1、单元素养评价(四)Unit 4(120分钟150分)第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30分)第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。Text 1M: What time is it by your watch? Mine reads 9: 15. W: Your watch is 2 hours slow. 1. What is the time right now? A. 7: 15. B. 9: 15. C.
2、 11: 15. 答案: CText 2M: What do you think of the new restaurant opposite the college entrance? W: I guess its better than nothing. 2. What does the woman think of the restaurant? A. Its the worst one. B. Its the best one. C. Its just so-so. 答案: AText 3M: Home at last! That was the last time we had ha
3、d a holiday in the Lake District. W: It was beautiful! At least it didnt snow. M: I would have preferred snow to constant rain. We had never seen the sun there! 3. What was the weather like in the Lake District on their holiday? A. Snowy. B. Sunny. C. Rainy. 答案: CText 4M: Hi, Mrs Brown. Why do you l
4、ook so upset? W: My son was not offered a job by the Nicholson Group after his interview. He is very depressed because he likes that company very much. M: One must be well prepared before doing something. 4. What happened to the womans son? A. He failed an important exam. B. He didnt get the job he
5、wanted. C. He was just fired by his company. 答案: BText 5W: So what do you usually do in your free time? M: At the moment, Im spending much of my free time learning German. I also enjoy playing the piano. W: Do you play any sports? M: Not much. But I go to the sports club and work out once a week. 5.
6、 What does the man mainly do in his spare time? A. Learn a language. B. Do some sports. C. Play the piano. 答案: A第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。Text 6M: Excuse me. W: Yeah? M
7、: You didnt see someone pick up a blue sports bag, did you? W: Sorry. M: Yeah, a big, blue, nylon sports bag with a big, white Adidas logo on the side. W: I said no. M: I only put it down for a moment when I went into the restroom. Then came out and. . . W: I cant help you. M: I dont believe it! I h
8、ad a brand-new racket in it and ten balls. W: Well, these are public courts. Anyone can walk in here. You should be more careful. 6. What does the man look for? A. A racket and seven balls. B. A blue sports bag. C. A brand-new racket. 答案: B7. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a
9、court. B. In a restroom. C. At the Lost and Found office. 答案: A听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。Text 7M: Hi, Julie. What a surprise to see you! Are you having breakfast? W: As a matter of fact, I am. M: I heard you got a new job. W: Yes, I work as a researcher at the Times Newspaper. M: Do you spend most of your tim
10、e at the library? W: Oh, no. I do all my research on the computer. M: Really? How does it work? W: I use the librarys online files to get information. Therere more than 2, 000 files for computer users. All you need is a computer. M: What kinds of files are there? W: Some are very specific, such as w
11、eather information. Some are more general, such as information on business, law, government, medicine and so on. M: Im glad to know that today. Ill see which files would help my company most. 8. What is the womans new job? A. A researcher. B. A journalist. C. A librarian. 答案: A9. What will the man d
12、o most probably? A. Study computer. B. Look for some useful files. C. Have breakfast with the woman. 答案: B听第8段材料, 回答第1012题。Text 8W: Hi, Steve. How was the concert? M: Pretty good. The crowd seemed to enjoy it. W:And how did Andrew do? Was he nervous? This was his first concert. M:He seemed very calm
13、. W: Did he make any mistakes? M: Well, sure. . . W: Oh, no! Did everyone notice? M: I dont think so. They were little mistakes. Someone would need to know the song very well to notice. I heard the mistakes, but I dont think anyone else did. He seemed so calm that no one thought anything was wrong.
