1、Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 3 学生用书P11Nature is turning on usThe last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grandscale， and experts are predicting far worse to come. Jin Li reports on our Earths changeable weather patterns.AIn the last decade, thunderstorms， floods, earthquakes, typhoons， vo
2、lcanic eruptions, tsunamis and forest fires have become increasingly common. There has been terrible flooding in Asia, Africa, America and Oceania. Even Europe has suffered and large areas have been underwater. Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hittin
3、g the US， and Central America. Reduced rainfall has affected large areas of Africa for years leaving irrigation canals dry and many other zones are becoming drier. For example, the Yellow River, once famous for flooding， failed to reach the sea at all for 226 days in 1997.A number of nations have al
4、ready been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.BVolcanic eruptions and earthquakes have always been a threat in certain parts of the world. A volcanic eruption nearly wiped out the small island of Montserrat in 1997，and there hav
5、e been serious earthquakes in many parts of Asia, Europe and South America. In the last three years, Indonesia has had a rough time, suffering several killer quakes6 and it is still recovering from the Asian tsunami caused by an offshore7earthquake on December 26th, 20048. The tsunami killed 132，000
6、 Indonesians and another 100，000 people of other nationalities. This catastrophe9 is still very fresh in the minds of people worldwide who have not yet got over: their separation; from loved ones lost in the tsunami 10，000 people an hour，nearly 90 million a year, with most of the growth in the devel
7、oping world.People in agricultural areas, without any means? to earn their living, move to the cities，and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can findA on poor clayB soil.These homes, seldom made of bricksC, can easily fall downD in earthquakes or slipE and slideF downhill in la
8、ndslides, especially in mountainousG areas. On top of that, add global warming.This has mainly been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide produced by factories and vehicles，and the destruction of the worlds forestsH. As a resultI, a hotter ocean causes more powerful winds.Atlantic hurricanest
9、heir howlingJ winds with speeds of over 300 kilometres an hourare 40% stronger now than they were 30 years ago.DVolcanoes and earthquakes are even more dangerous than in the past as around half the worlds population now lives in citiesK. There are more than 300 active volcanoes, about fifty of which
10、 erupt each yearL, and more than 500 million people now live within the range ofM a volcanic eruption.Because these natural disasters occur at randomN times, it is difficult to warn people in advanceO. In May 2006，thousands of Indonesians living near Mt MerapiP (which means mountain of fire) had to
11、fleeQ as they thought it was about to erupt.An even greater number of people live at riskR, to some degreeS, from earthquakes which have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred yearsT.EMost disaster experts believe there is the potentialU that things could get a lot worseV. Professor
12、 Hou Ming, of Beijing University studies volcanoes and he warns that the world has not seen the worst nature can do.The worst eruption in human history was probably Mt Tambora in 1815, in Indonesia.DustW from the volcano rolledX across the Earths skies and pretty much cancelled the following summer
