adj.22.ashy adj.23.volcano n.24.trunk n.25.column n.港口,避风港;港口城市 高耸入云的,耸入云霄的 覆盖着灰的;灰色的 火山 树干 柱,圆柱;柱状物;栏;专栏;队,列构织连脉词汇 1._ vt.伤害,使受伤;损害_ n.伤害,损害_ adj.受
9、伤的,受损害的 2._ vi.发生,出现;存在于_ n.发生,出现;发生的事,事件 3._ n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济_ vt.减轻,缓和;解除(职务)_ adj.感到欣慰的 4._ vt.了解,熟悉;通知_ adj.了解情况的;见多识广的 injureinjuryinjuredoccuroccurrence reliefrelieverelieved informinformed 5._ n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动 vt.使震惊_adj.非常糟糕的,令人气愤的(多修饰事物)_ adj.震惊的,愤慨的(多修饰人的感受、表情、声音等)6._ vt.捐赠,赠送;献(血)_ n.捐赠,捐款_ n
10、.捐赠者 7._ n.遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远_ adj.遥远的;疏远的_ adv.遥远地;有远亲关系地 shockshockingshockeddonatedonationdonor distancedistantdistantly常用短语1.整个,全部 2.点名 3.安然无恙的 4.被想到,浮现在脑中 5.(在困境中)保持冷静 6.run out of 7.take the form of 8.break out 9.far and wide at large roll call safe and sound occur to keep ones head 用完,耗尽 呈现的形状;采取
11、的形式 突然开始,爆发 到处,各处重点句型1.On 20 December,a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】leave+宾语+宾语补足语 12月20日,由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面,造成数千人死亡。2.Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio,while Mum was putting t
12、heir important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】while引导状语从句 爸爸在用收音机听天气预报,而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件及救灾物资装进包里。3.Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】before引导时间状语从句 将近17个世纪过去了,庞贝城才从它沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来。.单词小测 1.It is a
13、 _to me that the man should be _when he saw the science fiction film which wasnt _at all.I was really _at it.(shock)2.When food and drinking water were in short _,they volunteered to provide essential _to the affected areas.Moved by their actions,we _the area with some necessities of life.(supply)单元
14、词句小测shockshockedshockingshockedsupplysuppliessupplied3.It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely _,for one of the necessary conditions of _is quick burial,and it is only in the seas and rivers,and sometimes lakes,where mud and silt have been continuously dep
15、osited,that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and _.(preserve).to be preservedpreservationpreserved.短语小测 It was reported that a fire 1._(爆发)in a tall building on Thursday afternoon.The head of the building was so frightened that he was at a loss about what to do.Later,it 2._(想到)him tha
16、t he should call the firemen and he 3._(保持冷静).He with the other staff had people inside the building 4._(全部)left shortly after the fire.No one was running 5._(到处).After a 6._(点名),it was confirmed that all were 7._(安然无恙).When interviewed,the head told us that they had 8._(采取各种的形式)educating people wor
17、king there what to do in time of emergency.broke outoccurred tokept his headat largefar and wideroll callsafe and sound taken various forms of.句型小测高考情境仿写 1.他出去了,把他的文件摊在桌子上。(leave+宾语+宾语补足语).2.儿子在家吃好饭而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。(while引导状语从句)The son was having a good meal at home,.3.过不了多久他们就会互相理解的。(before引导时间状语从句).He
18、went out,leaving his papers lying open on the desk.while the parents were working hard in the fieldsIt wont be long before they understand each other.提能力 增分课堂 核心词汇突破 1.injure vt.伤害,使受伤;损害【练会】单句填空(2019天津卷)A war (injure)has made his left hand stop functioning,and he has often been in prison.After the
19、accident,injured were taken to several nearby hospitals.【写美】句型转换背诵 My left foot was seriously injured,so I couldnt go with you as planned.,I couldnt go with you as planned.(with 复合结构)injurytheWith my left foot seriously injured【归纳】(1)injury n.(对躯体的)伤害,损伤;(对感情的)伤害,挫伤 do sb an injury=do an injury to s
20、b使某人受伤害(2)injured adj.受伤的 get injured受伤 the injured伤员【佳句】I was wearing a seat belt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I would have been injured.本句为虚拟条件句 我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带,我就会受伤了。2.relief n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济【练会】单句填空 It was a great relief (find)that her daughter responded well to the treatment.I smiled relief af
