1、课时作业16Starting out & Understanding ideasVolunteering abroad has the power to change you in unexpected ways.It isnt like your _1_ trip abroad.Sometimes these changes are clear while other times theyre _2_，hard to define.But how will a volunteer trip abroad affect you?I cant say exactly how，but I can
2、help you _3_ your experience or take the impact(影响) you will make into _4_ by sharing how volunteering in India changed my life_5_，is still changing my life.I knew I was traveling to India to teach English at a primary school，_6_ I didnt know it would bring about new _7_. I worked with local teacher
3、s and students while volunteering _8_. Their knowledge and experiences were different from my own，so at first it was difficult to _9_. However，after some time，I began to understand and wanted to learn more about their culture which _10_ helped make me a more culturally _11_ person.And working in a _
4、12_ environment gave me the chance to improve my crosscultural communication skills and _13_ new personal and professional skills.It also taught me that I had little _14_ for certain things.Although I liked communicating with my students，I _15_ that I didnt enjoy being a teacher.After returning home
5、 from volunteering，I once wondered if my _16_ of volunteering abroad had _17_ been the right act.Thanks to my personal experience，I became _18_ about spreading responsible volunteerism.Now three years later，I take up my _19_ here at Go Overseas as their Volunteer Abroad Director _20_ Im actively fin
6、ding ways to educate others on responsible volunteering.这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，作者通过自己在国外做志愿者的经历告诉我们，在帮助他人的同时，我们也会有更大的收获。1A.average BrandomCexpensive Dinteresting答案：A解析：去国外做志愿者不同于一般的国外旅行。average“普通的，一般的，典型的，平均的”，符合语境。2A.temporary BcomplexCvague Dchangeable答案：C解析：while前后的内容形成对比，前面说有时这些变化是明显的，故此处指其他时候它们是模糊的，很难界定。
7、temporary“短暂的，临时的”；complex“复杂的，难懂的”；vague“模糊的，不明确的”；changeable“可能变化的，易变的”。故选C项。3A.evaluate BarrangeCpredict Drecord答案：A解析：根据上文中的“I cant say exactly .help you”以及下文作者通过分享自己在印度做志愿者的经历来说明国外的志愿者工作给他带来变化的内容可知，此处指的应是作者能帮助你评估你的经历，故选evaluate“评估，评价”。arrange“安排，筹备”；predict“预言，预报”；record“记录，记载”。4A.consideration
8、 BpracticeCeffect Dmind答案：A解析：根据语境及上文中的“I can help you _3_ your experience or .”可知，这里说的应是帮助你考虑一下你将(给别人)带来的影响。take sth. into consideration是固定搭配，表示“考虑到某事，把某事考虑进去”。practice“实践，实际行动”；effect“效应，影响”；mind“大脑，心思”。5A.for a while Brather thanCor rather Din a word答案：C解析：本句中的“is still changing my life”是对前面的“cha
9、nged my life”的进一步解释，故选or rather，表示“更确切地说”。for a while“暂时，一会儿”；rather than“而不是”；in a word“总之”。6A.forBandCbut Dthus答案：C解析：前后句之间存在语意上的转折关系，故用转折连词but。7A.anxieties BinterestCanger Dexpectations答案：B解析：根据下文的内容“I began to understand and wanted to learn more about their culture”可知，在印度某小学教英语的经历引起了作者新的兴趣。anxie
10、ty“担心，担忧”；interest“兴趣”；anger“愤怒，怒火”；expectation“期望，期待”。故选B项。8A.continuously BoccasionallyCregularly Dinternationally答案：D解析：根据文中的“Volunteering abroad”“in India”“traveling to India”等信息可知，作者到印度进行的是跨国性的志愿者活动，故选internationally“国际性地，世界地”。continuously“持续地，不间断地”；occasionally“偶尔，间或”；regularly“定期地，定时地”。9A.bel
11、ieve BrelateCmemorize Dchange答案：B解析：此处指“他们的知识和经历跟我的不同，因此起初我在理解上有困难”。believe“相信，认为”；relate“认同，理解”；memorize“记忆，记住”；change“改变，变化”。下文中的“I began to understand”是提示。10A.in return Bin particularCin all Din turn答案：D解析：此处指“然而，一段时间之后，我开始理解并想更多地了解他们的文化，这反过来(in turn)帮助我成为一个更有文化意识的人”。in return“作为回报”；in particular
12、“尤其”；in all“总共”。11A.different BintelligentCaware Dalert答案：C解析：参见上题解析。different “不同的”；intelligent “聪明的”；aware “意识到的”；alert “警觉的”。12A.strange BrelaxingCtough Dcomfortable答案：A解析：根据上文提到的作者在印度当志愿者可知，此处指的是“在陌生的环境中工作使我有机会提升跨文化交流技能和开发新的个人技能和专业技能”。strange“不熟悉的，陌生的”，符合语境。relaxing“令人放松的，轻松的”；tough“艰苦的，艰难的”；com
