1、 上高考资源网 下精品高考试题Chapter 2 SB I Units 3 - 4重点句型1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, . you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法2. Say Hi / Hello / Thanks to sb. (for me) 问候的句型3. Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep st
2、ruggling)5. You should not go rafting unless you know. unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if. not6. By staying at., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的状语从句7. She was so surprised that she couldnt move. 结果状语从句8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by wa
3、ter. 过去分词作状语9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didnt take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法重点词汇1. means n. 方法；途径2. experience n. 经验3. equipment n. 设备4. successful adj.
4、成功的5. protect v. 保护6. handle v. 处理7. consider v. 考虑8. benefit n. 利益9. particular adj. 特别的10. effect n. 效果11. combine v. 合并12. unforgettable adj. 不会忘记的13. advance v. 前进14. seize v. 抓住15. struggle v. 奋斗16. fear v. & n. 害怕17. strike v. 敲打18. destroy v. 毁掉19. publish v. 出版20. naughty adj. 调皮的重点短语1. get
5、away from 逃离2. watch / look out 注意，当心3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游4. as with 正如一样5. see off 为某人送行6. on the other hand 在另一方面7. take care of 照顾8. get close / near to 接近，凑近9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的树10. as wall as 也，和一样(好)11. protectfrom 保护不受的伤害12. be surprised at 因而吃惊13. be caught / trapped / stru
6、ck in 被困住14. take place 发生15. go through 通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事)16. be upon 临近，逼近17. hold on to 紧紧抓住18. refer to 提到，说到；查询(信息)19. look into 注视的内部；检查，调查20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l. get _ from 逃离 away 2. watch _ 注意，当心 out3. pr
7、otect sb / sth _ 保护保卫某人(某事物) from4. see sb _ 到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行 off5. on the other _ 另一方面 hand6. as _ as也，还，而且 well7. _ place发生，产生 take8. _ fire失火 on9. pull sb _ 把往上拽 up10. get _ ones feet站立起来；站起身来 on11. go _ 通过，经受。仔细检查 through12. _ holiday在度假 on13. travel _ 旅行社代理人 agent14. be _ 逼近，临近 upon15. _ exerci
8、se 进行体育锻炼 take16. _ Hi to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人问候 say17. come _ with提出 up18. go _ a hike 去远足 for19. be caught _ 受困于，陷于 in20. _ a second 马上，一会儿 in21. look _ 往里面看，调查 into22. refer _ 提到涉及；参考 to23. hold _ 抓住，握住 onto24. sweep _ 冲走，刮走 away25. sweep _ 冲倒，吹倒 down交际用语1. Where would you prefer going.?2. How
9、 would you like to go to.?3. Have a nice / pleasant trip !4. Well, I must be off.5. Its all right6. Im afraid.7. Come on !8. It scares me.9. Dont worry.10. First., next., then., finally.单词聚焦1. advance的用法构词：advanced adj. 高等的先进的，高深的搭配： in advance 在前头，预先，事先 in advance of 在前面；比进步；超过 on the advance (物价)在
10、上涨【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the _ maths. A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased考查目标 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。答案与解析C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。2. before 的特殊用法 (1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。 (2
11、) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。) (3) It wasnt / didnt take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。 It wont be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。3. chance的用法搭配： by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许 by chance 偶然，意外地 take a / ones chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of th
12、e _are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. A. work B. luck C. chances D. services考查目标 chance的词义。答案与解析 C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。4. consider v. (1) 考虑 A) consider + n. / doing I consider going abroad. B) consider + 疑问词 + to do You have to consider what to do next. (2) 认为 A) con
13、sider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj. I consider Mary as / to be my best friend. They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country. B) consider + n. + to have done I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 除了consideras表认为外，还有regardas ，look onas，takeas，think ofas5. cost的用法 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，
14、贵重的 搭配： cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)牺牲 at all costs 不惜任何代价无论如何 at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何 at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价 at the cost of 以为代价，用换来的；丧失；牺牲【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would _ them. A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste考查目标 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。答案与解析 C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的名词而pay和spe