21、ter I heard my son had been admitted into Tsinghua University.to findin/with【写美】完成句子背诵 让他们欣慰的是,在父亲的指导下,他们成功地做了早餐。,with the guidance of father,they successfully made the breakfast.【归纳】(1)to ones relief令某人宽慰的是 in/with relief如释重负,宽慰地 it is/was a relief to do sth做某事是一种解脱/宽慰(2)relieve vt.减轻,缓和 relieve sb
22、 of sth解除某人 relieve ones pain/pressure减轻某人的痛苦/压力(3)relieved adj.感到安心的 To their relief【佳句】To their relief,their students narrowly escaped from the shaking building.从中侥幸逃脱 让他们欣慰的是,他们的学生侥幸地从摇晃的建筑物中逃了出来。3.inform vt.了解,熟悉;通知【练会】单句填空(2021天津3月卷)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us past mis
23、takes from which we can learn without repeating them.(2021北京卷)I remember the day during our first week of class when we (inform)about our semester project of volunteering at a non-profit organization.The Internet keeps us (inform)of what is going on around us at any time.of/aboutwere informedinforme
24、d【写美】同义转换背诵 Im more than delighted to tell you the good news that a classic English film will be shown this weekend in our school.Im more than delighted to the good news that a classic English film will be shown this weekend in our school.【归纳】(1)inform sb of/about sth通知/告知某人某事 inform sb that.通知某人(2)
25、keep sb informed of/about.通知某人关于;使某人知道 be well informed of/about.充分了解(3)information n.信息 inform you of/about【点津】与inform sb of sth结构相同的短语还有:remind sb of sth提醒某人某事 rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物 accuse sb of sth控告某人某事 suspect sb of sth怀疑某人某事 warn sb of sth警告某人某事 4.shock n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动 vt.使震惊【练会】单句填空 Looking at the
26、 house which lay in ruins shock,he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.The survivors lay on the beach,exhausted and (shock).His not passing the final exam was great shock to his parents.I was shocked (hear)that our factory would have to close.inshocked a to hear【写美】一
27、句多译背诵 这一消息令公众震惊,引起了人们对学生在校安全的极大关注。The news ,leading to great concern about students safety at school.(shocked adj.)The news ,leading to great concern about students safety at school.(shock vt.)made the public shockedshocked the public【归纳】(1)be a shock to.对而言是一件震惊的事 in shock吃惊地,震惊地(2)shocked adj.感到震惊
28、的 be shocked at sth/that.对感到震惊 be shocked to do sth因做某事而感到震惊(3)shocking adj.令人震惊的【佳句】They have made amazing achievements in the past few years,shocking many people.他们在过去的几年里取得了惊人的成就,令许多人震惊。5.scare vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕 n.恐慌;惊吓【练会】单句填空 When I saw a pregnant woman trip over,I was to death.She was scared (go)in
29、to the yard because a big dog was in it.She was scared of (walk)home alone,so she called a taxi.Some parents try to scare their children behaving well.【写美】翻译句子背诵 当我意识到那头熊又回来攻击我们的时候,我几乎要吓死了。scared to go/of goingwalking intoWhen I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us,I was nearly scared
30、 to death.【归纳】(1)scare sb into/out of doing sth恐吓某人做/不做某事 scare sb/sth away/off把某人/物吓跑(2)scared adj.害怕的;对感到惊慌或恐惧 be scared to do sth害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/(doing)sth害怕某人/(做)某事 be scared to death吓得要死(3)scary adj.吓人的;恐怖的【佳句】She moved quietly to avoid scaring the birds away.她动作很轻不想把鸟儿吓走。6.supply n.补给
31、,补给品;供应;供应量,储备 vt.供应,供给,提供【练会】单句填空 Id like to know the reason why the milk is short supply in this area now.Mum and Dad,of course,provide regular supply of pocket money.(offer)an important role in a new movie,Andy has got a chance to become famous.【写美】同义句转换背诵 The company supplies the children in the
32、 area with fresh milk.The company the children in the area.inaOfferedsupplies/offers fresh milk to/provides fresh milk for【归纳】be in short supply供应短缺 a supply of/supplies of.的供应 supply sb/sth with sth向某人/物提供某物 supply sth to sb/sth向某人/物提供某物【点津】表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有:provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb of