13、in Europe and America.But evidence shows that 73，000 years ago there was a much greater eruption.“It reduced temperatures by maybe 6 in some places and the whole planet was sent into winter for years.And there are about two of these events every 100，000 years .”see vt.见证；经历，常用物作主语。grand rnd adj.巨大的s
14、cale skel n规模，范围；on a large/grand scale大规模的changeable tendbl adj.多变的thunderstorm ndstm n雷暴，雷雨typhoon tafun n台风tsunami tsnm n海啸increasingly adv.越来越多地，相当于more and more。此处是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直到现在的动作。此处是with复合结构，其中现在分词作宾补。rainfall renfl n降雨量irrigation ren n灌溉此处是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰the Yellow River。a number of 许多，
15、后接可数名词复数。arm m vt.武装；armed adj.武装的conflict n冲突；战斗；be in conflict有冲突result in 导致；result from因为threat n威胁；恐吓wipe out彻底毁灭；除去rough rf adj.艰难的quake kwek n地震此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语。offshore f adj.在近海岸的此处的caused by.是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰tsunami。catastrophe ktstrf n巨大的灾难get over克服separation sepren n分离，分开此处的lost in the tsun
16、ami作后置定语，修饰ones。该从句是who引导的定语从句，修饰people。turn on突然攻击at the rate of.以的速度；disturbing adj.令人不安的means minz n方法(单复数同形)earn ones living 谋生此处的whatever引导宾语从句，作介词from的宾语。clay kle n黏土brick brk n砖，砖块fall down倒下slip slp vi.滑落slide slad vi.滑行mountainous mantns adj.多山的此处的produced by.是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰carbon dioxide。a
17、s a result结果howl hal vi.咆哮，怒吼此处的as引导原因状语从句。此处是“数词 of which”引导定语从句，修饰volcanoes。within the range of.在的范围之内random adj. 随意地in advance 提前此处的living near.是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰Indonesians。flee fli vt.&vi.逃走at risk处于危险中to some degree 在某种程度上此处的which引导定语从句，修饰earthquakes。potential ptenl n可能性，潜在性此处的that引导同位语从句，说明了pote
18、ntial的具体内容。dust dst n尘土，灰尘roll rl vi.(平稳地)移动，滚动大自然正在报复我们在过去的几年里人们已经见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将到来。金莉报道了关于地球多变天气的模式。A在过去十年里，雷雨、洪水、地震、台风、火山爆发、海啸和森林火灾变得越来越频繁。亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生过非常严重的洪涝灾害。甚至欧洲也遭受了损失，大片地区已被淹没。暴风雨愈发肆虐，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。多年来降雨量减少影响了非洲的大片地区，使得灌溉渠道干涸，而许多其他地方则变得更加干旱。例如，曾经因洪水而闻名的黄河，在1997年中有226天没有到达大海。
19、有些国家已经因为水的问题而发生武装冲突，而美国西部由于降水减少已经导致了森林火灾。 B火山爆发和地震对世界上某些地区一直构成威胁。1997年的一次火山爆发几乎抹去了蒙特塞拉特这个小岛，而亚洲、欧洲和南美洲很多地方都发生了大地震。在过去的三年里，印度尼西亚饱受自然灾害之苦，它遭受了几次致命的地震，至今未能从2004年12月26日发生的亚洲海啸所造成的创伤中恢复过来，那次海啸是由一次近海地震引起的。它使132 000个印尼人和100 000个其他不同国籍的人丧生。在世界许多人的心目中，这场灾难仍然记忆犹新。他们还没有从与海啸中丧生的亲人分离的打击中恢复过来。C那么，为什么大自然开始和我们过不去呢？
20、 一个答案是人口过剩。世界人口正在以令人不安的每小时10 000人的速度增加，每年(增长)接近9 000万人，而大多数新增长的人口来自发展中国家。农业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市。然后，他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。这些房屋很少是由砖块制成，很容易在地震中倒塌或者在山体滑坡时滑下山坡，特别是在山区。除此之外，还有全球变暖。这主要是由工厂和汽车所排放的大量二氧化碳以及世界上的森林遭到破坏引起的。结果，温度升高了的海洋产生更加猛烈的风。大西洋飓风它们咆哮的风速超过每小时300千米比30年前的强度增加了40%。 D因为现在世界上约一半人口生活在城市里，火山和地震带来
21、的危害比过去更加严重。300多座活火山中大约有50座火山每年都要喷发，有5亿多人现在生活在火山喷发的范围之内。由于这些自然灾害不定时发生，所以很难提前警告人们。2006年5月，住在默拉皮山(意思是“火之山”)附近的成千上万的印尼人不得不逃离家园，因为他们认为火山要喷发了。从某种程度上说，有更多的人生活在地震的危险中，在过去的几百年间，地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。E大多数研究灾难的专家认为情况可能会变得更加糟糕。北京大学的火山专家侯明教授警告人们，自然对人类的最大灾难还没有降临。人类历史上最大的火山爆发可能要数1815年印度尼西亚博拉火山的爆发。来自火山的尘埃席卷了地球的上空，以至于第二年
22、欧洲和美洲都没有了夏天。但有数据表明，73 000年前有一次大得多的火山爆发。“它使某些地方的气温降低了大概6摄氏度，整个地球多年中都陷入冬季，而每隔10万年就有大约两次这样的事件” 学生用书P13Read the passage on P10 and choose the best answer.1Whats the reporters attitude towards our future? AWorried.BOptimistic.CDoubtful.DUnconcerned.2Which of the following is NOT right? ALarge areas of Af