15、nd等的主语是指人的名词。6. effect n. 效果；作用have an effect on sth. His words had a great pushing effect on his students. (1) be of no effect 无效 (2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行 比较 affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.7. experience的用法构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的搭配: by experience 凭经验；从经验中 f
16、rom experience 凭经验；从经验中 gain experience in 获得经验 be experienced in 某方面有经验友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。【考例】 (2005山西模拟) _teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed. A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents考查目标 experience的意思。答案与解析 C experience常为
17、不可数名词，意思是“经验”。8. fear n. & vt. (1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词) His face was growing pale with fear. 忧虑；担心的事(可数) There is no reason for your fears. for fear of 由于怕，以防 He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train. for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防 She worried for fear that the child would be hurt. in fear of 害怕；
18、担心 The thief was in fear of the police. (2) v. 恐惧；害怕，接 n. / pron. Cats fear big dogs. 恐惧；害怕，接to do Dont fear to tell the truth. 恐怕；担心，接从句 She feared that she might not find him in his room.构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的搭配： be in fear (of) (为而)提心吊胆 for fear of 因
19、为怕；以免，怕的是 for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生) have a fear that-clause 担心怕(发生某事) with fear 吓得，怕得 fear (vi.) for. 担心忧虑【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, _ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search考查目标 fear构成的短语的用法和意思。答案与解析C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是。担心”。9. fun
20、n. 高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事 (1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩 I only did it for fun. (2) make fun of 开的玩笑；取笑 It is wrong to make fun of a cripple. 比较 (1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑 Its unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble. (2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑10. means n. 手段；办法 (1) by means of 用；依靠 The water may be carried by means
21、of a pipe. (2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地 Try by all / every means to persuade him to come. (3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不 This is by no means the first time you have been late. 还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves
22、by _ of evening job. A. ways B. offers C. means Dhelps考查目标 by means of 短语的意思。答案与解析 C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。11. normal adj. 正常的；正规的 the normal temperature, normal behavior (1) regular 规则的；有规律的 keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息 (2) common普通的；常见的 Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的 have a common in
23、terest 有着共同爱好 (3) usual 惯常的；惯例的 Its usual with him to go to the office on foot. (4) ordinary 平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress12. once的用法 搭配： all at once 突然；同时 at once 立刻，马上；同时 (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或 for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次； 破例一回 more than once 不止一次，多次 not once 一次也不 once agai
24、n / more再一次once and again一再，再三 once or twice 一两次；有时，偶尔 once too often又(多了)一次 once upon a time从前【考例】(2004上海) _ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it. A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless考查目标 连词once的用法和词义。答案与解析 B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。13. prefer v
25、. 宁愿；更喜欢 (1) prefer + n. / pron. The boy preferred a detective story. (2) prefer + v. -ing Do you prefer living abroad? (3) prefer + to do She prefers to live among the working people. (4) prefer sb. to do sth. She preferred him to stay at home. (5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / do
26、ing 喜欢而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing. (6) prefer to do.rather than do = would rather do . than do. 宁愿而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. (7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he sh
27、ould do it in the kitchen.14. protect的用法 构词：protection n. 保护(者/物)，防御 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止遭受；使免于，保护使不受【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful _. A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection C. self-respect D. self-service考查目标 protect及其派生词的词义。答案与解析B self-protect
28、ion是名词，意思是“自我保护”。15. separate的用法 构词：separation n. U分开，分离 搭配： separate A from B 把A和B分开 A is separated from B by A和B为所分开阻隔 separate sth (up) into 把分成(几分)辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗?divide 指“施加外力或
29、自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed考查目标 动词separate的词义。答案与解析 A separated和get搭配有被动意义，表示“被隔开；被分隔”。牛刀小试1用所给单词的适当形式填空：(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate)1. The teacher impro