33、fer sb sth=offer sth to sb 7.otherwise adv.否则,不然;除此以外【练会】单句填空 You will have to go now,otherwise you (miss)your bus.They will give me necessary help;otherwise I (not go)to the meeting to be held next week.【写美】完成句子背诵 工作之前接受一些必要的培训,不然你很快就会被解雇的。Receive some necessary training before working;soon.will mi
34、ss wouldnt/shouldnt/couldnt gootherwise/or/or else you will be dismissed【归纳】(1)otherwise 用作连词,常放在祈使句后面,相当于or或or else。(2)otherwise还可以用于虚拟语气的句子中。【佳句】My deskmate offered me a lot of help.Otherwise,I wouldnt havemade such rapid progress in maths.我的同桌给了我很多帮助。否则,我不会在数学上取得如此快的进步。8.curious adj.好奇的;奇特的【练会】单句
35、填空 In senior high school,I was curious the computer and built my first website.As a three-year-old girl,she is curious (know)what is happening.It is curious he should have failed the exam,which is particularly easy.【写美】同义转换背诵 Looking up,I saw their eyes fixed on me curiously.Looking up,I saw their e
36、yes fixed on me .aboutto knowthatwith curiosity【归纳】(1)be/become curious about对感到好奇 be curious to do sth急于做某事,想做某事 It is curious that.很奇怪。(2)curiosity n.好奇;好奇心 out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity(=curiously)好奇地(3)curiously adv.好奇地 9.keep ones head(在困境中)保持冷静【练会】单句填空 Dont keep on (ask)questions like th
37、at.We must keep them getting to know our plans.She was struggling to keep her tears.The government is trying to keep prices .He made a fire to keep wild animals when he camped in the woods.【写美】完成句子背诵 怀特先生在任何紧急情况下都能保持镇静,从不会惊慌。Mr.White can in any emergency;he is never likely to panic.asking frombackdo
38、wnoffkeep his head【归纳】keep on doing sth继续做某事 keep sb from doing使某人不能做某事 keep back(使)后退;忍住;隐瞒 keep down 抑制,控制,使下降 keep off避开,防止,挡住 keep out遮挡,使不进入 keep out of使不进入 keep up保持,继续 keep up with跟上,不落后 10.run out of用完,耗尽【练会】短语填空 Worse luck!First,food and drinking water had been_ before we reached the destin
39、ation.Then,my husband was driving fast when the car suddenly broke down.It turned out that the gas had .So we had to walk along the road until our strength .We finally reached a small hotel but unfortunately,we found we had our money.run out of/used uprun out/given outgave outrun out of/used up【写美】完
40、成句子背诵 前几天我在街上走的时候碰到了我的一个老朋友。I when I was walking in the street the other day.他叫着她的名字在追她。He her,calling her name.ran across one of my old friends ran after【归纳】(1)run out(of)用完,耗尽 give out耗尽;筋疲力尽 use up用完;耗尽(2)run into撞进;遭遇;达到 run across偶然遇到;穿过 run after追求;追赶,追逐【点津】run out of 是及物动词短语,以人作主语,同use up;run
41、 out 是不及物动词短语,以物作主语,同give out;give out 是不及物动词短语,表物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”。补遗缺 微点练全 一词多义 1.signal A.vi.&vt.发信号,示意 B.vt.标志 C.n.信号 D.n.标志 E.n.信号灯 This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problems.She signalled(that)it was time to leave.The traffic signals w
42、ere on red,so the bus stopped.He raised his arm as a signal for us to stop.BCAED2.exit A.vt.退场 B.n.出口,通道 C.n.离开 There is a fire exit on each floor of the building.He made a quick exit to avoid meeting her.As the actors exited the stage the lights went on.BCA3.flood A.n.洪水,水灾 B.n.大量 C.vt.淹没 D.vi.大量涌入
43、 The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.Large numbers of immigrants flooded into the area.If the pipe bursts it could flood the whole house.Theres been a flood of low-fat and light ice creams on the market.ADCB4.sharp A.adj.锋利的 B.adj.急剧的 C.adj.灵敏的 It was very sharp of you to n
44、otice that detail straight away.(2020浙江卷)Only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.The shears arent sharp enough to cut the grass.CBA重点句型透视 1.leave+宾语+宾语补足语【教材原句】On 20 December,a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the o
45、cean near Goldshore and left thousandsdead.(P17)12月20日,由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面,造成数千人死亡。【练会】单句填空 He got up late and hurried to his office,leaving the breakfast (touch).Jacks humour in his speech left the audience (laugh)all the time.What disappoints me is that she leaves me (finish)the work by myse