13、fortable“舒服的，舒适的”。13A.make up Bbring upCbuild up Dput up答案：C解析：参见上题解析。make up“组成，编造”；bring up“提出”；build up“开发，增强”；put up“建造，张贴”。14A.talent BpreparationCrespect Daffection答案：D解析：根据下文的内容“I didnt enjoy being a teacher”可知，此处指它也告诉作者，他对某些事情不怎么有兴趣，即他并不是很喜欢做某些事情。talent“天赋”；preparation “准备”；respect“敬意，重视”；af
14、fection“喜爱”。15A.supposed BdiscoveredCagreed Dpretended答案：B解析：根据空后的“I didnt enjoy being a teacher”可知，此处指作者虽然喜欢与他的学生们沟通，但他发现自己不喜欢做老师。故discover“发现，发觉，认识到”符合语境。suppose“假设，假定”；agree“同意”；pretend“假装”。16A.choice BpromiseCwish Dresponse答案：A解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者回家之后，曾经琢磨过自己去国外做志愿者的选择是否确实是正确的行为。故选choice“选择，抉择”。promi
15、se“承诺，许诺”；wish“愿望，希望”；response“回应，答复”。17A.hopefully BactuallyCsurprisinglyDeventually答案：B解析：参见上题解析。hopefully“有希望地”；actually“的确，事实上”；surprisingly“出人意料地，令人惊讶地”；eventually“最后，终于”。18A.particular BcuriousCenthusiasticDsensitive答案：C解析：根据语境及下文中的“Im actively finding ways to educate others on responsible vol
16、unteering”可知，作者热衷于传播可信赖的志愿服务。particular“挑剔的，讲究的”；curious“好奇的”；enthusiastic“热心的，热衷的”；sensitive“敏感的”。故选C项。19A.story BpointCposition Dhobby答案：C解析：本句中的“Volunteer Abroad Director”是作者在Go Overseas 的职位，故选position“职位，职务”。20A.where BwhichCwhat Dwhen答案：A解析：此处指“三年后，我担任了Go Overseas的Volunteer Abroad Director，在Go
17、Overseas，我积极地寻找方法来教别人有关可信赖的志愿服务方面的内容”。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故选where。AWhen we see a person in deep sorrow, our immediate reaction is to lend a hand. Not to do so would be a moral failure. But what if we see an animal in deep sorrow, does the same logic apply?This question was raised followin
18、g the “rescue” of a group of penguins from an icy gully in Antarctica. It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties.The film crew was alarmed when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. The crew dug a shallow ramp so that a few of the peng
19、uins could save themselves.The case has taken the international media by storm. Viewers watching this episode let out a sigh of relief on social media. “Im so glad. I understand not getting directly involved, but a helping hand isnt intervening right？” viewer Kathryn Shaw tweeted.However, others thi
20、nk that human intervention is unnatural. Its an unwritten rule among documentary filmmakers that they are there to observe, not to intervene, according to CBS News. For example, in another episode of Dynasties, David the chimpanzee, was left to die after he was filmed being beaten up by other chimps
21、.“Tragedy is a part of life. You cant have sunshine throughout your life. To have done anything else would only make matters worse and distort (扭曲) the truth，” said the shows creator David Attenborough，according to The Times.In this case, however, Mike Gunton, the executive producer of the series, s
22、aid that this was a oneoff situation. “There were no animals going to suffer by intervening. It wasnt dangerous. You werent touching the animals and it was just felt by doing this.they had the opportunity to not have to keep slipping down the slope，” he told the BBC.Such cases are familiar to Paul N
23、icklen, wildlife photographer for National Geographic.“I have a practical view when it comes to the natural rhythm (节律)of life，” he told Metro. “If its ever a dangerous situation, no matter how gutwrenching,_you stay out of the way. Even when you are watching a male polar bear eat the young.”But he
