1、Pas阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when ci
2、ties are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt(柏油) roads? Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system tha
3、t relies on the surface of the road outside. The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground. When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the
4、 pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers(交换器) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to
5、 the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store. In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing t
6、hat task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice. 1. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs? A. Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss. B. Large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities. C. The Dutch engineer
7、s system has been widely used. D. Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads. 2. For what purpose are the diving pipes used? A. To absorb heat from the sun. B. To store heat for future use. C. To turn solar energy into heat energy. D. To carry heat down below the surface. 3. From the last paragra
8、ph we can learn that.A. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winterB. the system can do more than warming up the buildingC. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surfaceD. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer4. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follo
9、ws? A. What we shall do if the system goes wrong. B. What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads. C. How the system cools the building in summer. D. How the system collects heat in spring and autumn. 【参考答案】1-4 DDBC 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省韶关市】 Just as some people think that certain
10、 numbers are lucky or unlucky, others believe that we can use numbers to understand our personalities, or predict what will happen to us in the future. Numerology is a way of using numbers to describe a persons character, and to make predictions about future life events. Numerologists use the number
11、s 1-9, 11 and 22 also known as the “master” numbers to help a person understand his or her personality, life goals, and destiny. Numerologists consider your Life Path number to be the most significant because this number describes your character. To find this number, add together all the numbers in
12、your date of birth. For example, a person born on April 25, 1985 would add the month (4), to the numbers of the date (2+5), plus the numbers of the birth year (1+9+8+5). In this case the total is 34, so this persons life path number is 7(3+4). Numerologists believe that people with this number are p
13、eaceful and affectionate but can also be very reserved. Your Expression number describes your talents and predicts how you should use these to fulfill your destiny in life. Numerologists assign a number between 1 and 9 to each of the letters in your name. These numbers are then added together in the
14、 same way as before to find your Expression number. Numerologists can also do calculations to predict when the most challenging periods of your life will be. Numerologists also believe that the day a person is born is important. Each day of the month has a character description. People born on the f
15、ourth are said to be responsible, honest, and stubborn. People born on the fifteenth have very strong attachments to family and home. Those who celebrate their birthday on the thirtieth are artistic, creative, and imaginative, and often make good writers. If we calculate the numerical value of our n
16、ame and birth date, numerologists believe that we can learn more about our personalities. They also believe that we can predict our destinies, how our lives will progress, and what challenges we may face along the way. To the numerologist, numbers can be used in many more ways than we think. 26. If
17、a person was born on November 8, 1995, what is his Life Path number? A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 11 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。由“ For example, a person born on April 25, 1985 would add the month (4), to the numbers of the date (2+5), plus the numbers of the birth year (1+9+8+5). In this case the total is 34, so this per
18、sons life path number is 7(3+4).”可知选A。27. To understand your abilities and how to use them in your life, you should calculate your _. A. Life Path number B. Expression number C. birthday D. name and birth date 【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由“Your Expression number describes your talents and predicts how you should
19、 use these to fulfill your destiny in life. ”可知选B。28. According to the passage, a person born on the fifteenth tends to be _. A. stubborn B. home-loving C. artistic D. imaginative 【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由“People born on the fifteenth have very strong attachments to family and home”可知选B。29. According to the
20、passage, numerologists believe that _. A. Life Path number can be used to predict a persons most challenging life periods B. Expression number is the most meaningful for people to learn a persons character C. numbers can help people better understand themselves D. numbers can be used to change a per
21、sons future 【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由“Numerologists use the numbers 1-9, 11 and 22 also known as the “master” numbers to help a person understand his or her personality, life goals, and destiny. ”可知选C。30. The function of the passage is _. A. to raise doubts about the usefulness of numerology B. to persuade r
22、eaders about the benefits of the practices it describes C. to describe some of the numerological practices and their purpose D. to tease those who take such beliefs seriously 【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。纵观全文，可以推断出本文在于描述一些数字学家的实践和他们的用途。故选C。Passsage Thirty (Fingerprints) The search for latent prints is done in a s
23、ystematic and intelligent manner. Investigators develop techniques to locate traces of fingerprints at a crime scene. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene. The natural manne
24、r in which a person would use and place his hands in making an entrance or exit from a building or in handling any object is the key to the discovery of latent prints. Where a forced entrance has been made, latent prints are likely to be found on any surface adjacent to or at that point. Any object
25、with a smooth, non-porous surface is likely to retain latent prints if touched. Fingerprints on rough surfaces are usually of little value. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed. W
26、here fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons. Places to search for prints on an auto
27、mobile are the rear view mirror, steering wheel hub, steering column, windshield dashboard and the like. Dusting of surface may be done with a fine brush or with an atomizer. The whit powders used are basically finely powdered white lead, talc, or chalk. Another light powder is basically Chemists gr
28、ay. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragons blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark
29、 is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface. Fingerprints after dusting may be lifted by using fresh cellu
30、lose tape or commercially prepared material especially designed to lift and transfer dusted latent fingerprints. In addition to latent prints, the investigator must not overlook the possibility of two other types of fingerprint traces: molded impression and visible impression. Molded impressions are
31、 formed by the pressure of the finger upon comparatively soft, pliable, or plastic surfaces producing an actual mold of the fingerprint pattern. These can be recorded by photograph without treating the surface, is usually most effective in revealing the impressions clearly. Visible impressions are f
32、ormed when the finger is covered with some substance which is transferred to the surface contacted. Fingers smeared with blood, grease, dirt, paint, and the like will leave a visible impression. If these impressions are clear and sharp, they are photographed under light without ant treatment. Ordina
33、rily, prints of this type are blurred or smeared and do not contain enough detail for identification by comparison. However, they can not be overlooked or brushed aside without first being examined carefully.1. What is the best title for this passage?A. Visible impressions. . Moulded impressions.C.