30、ved the students English by _ of dictation and recitation. (means)2. All the goods _me almost half a million dollars. (cost)3. We must _ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect)4. Every baby should be _ after he is horn. (separated)5. None of them _ death when the enemy came into the village. (f
31、eared)6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in _. (advance)词语比较1. wear, put on, have on, dress, be in, try on (1) wear v. 穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出 He is wearing an overcoat today. * wear out (把) 穿破；(把) 用坏；(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗尽I have worn out my shoes. / My patience wore (was worn)
32、out. (2) put on 穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作) Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold. (3) dress vt. 给穿衣服 n. 衣服；连衣裙 dress sb. (in sth.) 或 be dressed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs. (4) have on 表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。 At the Spring Festival, all children have on ne
33、w clothes. (5) be in表示穿着的状态 There was a girl in red. (6) try on 试穿 Mother was trying on a new dress.2. strike, hit, beat (1) hit vt. 打；敲；击；击中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence. / The stone hit him on the head. 使受到打击 The bad news hit every one hard. (2) beat vt. & vi. 连续有节奏地打；敲The rain heat against the
34、 window. (心)跳动 His heart had stopped beating. (鸟翼) 扑动 The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on. 打败；打赢；取胜 Our champion can beat all runners in the country. (3) strike vt. & vi. 打；敲；击；砍；打中；击中 He struck me with his fist. The house was struck by lightning. 发起进攻；袭击 He moved away as the animal struck
35、. 撞；触(礁) His head struck the table as he fell. 擦(火柴) I struck a match and held it to his cigarette. (某种想法) 忽然出现；忽然想起，相当于occur to。 A happy thought struck her. 给人深刻印象(常用于被动语态) I was struck by her beauty. 罢工 They are striking for higher pay. (钟)敲(响) We waited for the clock to strike six.3. complete, fi
36、nishcomplete 可作形容词，表示“彻底的；全面的”。complete与finish表示“完成”时的区别。(1) complete 作及物动词，只接 n. 或 pron.，常用于完成预定的任务，工程建设等The railway is not completed yet.(2) finish vi. / vt. 指完成，结束一件事情；可接 n. 或doing。如：finish ones homework / middle school / writing the book短语归纳1. cut down (1) 砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you wi
37、ll rain the land. (2) 减少；削减 I have decided to cut down my smoking.2.含get的短语 get back 回来，恢复，送回 get off下来，动身，起飞 get up 起床，站起来 get on 上(车) get on / along with 与某人相处某事的进展 get together 聚首，碰头 get away from 逃离 get on ones feet 站起来 get down 下来 get on well with 与相处融洽 get married 结婚 get to 到达 get through 通过，接
38、通 get down to 开始着手做某事 get across (使)通过 get(a)round 传开，说服 get in 进入。收获 get out 出去，逃脱例句How are you getting along with your business? 生意进展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music lesson. 如果你带玛丽去兜风的话，你必须答应带她回来上音乐课。/ I cant get my boots off, for they are too t
39、ight. 我脱不掉靴子，它太紧了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. 在圣诞期间我们尽量一年至少聚会一次。/ When one has business on hand it is hard to get away from home. 如果一个人手头有事，离开家很难。【考例】(2004辽宁) The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us to _ our studies A. get down to B. get out
40、C. get back for D. get over考查目标 此题主要考查get短语。答案与解析A get down to 意为“开始着手做某事”；get out 意为“离开，摆脱”；get back for 意为“回去拿”；get over意为“克服，渡过”。本句话意思是：期末考试就要到了，我们该开始学习了。【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through考查目标此题
41、主要考查get短语。答案与解析C get over 意为“痊愈，克服”；get in 意为“插话”；get along 意为“进展继续”；gel through 意为“接通。办完”。本句话意思是：读者不必准确知道每个词的意思就能继续下去。3. get away (from) (1) 摆脱 Ways must be found to get away from poverty. (2)走开；离开 She didnt get away until nine last night. (3)逃走，使离开The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away. (4
42、)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away!4. get close to (1) close adj. 靠近；接近 The church is close to the shops. 亲密；密切 Are you a close friend of theirs? (2) close adv. 靠近；接近 He was standing close to the door. (3) close v. 关上；关闭(不开发)；结束 She closed her eyes. / Her eyes closed. (闭上) (4 ) closely adv. 紧密地；仔细地；
43、密切地 He got closely in touch with the magazines of today. The little baby was closely looked after by her.比较 (1) close 与 closely 作副词时，close含具体之意，closely 含抽象之意。 (2) 类似的词组有 high (高) - highly (高度地)，deep (深深地) - deeply (深入地)，wide (很开，宽) - widely (广 泛地)，low (低的)- lowly (低贱的) (作形容词)5. hand in 交上去(给老师或上级)；交
44、来(hand v.) Each student has to hand in a composition once a week. 比较 (1) hand down 传下来；传给 Our father handed down these customs to us. (2) hand onto传给，传递They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it. (3) hand out 发给大家；散发 The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson6.