14、W:Im so glad to hear that. Hes been working hard for many years to get this good on the piano. His next concert will be better. M:Yes. Everyone makes mistakes. But the crowd liked him. They clapped loudly for him when he was done. W: We should celebrate tonight. Lets take him to his favorite restaur
15、ant. 10. What was Andrew like at the concert? A. Calm. B. Nervous. C. Excited. 答案: A11. How did Andrew perform? A. He didnt make any mistakes. B. He made a lot of mistakes. C. He made some little mistakes. 答案: C12. How does the woman feel now? A. Pretty sad. B. Quite glad. C. A little worried. 答案: B
16、听第9段材料, 回答第1316题。Text 9M: Good morning, Janine. How can I help you? W:Hi, Dr. Carter. Im having sleeping problems. M: How long has this been going on? W: Half a year. M: I see. . . Is there anything stressful? W: Well, I do research for a tech company. I work about 60 hours a week. M: That sounds st
17、ressful. W: And my husband is not very understanding. Hes also a researcher, but he works for a university. His work is not as demanding as mine. M: Is it possible for you to work fewer hours? W: No. Im a new employee, and I have to prove my worth to the company. M: All right. But you need to find w
18、ays to reduce stress. Exercise can be helpful. Perhaps you could go to the gym after work. W: Well, yes. Not every day, but I could certainly go to the gym a few evenings a week. And on the weekend, perhaps my husband would like to go hiking. M: Wonderful. Come back in about a month and let me know
19、if things have improved. For many of my patients, exercise is the best cure. But if you find you are still having trouble, we can talk about other options then, including sleeping medicine. 13. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Doctor and patient. C. Boss and emp
20、loyee. 答案: B14. Where does the woman work? A. In a hospital. B. At a university. C. At a tech company. 答案: C15. How long has the woman been at her current job? A. For about one month. B. For about six months. C. For around one year. 答案: B16. What is the mans advice? A. Find a new job. B. Take some m
21、edicine. C. Work out more often. 答案: C听第10段材料, 回答第1720题。Text 10M: Now could everyone sit down, please? Ive got an important announcement to make. As you know, the national school poetry competitions that we usually enter are starting soon. The competitions are sorted into three levels: the high leve
22、l, the middle level and the low level. The high level is for 17-to-19-year-olds, and the middle level is for 14-to-16-year-olds. But the one for people of your age, the low level, is the one wed like you to go for. We hope all of you will try. As some of you may remember, the topic for last year was
23、 “Weather”. This time the judges have chosen the topic “Change”, and that could cover a lot of things. A new school, a different house, for example. So if you want to enter the competition but youre stuck for ideas, have a look at last years winning poem called Rain on the competition website. You m
24、ay know the girl who wrote it-Maria from our school. She also got a little book of her poem called Traveling published as part of her prize. Maria won some money for the school. If anyone in the school wins, wed like to use the money for the library, as we feel thats the right way for it to be spent
25、. Marias prize money last year was spent on the computers and the lab. OK, thats all from me. For more information, please visit our schools website. 17. Which competition is suitable for the listeners? A. The high level. B. The middle level. C. The low level. 答案: C18. What is the topic for this yea
26、r? A. Weather. B. Travel. C. Change. 答案: C19. What are the listeners advised to do to get ideas? A. Read the poem called Rain. B. Ask Maria for help. C. Borrow books from the library. 答案: A20. What will the school spend the prize money on this year? A. The lab. B. The library. C. The computers. 答案:
27、B第二部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2021益阳高二检测)Blake Mycoskie set up five businesses, but later he sold them all at a profit. Feeling a bit burned out from work, Mycoskie decided to give it a break for a while and headed down to Argentina for some rest
28、. But rest isnt really part of a businessmans make-up. Its in their nature to keep having good business ideas. On a visit to a village outside Buenos Aires, he was shocked to see that many children didnt have any shoes or, if they did, the shoes were badly worn. Since shoesparticularly the local far