46、lf.Please put these teaching materials in order and dont leave them a mess.untouchedlaughingto finish in【写美】句式升级背诵 Because of the bad weather,the project was half finished.The bad weather .(leave+宾语+宾语补足语)left the project half finished【归纳】(1)leave用作使役动词,意为“使处于某种状态”。(2)leave复合结构的构成:leave+宾语+名词/形容词/介词
47、短语过去分词(表示被动完成)现在分词(表示主动进行)动词不定式(表示动作尚未发生)【佳句】时间状语从句 Dont leave the water running while brushing your teeth.刷牙时不要让水一直流着。2.while引导状语从句【教材原句】Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio,while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.(P23)爸爸在用收音机听天气预报,而妈妈正在把他们重要的文
48、件及救灾物资装进包里。【练会】单句填空(2020全国卷)Stories were like air to me and other kids played ball or went to parties,I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.while【写美】完成句子背诵 车还在开时千万不要上下车。Never get on or off a car it is moving.地球绕着太阳转而月亮绕着地球转。The earth travels around the sun the moon
49、circles the earth.尽管他们是我的邻居,但是我对他们了解得并不多。they are my neighbours,I do not know them well.while while While【归纳】(1)while引导时间状语从句,表示“当的时候;和同时;在时”。(2)while引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然;尽管”。此时必须位于句首。(3)while引导并列句,表示对比关系,意为“而;然而”。【佳句】Some people waste food while others havent enough.有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。3.before引导时间状语从句【教材原
50、句】Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place.(P26)将近17个世纪过去了,庞贝城才从它沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来。【练会】单句填空 There was additional work to be done all the troops would be ready.It has been ten years we last saw each other.beforesince【写美】完成句子背诵(2019北京卷)我们还需
51、要一段时间才能从统计数据上证明这些变化是由气候变化引起的。we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change.【归纳】(1)It+be+时间段+before从句,意为“多久之后才”。(2)It+be+not long+before从句,意为“不久就”。【点津】It+is/has been+一段时间+since从句,表示“自从(到现在)有多长时间了”。Itll be a while before研真题 链接高考(江苏卷,阅读理解C)灾难防范 El Nio,a Spanish term
52、 for“the Christ child”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm water,collected over several years in the western Pacific,flow back eastwards when win
53、ds that normally blow westwards weaken,or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects,both good and bad,are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose.A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy grow by$15 billion,partly bec
54、ause of better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought(干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Though
55、 heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California,they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio,in 1997-98,killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth$36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warning,a
56、nd so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however,just 12%of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence
57、 that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are le
58、ss likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country,the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare f
59、or disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio,reducing their losses needs to be the priority.理清脉络 真题再做 61.What can we learn about El Nio in Pa
60、ragraph 1?A.It is named after a South American fisherman.B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.答案 D 解析 细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源,发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中“back eastwar
61、ds”和“normallyblow westwards”等关键词可知D项正确。62.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich countries gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.答案 C
62、 解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Rich countries gain more.”排除A项,错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有根据,文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词,从文章第二段和第三段的说明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭受到严重的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中“Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than theylose.”,句意为“总的来说,富裕国家得大于失。”63.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest th