45、instead of 代替 (1) instead of + n. / pron. Give me the red one instead 0f the green one. (2) instead of + doing We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator. (3) instead of + 介词短语 He studies in the evening instead of during the day. 比较 (1) instead adv. 作为替代 (而)，代替 If Harry is not well eno
46、ugh to go with you, take me instead. (2) rather than 而不是，与其宁愿 He ran rather than walked. (3) in place of 代替，而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.7. 含take的短语 take a picture 照相，拍照 take a taxi / bus, etc. 打的(坐公交车等) take away 拿走，夺取，使离去 take care of 小心，照料，保管 take off 脱，去掉，取消，起飞 take
47、 out 拿出，带出去 take ones place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置 take place 发生，产生 take exercise 做运动 take a seat 坐下 take turns 轮流 take an active part in 积极参加 take a message 捎口信 take on 从事，呈现 take the place of 取代，代替 take apart 拆开 take down 拿下，记下 take.for. 误认为 take in 吸收，接纳 take up 拿起从事占据例句 Father was convinced that Pete
48、r was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away. 父亲确信彼得在寄宿学校不开心，决定把他带走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonights party? 你负责为今晚的晚会买酒水好吗? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store. 男孩们进到车里，开车去了药店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go a
49、nd get something to eat. 他替我排好了队，以便我能够回去弄点儿吃的。8. used to (1) used to do sth. 过去常常(现在已不如此) We used to grow beautiful roses. 注意：否定句和疑问句有两种 You usednt to make that mistake. She didnt use(d) to do it, did she? You used to smoke a pipe, didnt you? / use(d) nt you? (2) be / get / become used to + n. / doi
50、ng 习惯于 I have always been used to hard work. He got used to living in the country. (3) be used to do 被用来做 This knife is used to cut bread. 表示“过去常常”时，used to与would区别： (1) would 只强调“过去常常”，used to 说明现在不是如此。 The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing. (2) would 只接行为动词，used to 可接行为动词和表状态的词。如：b
51、e, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.9. watch out 当心；注意 Youll be cheated if you dont watch out. (1) watch out for = look out for 提防；当心 You must always watch out for the traffic here! (2) watch over 照看；看守；负责 The mother bird is watching over her young.10. 含“动词 + ou
52、t”短语 come out 出来，出版，传出 go out 出去，熄灭，不时兴 look out 当心，注意 take out 拿出，取出，带出去 rush out 冲出去，匆忙大量生产 try out 尝试，试验 watch out 小心 wear out 穿破，用坏，(使)疲乏，消磨 find out 找出，查出 make out 填写，完成设法应付 get out 出去，逃离，泄露，公布 pick out 看出，选出 think out 想出 give out 发出，筋疲力尽 set out出发，陈述例句Please go out and tell the children to mak
53、e less noise. 请出去告诉孩子们不要吵闹。/ These bicycles have been rushed out and not up to our usual standard. 这些自行车匆忙大量生产，没有达到我们的正常标准。/ Watch out. The train is coming. 小心，火车来了。/ Your will wear out your patience in time, my friend. 朋友，最终我们会没有耐心的。【考例】(2005湖北) This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if y
54、ou can _ my father. A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out考查目标此题主要考查out构成的短语意思区别。答案与解析B pick out意为“挑选，辨别出”；find out意为“找出发现”；look out意为“留神，注意”： speak out意为“大声说出”。牛刀小试2请根据句意，选用所给短语的适当形式填空：(get away，take up，take on，think out，get down to)1. - Shall we set off right now? - Sorry. Im too busy to
55、 _ for the moment. (get away)2. The final examination is coming: you really must _ your studies. (get down)3. The manager doesnt have much free time as his work _ nearly all his spare time. (takes up)4. We also shared a number of qualities which we fell were in our favor when we _ the task. (took on