29、mers canvas(帆布的)shoescan be bought cheaply in Argentina, Mycoskies first instinct(本能) was to set up a charity to donate shoes to the children. But after giving it some thought, he realized that this was not a model that would work. One pair of shoes per child would not make that much difference, bec
30、ause they wear out(磨损). And if he asked people to donate repeatedly to provide new shoes for the same child every six monthsthe donors sympathy(同情)for the cause might also wear out pretty quickly. Instead he came up with the idea of “TOMS: one-for-one shoes”. He would take the canvas shoe to America
31、, manufacture it and sell it as a high end fashion item at around $ 50 a pair. For each pair he sold he would donate one pair to shoeless village children. That way he could guarantee a continual supply. Several years on, the business is very successful, supplying shoes not only to children in Argen
32、tina but also other parts of the world. But can the one-for-one model be repeated with other products? Mycoskie is doubtful. TOMS is a for-profit business, but does not yet make a profit. He says one-for-one is not an offer that you can just add to your existing business model; you have to build it
33、from the beginning. Some would also argue that the charity aspect is just a marketing tool, but in the end does that matter? TOMS is making a real difference to poor children all over the world and Mycoskie is enjoying being a businessman more than ever. 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了Blake Mycoskie一生经商无数, 最后卖掉了自己的5个
34、公司去阿根廷, 本是放松身心, 却又干起来为穷苦孩子谋利益的生意来。21. Why did Blake Mycoskie go to Argentina? A. To go for relaxation. B. To seek business cooperation. C. To look for new business ideas. D. To learn to make canvas shoes. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第一段的Feeling a bit burned out from work, Mycoskie decided to give it a break fo
35、r a while and headed down to Argentina for some rest可知, 感到工作比较累, 他决定放松一下, 去阿根廷休息一阵。故选A。22. Why didnt Blake Mycoskie set up a charity? A. He wasnt interested in running a charity. B. He had no real experience of running a charity. C. A charity would make no difference to the children. D. A charity co
36、uld not donate shoes to the children continually. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知, 如果他要求人们不断地为同一个孩子每六个月捐赠一双鞋, 捐赠者尽管很同情孩子们的处境, 但是也是会疲倦厌烦的。故推测他没有成立慈善机构的原因就是慈善机构不可能持续地为孩子们捐赠鞋子。故选D。23. Why did Blake Mycoskie set up TOMS? A. To help poor children. B. To support a charity. C. To win national fame. D. To expand
37、 his business. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第三段第三、四句推测他每卖出一双鞋就给无鞋可穿的孩子们一双, 这样就可以持续地为他们供应鞋子了。他建立TOMS公司是为了帮助那些穷孩子。A. To help poor children. (帮助那些穷孩子)符合以上说法, 故选A。24. What do we know about TOMS? A. It has made a profit. B. It only supplies shoes to children in Argentina. C. It gives Mycoskie a sense of achievement.
38、 D. It can be a model for other kinds of products. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段 的TOMS is making a real difference to poor children all over the world and Mycoskie is enjoying being a businessman more than ever. 可知TOMS公司在世界范围内对于贫穷孩子都是起到了一种积极的作用, Mycoskie获得了非同寻常的成就感, 故推测该公司给Mycoskie一种巨大的成就感。故选C。B(2021南昌高二检测)“C
39、an I have a glass of hot water? ” This is a very common question for Chinese customers in a restaurant. For many Chinese people, nothing is more common than drinking hot water every day. However, the simple habit is like a mystery to some from other countries. For many Westerners, the idea of drinki
40、ng hot water is very strange. However, most Chinese people think the Americans habit of drinking ice water is equally odd and even unhealthy. Some seniors would even carry a tea kettle when they travel, since their Chinese stomachs refuse to take the cold water from the tap. Drinking hot water is co
41、nsidered to be healthier among Chinese people. Traditional Chinese medicine explains drinking cold water leads to an imbalance in temperature. Chinese doctors are encouraging more people outside China to take on the habit of drinking hot water, especially for women. But in Western countries, drinkin
42、g hot water isnt common. Westerners often take drinks with ice, not just on hot days but almost every day. There is a story online that a British man, who has been in Beijing for over five years, visited a local cafe when going back to England. He was waited on by a friendly waitress and in a Britis
43、h accent said, “Can I have a glass of hot water? Please? ” The waitress eyes widened. She was so confused. “To. . . to. . . to drink? ” she doubted. Eventually, the man received the steaming liquid but felt cold stares from every corner of the cafe. Westerners are as curious about why Chinese people