63、at .A.more investment should go to risk reduction B.governments of poor countries need more aid C.victims of El Nio deserve more compensation D.recovery and reconstruction should come first 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。题源句为第四段“According to the OverseasDevelopment Institute(ODI),however,just 12%of disaster-relief f
64、unding inthe past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather thanrecovery and rebuilding afterwards.”句意为:然而根据海外研究所提供的数字,在过去的20年里,相比于灾后恢复和重建,只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵意义是“言其少”,因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提及,D项弄反了作者的观点。64.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce El Nio and i
65、ts origin.B.To explain the consequences of El Nio.C.To show ways of fighting against El Nio.D.To urge people to prepare for El Nio.答案 D 解析 写作意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象,列举了其危害性,进而引出作者写作的真实意图:厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的,因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全,以事实细节代替写作目的。语言能力 1.掌握构词知识 词根 派生 词性及词义 例句 agricultural Th
66、e total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.recovery According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however,just 12%of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afte
67、rwards.agriculture adj.农业的recovern.恢复2.猜测生僻词词义 Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.构成原因的,因果关系的3.牢记熟词生义 单词 词性及词义 例句 term El Nio,a Spanish term for
68、“the Christ child”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.gain Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose.n.术语v.获利4.仿写经典句型 According to a
69、paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country,thestronger the link.仿写:你对我们的传统文化了解得越多,你就对它越感兴趣。The more you know about our traditional culture,the more you are interested in it.5.破解复杂句式 El Nio,a Spanish term for“the Christ chi
70、ld”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.分析:本句为含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句部分为El Nio was named by South American fishermen;a Spanish term for“theChrist child”作 ,对El Ni
71、o作进一步的解释;在who引导的定语从句中,又包含that引导的 从句和which引导的 从句。同位语宾语定语译文:厄尔尼诺现象,西班牙语“圣婴现象”的音译,是由南美洲渔民命名的,他们注意到全球天气(变化)模式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少,这一现象每两至七年发生一次。技法点拨 破解“写作意图题”两招 1.依据文体特点推意图(1)记叙文:一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言,且往往有一定的哲理性,所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。(2)应用文:文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍,使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文:推断作者的写作目的在于对文章主旨的把握,阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文
72、:提出论点进行论证得出结论,作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时,答案中往往会含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等信息。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show等。微专题 精准突破.熟词生义练 1.hit(教材P16)项目 意义 例句 熟义 vt.She hit her thumb with the hammer.生义 vt.Production has been badly hit by the strike.vt.Thats when it hi
73、t me that my life would never be the same again.vt.We hit the enemy when they least expected it.击,打产生不良影响,打击忽然意识到攻击,袭击项目 意义 例句 生义 vt.Temperatures hit 40 yesterday.n.Our page had 243 hits this week.达到,实现(对网页的)点击2.fall(教材P16)项目 意义 例句 熟义 vi.The object appeared to have fallenfrom a great height.vi.The t
74、emperature could fall below zero overnight.vi.The audience was still laughing as the curtain fell.生义 vi.The material falls into three categories.vi.His spirits fell when he saw the distance he still had to go.摔落降低落下;降落;落幕,(戏剧或演出)结束属于(某一群体、学科或领域)情绪变低落.读后续写 微技能(十):情感描写之“悲伤”“沮丧”与“孤独”词汇积累 形容词/副词 sorrowf
75、ul,sad,depressed,frustrated,lonely,upset,depressing,sadly 名词 sorrow,loneliness,sadness,depression 词块必记 1.a sense/wave of loneliness/sadness(一阵)孤独/悲伤感 2.numb with sorrow/sadness悲伤到麻木 3.look upset看起来沮丧 4.ones heart sinks某人的心沉下去 5.with a sinking heart心情沉重 6.in an unpleasant mood/in low spirits情绪低落 7.sa