23、rica are becoming drier.BA growing number of hurricanes have struck the US.CMany armed conflicts happened in many countries because of lack of water.DReduced rainfall in the east of America has caused huge forest fires.3The reason why nature is beginning to turn on us is that Athe growing population
24、 of the worldBthe destruction of the forestCthe huge amount of carbon dioxide produced by factories and vehiclesDall of the above4Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? AMany disaster experts believe that things could get a lot worse.BMany countries have suffered great loss because
25、of the natural disasters.CMany countries have taken measures to fight against nature.DThe environmental disasters are partly due to the human activities.答案：14.ADDC 学生用书P141seize vt.依法没收； (用武力)夺取2behalf n.代表3grand adj.巨大的4arm vt.武装5means n.方法6slip vi.滑落7slide vi.滑行8flee vi.& vt.逃走9potential n.可能性， 潜在
26、性10changeable adj.多变的change vt. 改变11irrigation n. 灌溉irrigate v. 灌溉12rough adj.艰难的roughly adv. 粗略地13separation n分离， 分开separate v使分离14construct vt. 建造construction n. 建造15mountainous adj.多山的mountain n. 山1apart from除以外2answer for(对已产生的不良后果)负责任3call for an end to sth.要求结束4wrap up结束5on somebodys behalf代表6
27、carry off掠去，夺走7all in all总的来说8result in导致1虚拟语气和whatever引导的主语从句If all the beasts were gone, men would die from(就会死于) a great loneliness of spirit, for whatever happens to the beasts(发生在动物身上的事) also happens to the man.2时间作主语表示见证The last few years have seen(在过去的几年里人们已经见证了) environmental disasters on a
28、grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.3with复合结构Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hitting(越来越多的飓风袭击) the US, and Central America.4to some degree作插入语An even greater number of people live at risk, to some degree(从某种程度上说), from earthqu
29、akes which have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.5that引导同位语从句Most disaster experts believe there is the potential that things could get a lot worse(情况可能会变得更加糟糕) 学生用书P14 (教材P132)Apart from the few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of mainland C
30、hina.除了在动物园看到的几只外， 熊猫只生活在中国大陆的竹林里。Apart from his nose, hes quite goodlooking. 他除了鼻子外， 其他都很好看。take apart 拆卸tell.apart区分， 分辨tear.apart撕裂fall apart土崩瓦解； 散架 巧学活用完成句子(1)除了几处语法错误之外， 你这篇作文写得不错。Apart from a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours is well written.(2)罗布喜欢拆钟表， 然而他从来都不能把它们再组装起来。Rob
31、loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.(3)这兄弟俩长得太像了， 连他们的母亲都难以辨别。The two brothers are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell them apart seizevt.依法没收； 扣押； 抓住； 夺取； 攻占； 理解(教材P132) Every year police seize bags of tiger parts and arrest illegal hunters bu
32、t sadly, many never get caught.警方每年都会缴获大量的虎制品， 并逮捕非法的狩猎者， 不幸的是， 很多未被抓到。The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.大象抓住了附近的一个树枝并把它放到嘴里。一词多义写出下列句中seize的含义(1)The enemy seized the city after a violent attack. 攻占(2)I cant quite seize what you said just now. 理解(3)If you dont pay your de
33、bt, your property will be seized. 没收seize the chance抓住机会seize sb. by the身体部位抓住某人的某个部位be seized with.受到侵袭 巧学活用完成句子(1)他决定抓住机会向她求婚。He decided to seize the chance and ask her to marry him.(2)警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。The policeman seized the thief by the arm(3)这个孩子昨天晚上生病了。The child was seized with an illness last nigh
34、t. call for an end to sth.要求结束某事(教材P132)To save these beautiful animals, we need to call for an end to illegal hunting.为了挽救这些美丽的动物， 我们需要结束违法捕猎People all over the world call for an end to war and long for peace.全世界的人要求结束战争， 渴望和平。call back召唤某人回来； 再访； 回电话call for 需要， 要求； 接(人或物)call in邀请； 请来； 收回call on拜