44、 drink hot water as Chinese are curious about why Westerners drink cold water. This cultural difference is not a simple issue(问题), but related to history, culture, and science. As a matter of fact, many teenagers now rely on bottled water for daily drinking. With the younger generation growing up, w
45、ill drinking hot water become a less popular life habit? Who knows! 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了中西方饮水文化的差异。25. What does the underlined word “odd” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. common B. strange C. satisfying D. convenient【解析】选B。词义猜测题。前文提到“For many Westerners, the idea of drinking hot water is very strange. ” 对于许多
46、西方人来说, 喝热水的想法是很奇怪的。此处为转折对比, 意思相同。然而, 大多数中国人认为美国人喝冰水的习惯同样奇怪, 甚至是不健康的。根据句意, 即表达的意思应为“奇怪的”。故选B项。26. Who is specially advised to drink hot water by Chinese doctors? A. Westerners. B. Chinese. C. Women. D. The elderly. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“Chinese doctors are encouraging more people outside China to take o
47、n the habit of drinking hot water, especially for women. ”可知中国医生特别建议女性喝热水。故选C项。27. What can be inferred from the text? A. Drinking hot water is very good for health. B. Drinking cold water is very harmful for health. C. Different drinking habits are probably related to different cultures. D. More an
48、d more people will use bottled water for daily drinking. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段“This cultural difference is not a simple issue, but related to history, culture, and science. ” (这种文化差异不是一个简单的问题, 而是与历史、文化和科学有关的。)可知不同的喝水习惯可能与不同的文化有关。故选C项。28. Whats the authors attitude towards teenagers drinking bottled wat
49、er? A. Opposed(反对的). B. Supportive. C. Negative. D. Unclear. 【解析】选D。观点态度题。从全文最后两个词“Who knows! ”可以看出作者也不知道究竟会怎样, 即可以推断出作者的态度是模糊不清的。故选D项。C(2021邯郸高二检测)Research has shown that the global fashion industry is harming our planet, as well as those who are a part of its supply chains, in an unprecedented (前所
50、未有的)manner, which is also the second largest polluter of the planet and one of the largest contributors to modern-day slavery. Much of this has been exacerbated (使加剧)through the rise of our clothing consumption habits. Our obsession with inexpensive, trend-focused clothingotherwise known as “fast fa
51、shion” is creating grave consequences for the environment, as well as the millions of people who are responsible for manufacturing the clothing we wear. Only one statement is needed to bring attention to the gravity of the situation: More of us care less about the people who make our clothing are tr
52、eated fairly. As with many industries, the globalization of fashion stripped the humanity from the process of purchasing and wearing clothing. We no longer see the direct impact our wardrobe has on the person whose business is responsible for clothing us. Its not the tailor down the street who is ou
53、tfitting us, but the corporations of all sorts who are making it all too easy (and affordable)to purchase clothing as a commodity. What these large corporations have done is remove the humanity and distance their consumers from the realities of how our clothing is made. It can be hard to believe in
54、our current age of automation, but the reality is that the clothing manufacturing process remains largely human-powered. We need to bring the humanity the human connection between consumer and producerback to the forefront of the conversation. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是全球时尚产业可能带来的副作用。29. Why is it easy to
55、 buy clothing as a product? A. Because there are many companies manufacturing clothes. B. Because there are many tailors down the street. C. Because people are rich today. D. Because of the globalization. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段“我们对价格低廉、以潮流为导向的服装(也被称为“快时尚”)的痴迷正在给环境造成严重后果, 同时也给数百万负责生产我们所穿服装的人带来严重后果。”可知, 衣
56、服作为商品之所以很容易购买是因为有很多公司生产服装。故选A。30. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. People cares more about their own wardrobe than the producer. B. The global fashion industry only affects our environment. C. The author thinks people need to think about the humanity. D. Our obsession with cheap and
57、 fashion clothing contributes to the pollution of the environment. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“我们对价格低廉、以潮流为导向的服装(也被称为“快时尚”)的痴迷正在给环境造成严重后果, 同时也给数百万负责生产我们所穿服装的人带来严重后果。”可知, “全球时尚产业只会影响我们的环境。”是错误的。故选B。31. Whats the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2? A. Dead. B. Tomb. C. Serious. D. Violent. 【解析】选C。词义