24、said that he would help animals if he saw no real gain or disruption (扰乱) to the ecosystem.Indeed, there will always be two sides to the coin, and human beings will forever be conflicted in such circumstances. “Theres no rule book in those situations. You can only respond to the facts that are right
25、 there in front of you，” Will Lawson, the shows director, told Daily Mail.这是一篇议论文。短文主要叙述了在南极洲冰冷的沟壑“拯救”企鹅这件事引起了国际媒体的强烈反响，引发了人们对野生动物干预的激烈讨论。1The case has taken the international media by storm because _.Apeople all over the world prefer documentaries of AntarcticaBpeople were very curious about how th
26、e penguins diedCwhat the film crew did upset people all over the worldDit has caused a heated discussion on human intervention in wildlife答案：D解析：细节理解题。由第五段“However, others think that human intervention is unnatural. Its an unwritten rule among documentary filmmakers that they are there to observe, n
27、ot to intervene, according to CBS News.” 可知，然而，也有人认为人类的介入是不自然的。据哥伦比亚广播公司新闻报道，在纪录片摄制者中，这是一个不成文的规则，他们只是在那里观察，而不是干预。该案件引起了国际媒体的强烈反响，因为它引发了人们对野生动物干预的激烈讨论。故D选项正确。2The underlined word “gutwrenching” in Paragraph 9 probably means _.Ahighly embarrassing Bslightly worryingCvery comforting Dextremely upsettin
28、g答案：D解析：词义猜测题。由第九段“Even when you are watching a male polar bear eat the young.”可知，画线词所在句应意为“如果这是一个危险的情况，无论多么痛苦，你都不能阻止”。所以第九段中的“gutwrenching”一词可能指的是 extremely upsetting“极度令人难过的”。故D选项正确。3From this essay, we can learn that human intervention _.Ais a topic rarely mentioned by international mediaBonce re
29、sulted in chimpanzees death directlyCis usually not expected in making documentary filmsDsurely breaks the natural rhythm of life答案：C解析：推理判断题。由短文倒数第三段“I have a practical view when it comes to the natural rhythm (节律)of life， he told Metro. If its ever a dangerous situation, no matter how gutwrenching
30、,_you stay out of the way. Even when you are watching a male polar bear eat the young.”可知，他告诉Metro，“说到生活的自然节奏，我有一个实际的观点。如果这是一个危险的情况，无论多么痛苦，你都不能阻止。甚至当你看着一只雄性北极熊吃掉自己的幼崽。”所以通过所说的内容可以推测出，制作纪录片时通常不会进行人为干预。故C选项正确。BNearly 20 US states have started carrying out former president Barack Obamas Clean Power Pla
31、n, which places limits on carbon dioxide emissions from power plants in an effort to reduce the impacts of climate change. The plan has been in legal limbo (边缘) for the past year. Yet scientists have now calculated another outcome of the policy: harm to crop yields (产量) if the plan is cancelled. Alo
32、ng with carbon pollution, coalfired power plants spew (喷出) pollutants that form what we know as smog. The contribution of smog to increased rates of asthma (哮喘) and premature deaths was already known. The new research estimates the extent to which smog, under airpollution policies4n place before the
33、 Clean Power Plan, would limit production in 2020 of four major crops: corn, cotton, potatoes and soybeans.Led by environmental engineer Shannon L. Capps, now at Drexel University, the team also sketched the extent to which those crop production losses would reduce under three nationwide scenarios (
34、方案). One improved the efficiency of individual power plants. Another modeled a policy similar to the Obama plan, setting state CO2 emissions goals for the electricity department. A third established a tax on carbon emissions, under which emissions fell the most. But the greatest drop in smogforming
35、pollutantsand greatest gains in crop yieldscame from policies such as the Clean Power Plan.Researchers calculated how well each scenario would reduce the potential productivity loss (PPL) of each crop. PPL is a projected value for 2020 and indicates how much crop growth would suffer because of smog.