56、)5. He might have _his idea about the art exhibition much better, if he had planned what he wanted to say. (thought out)句型归纳1. You shouldnt go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 除非你会游泳，而且要一直穿着救生衣，否则就不应该去做漂流运动。该句中的unless引导状语从句。例如：One cant learn a foreign la
57、nguage well unless he studies hard.unless引导的条件状语从句，一般可以与if.not.互换。还要注意unless引导的从句经常可以省略。【考例】(200l北京春招)The men will have to wait all day _ the doctor works faster. A. if B. unless C. whether D. that考查目标状语从句。答案与解析B 句子意思是“如果医生不快点工作，这些人将不得不等一整天。”应该选unless。2. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be d
58、one to help animals and plants as well as people. 生态游可以找到既帮助别人又帮助动植物的途径。该句中的as well as是连词，连接两个并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French.常见的用法:1. well是副词，意思是“好，优秀”，as well as是形容词 同级比较结构。2. as well as是固定短语，意思是“和”，相当于not only but also.。3. as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。4. as w
59、ell as还可当作复杂介词用，意思是“除了之外，还有”；相当于besides，apart from。5. as well，是副词短语，意思是“也”，相当于“too / also”常位于句尾，与too位置相当。6. may / might as well do sth 表示“还是的好”。【考例】(NMET 1994) John plays football _, if not better than David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as考查目标 as well as连接比较状语从句。答案与解析B 该句中 if not b
60、etter than相当于插入语，起干扰作用，如果不予考虑，原句就变成了同级比较结构 John plays football as well as David。3. Before she could move，she heard a loud noise. 她还没有来得及动弹，就听见很响的声音。However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. 但还没有回过身来，洪水便逼近了她。该两句中的before用作连词，后接时间状语从句。before用作连词，接时间状语从句时，表示“在之前”。但在不同的语境中，往往有比较灵活的译法
61、。例如: He knocked me down before he saw me. 他差一点把我撞倒，才看到我。【考例】(2005广东) The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end. A. after B. before C. when D. then考查目标 时间状语从句的引导词选择。答案与解析B before 表示“直到”。4. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep
62、. 洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水冲断了。该句中的must have been表示推测。例如：You look so tired. You must have stayed up last night.情态动词may，might，mostcan，could常用来表示推测。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑问句中。may，might，must，can，could后接动词原形表示对现在的推测；may，might，must，can，could后接have done。表示对过去的推测。例如：You may be a professor. / S
63、he must have met a fairy.【考例】(2005辽宁)This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put考查目标 情态动词表示推测。答案与解析 D 前文说蛋糕很甜，由此可知一定是糖放多了。对于过去的动作的推测应使用have done的结构，所以应在B、D之间做选择，又因为could havedone表示本可以做而没有做，所以选择D。5. . she heard a loud noise，which
64、grew to a terrible roar. 她听见了很响的声音，接着就变成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。该句中的which引导非限制性定语从句。例如：He bought some reference books, which were all about science. 他买了许多的参考资料都是有关理科的。which 作为关系代词既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。例如：The train which left for Beijing pulled in on time. 前往北京的火车按时进站了。His dog, which was now very old, became
65、ill and died.他的狗，现在老了，生病死了。【考例】(2005浙江) Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A. which B. that C. this D. it考查目标非限制性定语从句。答案与解析A which引导非限制性定语从句。指代前面整个句子。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。句型诠释现在进行时的用法(is / am / are + doing)1. 表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。 Look! The monkey is climbing the banana t
66、ree.2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(说话时动作不一定正在进行。) We are preparing for the meeting to be held next Friday now.3. 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹、惊讶、厌恶等。(常与always, constantly, continually, all the time, forever 等副词连用)，表反复的动作。He is always think- ing of others. (表赞许) She is always asking the same question. (表厌恶) You ar