58、猜测题。根据第二段“只有一句话可以让人们注意到这种情况的严重性: 我们中越来越多的人不太在意那些为我们做衣服的人受到公平对待。”由此推知此处指“正在给环境造成严重后果”, 画线部分的意思是“严重的”。故选C。32. Whats the main idea of this passage? A. Why the fashion industry is the second largest polluter of the planet? B. The side effects the global fashion industry may bring. C. People are more and
59、 more crazy about inexpensive, trend-focused clothing. D. Large corporations have changed the fashion industry. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段“研究已经表明, 全球时尚产业正在以前所未有的方式伤害我们的地球, 以及那些属于其供应链一部分的人。全球时尚产业也是地球第二大污染源, 也是现代奴役的最大贡献者之一。这在很大程度上是由于我们的服装消费习惯的上升而加剧的。”可知, 文章讲述的是“全球时尚产业可能带来的副作用。”故选B。D(2021泰安高二检测)Beauty sleep is
60、 a real thing, researches have shown that people who have enough sleep look more attractive (有魅力的)to others. A few bad nights are enough to make a person look “especially” more ugly, their sleep experiments show. The researchers asked 25 university students to join in their sleep experiment. They we
61、re asked to get a good nights sleep for two nights. A week later, they were asked to sleep for only four hours every night for two nights in a row. The researchers took make-up free (素颜)photos of the volunteers after both the good and the bad sleep. Next, they asked 122 strangers to have a look at t
62、he photos and judge (评价)them on attractiveness, health, and sleepiness, as well as asking them, “How much would you like to make friends with this person in the picture? ”The strangers were good at judging if the person they were looking at was tired, and, if they were sleepy, their attractiveness s
63、core was low. The strangers also said they wouldnt want to socialize with the tired students. The researchers say this is natural for people. An unhealthy-looking face makes people run away. In other words, people dont want to hang around with people who might be ill. Dr. Brewer, an expert at the Un
64、iversity of Liverpool said “Judgement of attractiveness is often unconscious (无意识的), but we all do it, and we are able to judge on even something small like whether someone looks tired or unhealthy. This study is a good reminder of how important sleep is to us. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 实验表明: 睡眠好, 人就有魅力、精力充沛
65、。而且人们喜欢和看起来有魅力的人交往。33. When did the researchers take make-up free photos? A. After two nights good sleep. B. After two nights bad sleep. C. Before the experiment. D. After both two nights good sleep and two nights bad sleep. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据They were asked to get a good nights sleep for two nights. 和
66、A week later, they were asked to sleep for only four hours every night for two nights in a row. 及The researchers took make-up free photos of the volunteers after both the good and the bad sleep. 可知, 研究人员给志愿者拍照, 是在他们有两晚上好的睡眠和两晚上不好的睡眠之后进行的, 故选D。34. The researchers asked the strangers to do the followi
67、ng except _. A. telling who looked healthierB. telling who didnt have many friendsC. telling who missed a lot of sleepD. telling who was attractive【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第六段和第七段可知, 研究人员要求陌生人从吸引力、健康、睡眠三个方面评价照片上的人。故选B。35. According to the passage, which of the following is the best title? A. Beauty sleep, Mor
68、e attractiveB. More sleep, More FriendsC. Less sleep, Fewer friendsD. No attractiveness, No friends【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据Beauty sleep is a real thing, researches have shown that people who have enough sleep look more attractive to others. 可知, 本文主要讲了美容觉让人看起来更有魅力, 故选A。第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)根据下面短文, 从短文
69、后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021桂林高二检测)A good book can be satisfying. If reading is a habit youd like to get into, there are some ways to develop it. Realize that reading is enjoyable if you have a good book. If you have a difficult book and you are forcing yourself through it, it will seem li
70、ke a task. 36Set time. You should have some time during every day when youll read for at least 5 to 10 minutes. 37 For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch and even dinner if you eat alone. Always carry a book. 38 When I leave the house, I always make sure to have my car keys
71、and one book at hand. The book stays with me in the car, and I take it into the office and to appointments and pretty much everywhere I go. 39 Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair. Dont lie down unless youre going to sleep. There shouldnt be a television or a computer n