76、dness comes in waves悲伤如潮涌 8.an ocean of sadness悲伤的海洋 佳句背诵 1.An air of sorrow and loneliness settled over her.一种悲伤和孤独的气氛笼罩着她。2.She rode home from school slowly,numb with sorrow.她从学校慢慢地骑车回家,悲伤到麻木了。3.The next following days,she felt like she was floating in an ocean of sadness,not wanting to do anythin
77、g.接下来的几天,她觉得自己在悲伤的海洋漂浮,什么也不想做。4.She threw herself down onto the bed,and couldnt help crying bitterly.她一头倒在床上,情不自禁地痛哭起来。5.When she heard the news that she failed to win a prize,her heart sank.听到她没获奖的消息,她的心沉了下去。完成句子 1.她咬着下唇,心中充满悲伤。She bit her bottom lip .(with复合结构)2.一进入自己的卧室,她就觉得悲伤如潮涌。On entering her
78、bedroom,.(夸张的修辞手法)3.简感到被冷落,孤独使她感到绝望。,Jane was getting desperate with loneliness.(非谓语动词)with sadness filling her heartshe felt that sadness came in wavesFeeling left out 4.她很伤心,以至于不知不觉地哭了,眼泪止不住。She unconsciously,unable to hold back her tears.(so.that)5.那位母亲由于悲伤到麻木,说不出话来。The mother,has trouble speakin
79、g.(形容词短语)felt so sad that she found herself cryingnumb with sorrow/sadness测效果 课堂评价.单句语法填空 A组 基础必练 1.Oxygen can easily produce a chemistry (react)with some other gas in the air.2.Lucys mother is said to take early (retire)soon.3.(shock)to see such a long and huge snake,he couldnt say a word.4.The (er
80、upt)of the volcano can bring people huge damage.5.The number of the whale has (sharp)decreased in the past five years.6.When he went abroad,he found the new surroundings (bear).reactionretirement Shocked eruptionsharply unbearable B组 高考链接 7.(2020江苏卷)The daily number of newly cured and discharged pat
81、ients exceeded that of the newly (confirm)cases.8.(2019天津卷)Watch out for (injury)while exercising.Always stop as soon as you begin to feel any pain.9.(2020浙江卷)Though still trembling with fear,we felt (relieve)and safe.10.(2019天津卷)My progress in reading raised my (curious),and I wanted to know everyt
82、hing.confirmed injuriesrelievedcuriosity.短语填空 1.A terrible disease has just in Europe and it has caused a number of deaths in some European countries.2.My journey is long and winding,but I will keep on exploring my way .3.In a flash,it him that he had left his umbrella in the meeting room.at large,s
83、afe and sound,occur to,keep ones head,take the form of,run out of,break out,far and wide broken outfar and wide occurred to 4.We all admire him,for he always when in danger.5.Ten days later,the soldier returned home,.6.I didnt finish the testI the time.7.We have always tried to provide the public wi
84、th the latest news.8.The training program a series of activities.keeps his headsafe and soundran out of at large takes the form of.微语法填空 As we all know,natural disasters happen every year.They are destructive,which cause many deaths and injuries.After a terrible disaster,people return their home onl
85、y 1._(find)everything destroyed.People should learn some ways 2._(protect)themselves to increase chances 3._(survive)in disasters.When a disaster occurs,the first thing 4._(do)is to keep your head.Otherwise,you may be too scared 5._(take)proper steps to escape.With more knowledge of disasters,people
86、 have the ability 6._(deal)with emergencies properly.to findto protect to survive to doto taketo deal.话题微写作【写作素材】1.每年都会发生数不清的自然灾害,比如地震、洪水,造成数百万人死伤。(flood,injury)2.1976年发生在唐山的地震被认为是非常有破坏性的。(destructive)3.令人们感到欣慰的是,救援队立即赶到,来自全国各地的捐助也被提供给了唐山的人民。(to ones relief,rescue,donation,supply)【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅
87、、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。答案 Numerous natural disasters,such as the earthquake,flood and so on,occur every year,causing millions of deaths and injuries.The earthquake happened in Tangshan in 1976 is considered to be very destructive.To peoples relief,rescue teams arrived immediately and donations from all over the country were supplied to the people in Tangshan.