34、Fingerprints. D. Latent fingerprints.2. How many fingermarks are mentioned in this passage?A. 2. . 3. C. 4. D. 5.3. Which type of fingerprints is most likely to retain?A. Latent fingerprints. . Visible impressions.C. Moulded impressions. D. Clear fingerprints.4. How many ways are there to develop fi
35、ngerprints?A. 2. . 3. C. 4. D. 5.Vocabulary1. latent print 潜在指纹2. premise 前提3. non-porous 无孔的，不渗透的4. ridge 脊，隆起部5. nil 无，零6. premise 房屋及其附属部件7. rear view mirror 后视镜8. steering wheel hub 驾驶盘9. steering column 转向柱10. windshield 挡风玻璃11. dashboard 仪表盘，挡泥板12. atomizer 喷雾器13. talc 滑石14. lampblack 灯黑，灯烟15.
36、 acacia 阿拉伯树胶，金合欢胶16. dragons blood 龙血树脂，麒麟血17. sparingly 少量的，节约的18. novice 新手，初学者19. cellulose tape 纤维带，指纹胶带20. lift 提起，拿起。这里指取下指纹。21. molded impression 模性压痕22. visible impression 可见压痕23. pliable 柔韧的，柔顺的24. smear 搽上，涂污，弄得模糊不清难句译注1. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more
37、 carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene.结构简析 句子长是因为有两个定语从句：which 和who； which 修饰areas; who 修饰persons.参考译文 搜寻潜手印的基本前提是：要非常仔细的检查那些最可能为曾到过现场的人所触摸的地方。2. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances
38、 are that its value in identification is nil when photographed.结构简析 条件句，主从句中都有一个when +过去分词句型。第一个直接紧跟从句，第二个在主句的表语后面。译时根据其所在位置。参考译文 假如指印在放大镜下观察时没有显露隆起部分的细节（不显露指纹纹理），那很可能，在摄影时其鉴别价值等于零。3. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons h
39、aving legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons.结构简析 复合句，前面是主从句， whereit will be necessary, 从句so that 中又有一个条件句，if they 。参考译文 如果发现了指印，检查人员就必须把发现的指印和有权进入房屋的人的指印作比较。如果指印证实是来自这些人的，那么作为证据价值的线索就可排除掉。4. A good
40、 black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragons blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visibl
41、e under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface.结构简析 句子长，因为表语中有形容词短语similar to , 而to 的宾语又有一个省略which的定从he wishes to searc
42、h. 此外副词短语in order to 的宾语也有一个修饰的分词短语best suited.参考译文 对新手来说，最好的办法就是用自己在类似于他想要搜索的表面上的指印作一个实验，以确定最适用于这种表面的粉末。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍在犯罪现场搜寻“（潜）指印”的文章。采用平铺直叙步步深入的写作方式。头两段先介绍经常会有“潜指印”的地方是房子的出口和入口，汽车的后视镜，方向盘等。屋内光滑无孔的物体，如若接触就会留有潜指印，但粗糙物体的潜指印就没有价值，放大镜下不显现纹理的指印也无价值，就得看摄影显示决定。接着，介绍运用白粉，黑粉轻拂扫，新鲜纤维带把潜手印取下的种种方法和步骤。最后一段介绍
43、了除潜手印外还有两种不能忽略的手印：模性和可见压痕及其形成和取证方法。答案祥解1. C. 指印，不管哪一种。A. 可见压痕。 B. 模性压痕。 C. 潜指印，都属于指印。所以最佳的标题应是指印。2. B. 三种指印，即：潜指印，模性和可见压痕。3. A. 潜指印。因为潜指印隐秘，又是作案人无意中留下不易为人发现和破坏。其价值性从文中第三段描写取潜指印可见一般。B. 和C. 见第四段“一定不要忽略其它两种类型的指印痕：模性压痕和可见压痕的可能性”这说明这两种指印较少，特别是模性压痕是在相当柔软，柔韧或者塑性表面留下的，作案人一般都是小心翼翼的，不留下指印，更不太可能在这类东西上压上一个指痕。至于可见压痕，是手上沾了“血，油脂，脏土，油漆之类物品”留下。“一般来说，这种类型的指印都是模糊不清或者是污脏难分，比较之下它们对鉴定来说，没有足够细节证据。” D. 清楚指印，没有这个专门名称。4. A. 两种。第三段第四句起“在显影指印时，公认的方法是用少许粉末，轻轻拂扫。如果指印在昏暗的灯光下可见，就可以摄影”，“指印轻扫后就用指纹胶带或商业专备材料把它们取下。这是一种专门设计用于取下和转移轻拂扫后的指印材料。”