72、ear the chair, and no music or no noisy family members/ roommates. If you dont have a place like this, create one. Reduce television/the Internet. If you really want to read more, try cutting back on time on TV or the Internet. 40 Still, every minute you reduce of the Internet/ TV, you could use for
73、 reading. This could create hours of book reading time. A. Wherever you go, take a book with you. B. Go to bookstores. C. Have some good tea or coffee while you read. D. Find a quiet place. E. This may be difficult for some people. F. If this happens, give up the book and find another one that youll
74、 really love. G. It means you will read no matter how busy you are. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何养成良好的阅读习惯提出了一些建议。36. 【解析】选F。根据本段第一句Realize that reading is enjoyable if you have a good book. (要认识到读一本好书是一种享受。)和If you have a difficult book and you are forcing yourself through it, it will seem like a task. (如
75、果书太难, 读起来像在完成任务。)可知, F项“如果这种情况发生, 放弃它, 找另外一本你真的喜欢的书”符合语境, 故选F项。37. 【解析】选G。根据本段最后一句For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch and even dinner if you eat alone. 可知, G项“这意味着不管你多么忙, 你都要阅读”符合语境, 故选G项。38. 【解析】选A。 根据Always carry a book. 可知, A项“无论去哪里, 要随身带着一本书”符合语境, 故选A项。39. 【解析】选D。根据Fi
76、nd a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair. (在家里找一个有舒服座椅的地方。)和There shouldnt be a television or a computer near the chair, and no music or no noisy family members/roommates. (座椅旁不应该有电视、电脑和音乐, 也不应该有喧闹的家人或室友。)可知, D项“找一个安静的地方”符合语境, 故选D项。40. 【解析】选 E。根据If you really want to read mor
77、e, try cutting back on time on TV or the Internet(如果你真的想读书, 要减少看电视或上网的时间。)可知, E项“这可能对某些人来说很难”符合语境, 故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2021黄冈高二检测)When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the pers
78、on has fast recall or that he or she 41 information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is 42 to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to 43 exactly
79、what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain. 44 , a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhaps the best way to 45 memory is to say that it is a processa process of recording, storing, and getting back
80、 information. Practice and repetition can help to 46the pieces that make up our memory of that information. Memory can be 47 affected by a number of things. 48nutrition can affect a persons ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent 49 to the brain
81、 over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a persons ability to notice certain things, thus making it 50 to register information in the brain. When people talk about memory, they often 51 short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you dont
82、call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute. 52, you dont need to look in the telephone book for your best friends number
83、, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which 53 information about things you have learned and experienced through the years. Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough 54 . For example, if yo
84、u meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not 55 the names at the first few seconds when you heard them. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了记忆的概念、过程及一些影响记忆的消极因素。41. A. collectsB. processesC. publishesD. absorbs【解析】选D。 collect收集; process处理, 加工; publish出版; absorb吸收, 理解。当说一个人有很好的记
85、忆力时, 到底是什么意思? 是说这个人可以很快地回忆起某件事情还是能很快理解信息? 42. A. necessaryB. importantC. difficultD. convenient【解析】选C。 necessary必要的; important重要的; difficult困难的; convenient方便的。事实是很难说清楚到底记忆力是什么。43. A. figure outB. take outC. put outD. give out【解析】选A。 figure out弄明白, 算出; take out拿出来; put out扑灭; give out分发, 用完, 筋疲力尽。甚至连
86、研究了几十年记忆力的科学家们也说他们还在努力去弄明白记忆力到底是什么。44. A. After allB. InsteadC. By contrastD. Besides【解析】选B。after all毕竟; instead代替, 而是; by contrast相比之下; besides而且。我们知道的是特定的记忆不仅仅是储存在大脑的某个地方的一件事情, 而是由整个大脑中的信息碎片组成的。45. A. recallB. refreshC. describeD. decrease【解析】选C。recall召回, 回忆起; refresh恢复精神; describe描述; decrease减少。或
87、许描述记忆力最好的方式是说它是一个过程, 一个记录、储存和找回信息的过程。46. A. loseB. organizeC. identifyD. strengthen【解析】选D。lose失去; organize组织; identify确定, 鉴定; strengthen加强。练习和重复可以帮助加强组成记忆的信息碎片。47. A. positivelyB. negativelyC. activelyD. directly【解析】选B。positively肯定地; negatively消极地; actively积极地; directly直接地。记忆力可能会受很多事情的消极影响。48. A. Po
88、orB. AdequateC. SpecialD. Various【解析】选A。poor贫穷的, 贫乏的; adequate充足的; special特殊的; various各种各样的。营养缺乏会影响一个人储存信息的能力。49. A. benefitB. offenceC. effectD. damage【解析】选D。benefit利益; offence犯罪, 冒犯; effect效果; damage损害, 损坏。过度饮酒也会弱化记忆力, 长期下来会造成永久性的大脑损伤。50. A. easierB. more impressiveC. harderD. more convenient【解析】选