67、e always changing your mind. (表抱怨)4. 表示在最近计划或安排要进行的动作。常用于go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, stay 等表移动、方向的动词。He is starting the work in a few minutes. / He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow morning. 注意 1. 不用进行时的词有: (1) 系动词: feel, sound, smell, taste, look, appear, seem, remain, prove 等。(2) 表
68、结果的感官动词: see, notice, hear 等。(3) 非延续性的动词，此动作开始即是结束：enter, accept, receive等。(4) 表心理状态，存在状态，拥有的动词：love, like, hate, care, dislike, respect, prefer, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, wish, hope, mind, agree, belong to, depend on, own, have等。2. 用进行时的特殊词有系动词get, turn, grow, become, go, c
69、ome, fall 等表由一种状态转入另一种状态时，用进行时表示渐近。Today, many rivers that were polluted are getting cleaner and cleaner. 当今，许多过去遭污染的河流又变得越来越清澈了。比较现在进行时表将来的用法与一般将来时的区别：(1) 现在进行时表近期的，事先已经计划安排好的- How are you getting to the airport?- By taxi. Bob is coming with me to the airport.(2) will do 和 shall do 表客观将来。shall用于第一人
70、称，will用于第一、二、三人称。I will / shall finish middle school next month. 表有科学根据的预测。The weather report says it will rain tomorrow. 表客观必然。Man will make mistakes.(3) be going to 表现在打算在近期或将来要做某事。Im going to finish my homework tonight. 表根据已有迹象的预测。Its so dark outside, I think its going to rain. be going to不与come,
71、 go连用，而用be coming, be going 形式。Mary is coming here this evening.注意表计划、安排、规定要做的事，用“be + to do”。此外，表示按时刻表运行的动作常用一般现在时表将来。The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a. m. / Our plane leaves at 6:00 a. m. .牛刀小试31. _ you call me to say youre not coming, Ill see you at the theatre. (2004 吉林)A. Though B. Whether C.
72、 Until D. Unless2. Now that youve got a chance, you _ make full use of it. (NMET 1999)A. had better to B. might as wellC. might as well as D. would rather3. It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester. (2004 天津)A. that B. until C. since D. before4. There is no light in the dormitory. T
73、hey must have gone to the lecture, _? (2004 上海春招)A. didnt they B. dont theyC. mustnt they D. havent they5. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. (2000 北京春招)A. when B. that C. which D. whatDBDDC交际速成【考点1】Talking about intentions and plans. 谈论意愿和打算 (2004江苏) - How long are you
74、 staying? - I dont know. _. A. Thats OK B. Never mind C. It depends D. It doesnt matter答案与解析C 本题考查具体语境下被询问打算时的应答。A项用于回答感谢和道歉，B、D两项用于回答道歉，C 项表示“看情况而定”。【归纳】英语中常见表达意愿和打算的用语有： Ill go with you. Im going to see my head teacher this afternoon. Id like to make a phone call to her after class. I want / hope
75、to find an English pen friend. I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer. We are ready to move to a new house. Bill intends to spend his vocation in California. Im thinking of driving to Beijing. Where would you prefer going.? How would you like to go to.? When are you going off to.? How are you going to
76、.?【考点2】Expressing good wishes祝愿(2005广东) Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. Im sure we will win. Mike: _!A. Congratulations B. Cheers C. Best wishes D. Good luck答案与解析D 考查祝愿用语。在比赛前表示祝愿的话用Good luck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝贺。Cheers意为“干杯”。Best wishes多用于书面语，表示“万事如意”的意思。【归纳】英语中常
77、见表达祝愿的用语有： Have a good day / time! Have a good journey / trip! Good luck! Enjoy yourself! Best wishes to you! Happy New Year! Happy birthday! Merry Christmas!应答语有： Thank you. You, too. The same to you.【考点3】Describing emotions 描述人物的情感(2001上海春招)- Im afraid I cant finish the book within this week.- _.