36、 Scenario 2 most closely agrees with results expected from the Clean Power Plan.本文为记叙文。美国近20个州开始执行前总统奥巴马的清洁能源计划。该计划限制发电厂的二氧化碳排放，以减少气候变化的影响。4Whats the main purpose of the Clean Power Plan?ATo offer clean power.BTo limit CO2 emissions.CTo slow climate change.DTo increase crop production.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根
37、据文章第一段“in an effort to reduce the impacts of climate change.”可知前总统奥巴马的Clean Power Plan是为了减少对气候变化的影响。故选C。5The latest research shows that smog may cause _.Aasthma Bearly deathsCheart disease Dcrop production loss答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The new research estimates the extent to which smog, .would limit pro
38、duction in 2020 of four major crops”可知smog会导致农作物减产，故选D。6What can we infer from Paragraph 2?AScenario 3 was intended to increase taxes.BScenario 2 increased crop yields most.CScenario 1 didnt have any effect on crop yields.DThe three scenarios were made at Drexel University.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Anoth
39、er modeled a policy similar to the Obama plan”以及最后一句“and greatest gains in crop yieldscame from policies such as the Clean Power Plan.”可知方案二对于农业产量的提升最有帮助。故选B。7Whats the best title of the passage?AUS states restart the Obamas Clean Power PlanBThe Clean Power Plan was called offCThree scenarios benefi
40、t crop yieldsDSmog does harm to peoples health答案：A解析：标题判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“Nearly 20 US states have started carrying out former president Barack Obamas Clean Power Plan”，以及后文论证该计划对气候和农作物产量的益处，可知A为最佳标题。在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Polar bears are suffering in a _1_ (warm) world than ever before. Polar bea
41、rs live in environments too cold for most animals. During much of the year, they live and hunt on the _2_ (freeze) Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared them for the cold conditions but nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that _3_ (threat) the only home they know. The scientists have drawn a
42、 _4_ (conclude) that the polar bears world is melting. Studies show that the polar ice has reduced _5_ 9.8% every 10 years since 1978.Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their _6_ (survive). “The sea ice is more than just this platform tha
43、t the bears walk over.” As Andrew Derocher, a scientist who studies North American polar bear populations puts _7_， “Only _8_ polar ice melts quite slowly can they survive on the earth.” Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, these cycles speed up, and bears
44、have less time _9_ (hunt). Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat is used later, when the bears are not _10_ (active) hunting.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变暖导致北极的冰加速融化，使北极熊的生存条件受到极大的威胁，科学家说只有北极的冰融化得相当缓慢，北极熊才能在地球上生存。1warmer解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：北极熊正在经受一个比以往任何时候都温暖的世界。根据tha
45、n判断此处应该使用形容词比较级，故填warmer。2frozen解析：考查形容词。句意：在一年的大部分时间里，它们在冰冻的北冰洋冰面上生活和捕猎。修饰名词Arctic sea ice应用形容词frozen“冰封的”。3is_threatening/threatens解析：考查时态。句意：大自然已经为它们准备好面对寒冷的环境，但是当危险威胁到它们唯一的家园时，没有什么能够让它们做好准备。此处为谓语，应该用threat的动词形式threaten，讲述的是客观事实，而且还可能持续下去，所以用一般现在时或现在进行时，定语从句的先行词为the danger，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数，故填is thre
46、atening/threatens。4conclusion解析：考查名词。句意：科学家们得出结论北极熊的世界正在融化。本空作动词drawn 的宾语，故应用名词conclusion“结论”，draw a conclusion意为“得出结论”。5by解析：考查介词。句意：研究表明，自1978年以来，北极冰层每十年减少9.8%。表示增加或减少的幅度应用介词by。6survival解析：考查名词。句意：北极熊依靠海冰生存。本空作介词for的宾语，故应用名词survival“生存”。7forward解析：考查固定搭配。句意：正如研究北美北极熊种群的科学家Andrew Derocher 提出的，只有北极的冰融化得相当缓慢，北极熊才能在地球上生存。put forward意为“提出”，故本空应填forward。8if解析：考查状语从句。根据句意可知，only if条件句位于句首时，主句谓语用部分倒装，only if意为“只有”。9to_hunt解析：考查不定式。句意：一些北极冰融化和再结冻是正常的，但在一个温暖的世界里，这种循环会加快，北极熊的捕猎时间也会减少。本空修饰抽象名词time，故应用不定式作定语。10actively解析：考查副词。句意：多余的脂肪会在以后北极熊不积极捕猎的时候使用。本空修饰动词hunting，故应用副词actively“积极地”。