89、C。视觉或听力问题会影响一个人注意某些特定事情的能力, 这样会使信息在大脑中的储存更加困难。51. A. refer toB. apply forC. come acrossD. break down【解析】选A。refer to指的是; apply for申请; come across偶然遇到; break down发生故障。当人们提到记忆时, 往往指的是短期记忆和长期记忆。52. A. FurthermoreB. However C. ConsequentlyD. Otherwise【解析】选B。furthermore此外, 而且; however然而; consequently因此, 结
90、果; otherwise否则。下文与上文之间表示转折, 对比, 所以用however。53. A. leaksB. transmitsC. checksD. stores【解析】选D。 leak泄露; transmit传输, 传播; check检查; store储存。电话号码是你的长期记忆, 长期记忆储存着多年来你已经学习并经历过的事情。54. A. in the middleB. at the endC. in the beginningD. ahead of time【解析】选C。 为什么有时会遗忘呢? 遗忘主要是因为一开始就没有学好。55. A. restoreB. recordC. r
91、eplaceD. respond【解析】选B。restore恢复, 修复; record记录; replace代替; respond反应。如果你遇到一些人, 马上就忘记了他们的名字, 那是因为你在听到他们名字的前几秒钟根本就没有记下来。第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2021杭州高二检测)One night, Mrs Riley, 56. _ elderly woman was walking along a dark, London street. She was carrying her handba
92、g in one hand and a plastic carrier bag in the other. There was nobody else in the street 57. _ two youths. They were standing in a dark shop doorway. One of 58. _ was very tall with fair hair while the other was short and fat with a beard. The youths waited for a few moments, and then ran quickly a
93、nd 59. _ (quiet)towards Mrs Riley. The tall youth held her from behind while the other youth tried 60. _ (seize)her handbag. Suddenly, Mrs Riley 61. _ (throw)the tall youth over her shoulder. She crashed into the other youth and they both landed on the ground. Without 62. _ (speak), Mrs Riley struck
94、 both of them on the head with her handbag, and walked calmly away. The two 63. _ (surprise)youths were still sitting on the ground when Mrs Riley crossed the street towards a door, above 64. _ there was a lighted sign. Mrs Riley paused, turned round, smiled at the youths and walked 65. _ the South
95、West London Judo(柔道)Club. 【文章大意】本文讲述了一天晚上莱利太太独自走在伦敦大街上, 她遭到两个青年抢劫。结果她把那两个青年狠狠教训了一顿, 因为莱利太太是西南伦敦柔道俱乐部的成员。56. 【解析】an。考查冠词。句意: 一天晚上, 一位老太太莱利太太正走在漆黑的伦敦街头。这里表示“一位老太太”, 故填an。57. 【解析】except/but。 考查介词。句意: 除了两个年轻人之外, 街上没有别人。根据语境可知, 此处表示“除了之外(不包括)”, 填except/but。58. 【解析】them。考查代词。这里用them代指上一句提到的“youths”。其中一个用“
96、one of+宾格代词”表示, 故填them。59. 【解析】quietly。考查副词。and连接的两个词性质一致, 前面是副词quickly, 后面也用副词, 修饰动词ran。故填quietly。60. 【解析】to seize。 考查非谓语动词。try to do意为“努力做”, 是固定短语。故填to seize。61. 【解析】threw。考查动词时态。由上文可知, 该句描述的是过去的情况, 该句应用一般过去时。故填threw。62. 【解析】speaking。 考查非谓语动词。介词后用动名词形式作宾语。故填speaking。63. 【解析】surprised 。考查形容词。形容词修饰名
97、词, 表示“感到惊讶的”用-ed形式。故填surprised。64. 【解析】which。考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是door, 在定语从句中作介词above的宾语, 位于介词后指代物用which。故填which。65. 【解析】into。考查介词。句意: 莱利太太停了下来, 转过身来, 对着年轻人微笑, 然后走进了西南伦敦柔道俱乐部。walk into意为“走进”, 故填into。第四部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)第一节(满分15分) (2021滨州高二检测)如今很多城市出现了一种绿色出行方式共享单车(bike-sharing), 它因环保、便捷而备受青睐, 但同时也引发了一些问题。请你
98、根据提示以“Bike-sharing”为题写一篇英语短文, 表达自己的看法和建议。要点提示: Advantages便捷, 污染少, 减缓交通压力, 锻炼身体Problems被扔进河里, 被损毁, 被偷走Advice遵守规则, 保护注意: 1. 词数80个左右 (文章开头已给出, 不计入总词数); 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。Bike-sharingToday, as a greener means of transportation, bike-sharing is becoming more and more popular in many cities. _【参考范文】Bike
99、-sharingToday, as a greener means of transportation, bike-sharing is becoming more and more popular in many cities. Its known that it has many advantages. So its enjoyed by lots of people. First of all, its very convenient for people to go somewhere. Also, it helps to reduce the traffic pressure. Th
100、ere will be less pollution because of bike-sharing. Besides, bike-sharing helps people take more exercise. In this way, its helpful for peoples health. However, it also brings some problems. For example, some people throw them away after using bikes. Even some people damage them, and some bikes are
101、stolen. In my opinion, everyone should follow the rules of using bikes. As long as we take good care of bikes, it will make our life better and better, and our environment will be more beautiful. 第二节(满分25分)阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(2021聊城高二检测)Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope
102、 for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. Thats when I learned about the Lighthouse Projec
103、t. I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the
104、 Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family. Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later,
105、 I finally received a call asking me to report for duty. I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria? I had no idea. But I was about to find out. After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.