78、A. Please go ahead B. Thats all right C. Not at all D. Take your time答案与解析D 本题考查时表示遗憾情感的应答。A项表示“请吧，说吧”，用于回答许可或让对方先行。B、C两项是感谢或道歉的答语，D项表示“别着急，慢慢来”，符合语境。【归纳】中学英语中描述人物情感的用语有： (恐惧) Help! / How terrible! / Im afraid of. / Im afraid to. / You scared me! / It scares me! (高兴) (Its) well done! / How wonderful
79、! / Thats great! / Im pleased to. (惊奇) Really! / Oh dear! / Is that so? / What a surprise! / How surprising! (忧虑) Whats wrong? / whats the matter? / Anything wrong? / What should we do? (安慰)There, there. / Dont be afraid. Dont worry. / Its (quite) all right. / Itll be OK / all right. (满意) Good! / We
80、ll done! Perfect! / Thats fine. / Thats better. (遗憾) Im so sorry! / Its a great pity! / What a shame! / Thats too bad! (同情) Im so sorry! / Im so sorry (about your illness). / Im sorry to hear that. (愤怒) Damn! / How annoying! (鼓励) Well done! / Come on! / Keep trying. / You can do it!牛刀小试41. - Id like
81、 to take a weeks holiday.- _, were too busy.A. Dont worry B. Dont mention itC. Forget it D. Pardon me2. - I was so sure that our experiment was going to succeed, but something went wrong at the last moment.- _, but dont give it up.A. Find out the reason B. Never mindC. Im sorry to hear that D. You d
82、ont mean that3. - I just heard that the tickets for tonights show have been sold out. - Oh no! _.A. I was looking forward to that B. It doesnt matterC. I knew it already D. Its not at all interesting4. - We are going to travel to Italy. - _.A. Good bye B. Go aheadC. I like to go, too D. Have a good
83、time5. - Id rather have some tea, if you dont mind.- _.A. Thank you very much B. Yes, I like soC. No, its nothing D. Of course, anything you want CCADD精典题例1. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (NMET 2002春上海) A. cut B. are cut C. are b
84、eing cut D. had been cut【解析】选C 本题是在语境中考查现在进行时的被动语态。本句意为“雨林以这样的速度被砍伐和焚烧，会导致它在不久的将来从地球上消失。”体会语境和句意便知此处选择C项，表示现阶段在进行的动作。2. Twenty-three hours has passed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the missing _ carried out. A. are still being B. have already been C. are always D. wil
85、l soon be【解析】选A本句意为“矿井爆炸已过23小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。”3. - When are you leaving? - My plane _ at 10:45.A. takes off B. took off C. is about to take off D. will take off【解析】选A飞机是按时刻表运行的。4. - Excuse me, what time is it now? - Sorry, my watch _. It _ at the shop. A. isnt working; is being repaired B. doesnt
86、work; is being repaired C. isnt working; is repaired D. doesnt work; is repaired【解析】选B doesnt work说明“手表不工作”的状态，而不只是现在才坏了。后句意为“手表正在商店里修理”，故应用is being repaired。5. John, who is considered _ a warm-hearted man, is considering _ his neighbor out of trouble.A. to be; to help B. to be; helpingC. being; to
87、help D. being; helping【解析】选B be considered to be “被认为是”；consider doing “考虑做某事”。6. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A. until B. when C. before D. as【解析】选C意思是“在事情还未变得更糟之前及时纠正错误”。7. - There is something wrong with my bike.- It doesnt matter. I _ lend you mine.A. am
88、to B. am going to C. was going to D. will【解析】选D be to表示按计划安排将来的动作，be going to 表示最近打算做某事，will 在此是情态动词，表示“意志；意愿”。如：I will tell you all about it.8. Children at the beginning of this century _ a lot and _ themselves greatly even without television.A. used to read; enjoying B. used to read; enjoyedC. were used to reading; enjoyD. were used to read; enjoying【解析】选B 前后时态要保持一致。共18页第18页