106、Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think I learned more from my stu
107、dents than they did from me. Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did though I did not get anywhere with the local language, and I returned to the United States a different man. The Lighthouse Project had changed my life
108、forever. _【参考范文】After graduation from university the author was at a loss about how to fulfill his ambition until he decided to land a job with the Lighthouse Project. (要点1)Adequate preparation and family support finally won him the job as a volunteer teacher in a remote village. (要点 2)The experienc
109、e taught him to see life in a new light and embrace a better self. (要点3)【范文解析】要点1介绍了事件发生的背景, 用一个介词短语“After graduation from university”来替换原文中的“Like many new graduates, I left university. . . ”; “the author was at a loss”替换“ I had no idea how to do that”; “ to fulfill his ambition”替换“ to make a differ
110、ence in the world”, 表达的意思简洁明了。要点2将原文中第二、三、四段的内容进行整合, 将作者从申请志愿者所做的准备到赢得家人的支持并最终取得成功成为志愿者及担任志愿者工作的过程用一句话进行表达。运用高级词汇“Adequate preparation”来概括原文第二段的内容, “ a volunteer teacher in a remote village”概括原文第四段作者在尼日利亚阿布贾的志愿者工作情况。句子主谓分明, 结构清晰, 要点涵盖广。要点3可以找到明显段落主题句, 即原文第五段的最后一句。该句表达的意思是“灯塔计划”改变了我的人生。结合该段的内容, 整合处理为
111、“ The experience taught him to see life in a new light and embrace a better self. ”读后续写阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一个完整的短文。Her name was Mrs Thompson. And as she stood in front of the 5th grade class on the very first day she looked at her students and said that she loved them all the same. But th
112、at was impossible because there in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard. Mrs Thompson had watched Teddy the year before and noticed that he didnt play well with the other children, that his clothes were messy and that he constantly needed a bath. She paid no attention to Teddy. Howeve
113、r, when she read his file, she was in surprise. Teddys first grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is a bright child with a ready laugh. He does his work neatly and has good manners. . . he is a joy to be around. ” His second grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is an excellent student, well liked by his classmates. B
114、ut he is troubled because his mother has a deadly illness and life at home must be a struggle. ” His third grade teacher wrote, “His mothers death has been hard on him. He tried to do his best but his father doesnt show much interest. ” Teddys fourth grade teacher wrote, “Teddy is withdrawn and does
115、nt show much interest in school. He doesnt have many friends and sometimes sleeps in class. ” By now, Mrs Thompson realized the problem and she was ashamed of herself. She thought that she could make a difference. She felt even worse when her students brought her Christmas presents, wrapped in beaut
116、iful paper and tied with pretty ribbons, except for Teddys. His present was clumsily wrapped in the heavy, brown paper that he got from a grocery bag. Mrs Thompson opened it in the middle of the other presents. Some of the children started to laugh when she found a stone bracelet(手镯)with some of the
117、 stones missing, and a bottle that was one-quarter full of perfume. 注意: 续写词数应为150左右。Mrs Thompson, her voice choked up with tears, thanked her students for their presents. _Ten years later, Teddy invited Mrs Thompson to attend his wedding as grooms mother. _【参考范文】Mrs Thompson, her voice choked up wit
118、h tears, thanked her students for their presents. And then she showed how she liked Teddys presents, putting the bracelet on, and using some of the perfume on her wrist. From then on, Mrs Thompson paid particular attention to Teddy. As she worked with him, his mind seemed to come alive. The more she
119、 encouraged him, the faster he responded and he showed much interest in study. By the end of the year, Teddy had become one of the excellent children in the class. Ten years later, Teddy invited Mrs Thompson to attend his wedding as grooms mother. She used the bracelet and the perfume which were the
120、 present of that year. At the wedding ceremony, she met the man with good manners. He said to her, “ Thank you, Mrs Thompson. Today you smelled just like my mom used to. ” Mrs Thompson, with tears in her eyes, whispered back. She said, “Teddy, you were the one who taught me that I could make a difference. Im so proud that today I can be your mother! ”