35、访(人); 号召call off取消call out 叫喊， 大声地说call up 使回忆起； 打电话 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)This kind of job calls for patience and determination.(2)Ill be out for some time. In case anything important happens, call me up immediately. carry off成功地对付； 夺去的生命； 获得(奖品等)(教材P132).and sometimes carry off farm animals.并且有时夺去家畜。John c
36、arried off all the prizes in the contest.约翰获得了比赛的全部奖品。carry on继续下去， 坚持下去； 从事， 开展carry out执行， 贯彻， 完成carry over 使继续下去； 使延伸carry through实现， 完成， 使渡过难关 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Henry wants to carry on a business himself.(2)They will carry out their plan with steel determination.(3)Ten days later, he carried through
37、the work. all in all总的来说； 从各方面考虑(教材P133)Well, all in all, if we help protect.总的来说， 如果我们帮助保护All in all it had been a great success.总的说来， 那是个极大的成功。in all总共at all根本； 究竟not at all一点也不above all最重要的是after all毕竟first of all首先 巧学活用完成句子(1)他虽有缺点， 但总的说来， 他是一个好帮手。He has his faults, but, all in all, he is a good
38、 helper.(2)一定不要丧失信心。最重要的是， 我们要相信自己。Never lose heart. Above all, we must believe in ourselves.(3)别再责备他了。毕竟， 他不是故意这样做的。Dont blame him any more. After all, he didnt do it on purpose.(4)首先， 我要欢迎你们来参加这次会议。First of all, Id like to welcome you to the meeting. armvt.武装(教材P10)A number of nations have already
39、 been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.有些国家已经因为水的问题而发生武装冲突， 而美国西部由于降水减少已经导致了森林火灾。The Party led a series of armed struggles during that time.在那段时间里，党领导了一系列的武装斗争。(1)arm sb. with sth.为某人配备某物(2)armed adj.武装的be armed with.带有(3)in o
40、nes arms在某人的怀抱中take sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊arm in arm臂挽臂 巧学活用完成句子(1)在正式与他们见面之前， 我需要了解所有的事实。Ill need to arm myself with all the facts before meeting them formally.(2)据说那个抢劫犯带有手枪。It is said that the robber was armed with a handgun.(3)恋人们臂挽臂在河边散步。The lovers walked arm in arm by the river. (教材P10)A number
41、 of nations have already been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.有些国家已经因为水的问题而发生武装冲突， 而美国西部由于降水减少已经导致了森林火灾。Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。result from.由于的原因as a result of. 因为as a result
42、 结果 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Her failure resulted from her laziness.(2)He lost his friends as a result of his foolish behavior. separationn分离； 分开(教材P10)This catastrophe is still very fresh in the minds of people worldwide who have not yet got over their separation from loved ones lost in the tsunami.在世界许多人的心目中，
43、这场灾难仍然记忆犹新。他们还没有从与海啸中丧生的亲人分离的打击中恢复过来。For love, imagination is often more beautiful than reality. The same with meeting also with separation.爱情总是想象比现实美丽， 相逢如是， 告别亦如是。(1)separation from.从的分离(2)separate v. 使分开adj. 分开的； 单独的separate.from. 使与分离(3)separable adj. 可分离的 separate构成短语：separate.from., 表示“将与分开” ,
44、 指把原来连在一起或接近的部分分隔开来divide构成短语：divide.into.，往往是指把某个整块分割为若干部分巧学活用单句语法填空(1)This examination is intended to separate the sheep from the goats.(2)The male and female of the species are separable(separate) by their color. meansn方法； 手段(教材P10)People in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their liv
45、ing, move to the cities, and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil.农业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市。然后，他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。There is no doubt that Wechat is an important means of communication.毫无疑问，微信是一种重要的交流工具。(1)a means of communication一种通讯/交流工具(2)by this m
46、eans通过这种方法by means of用办法；借助by all means一定，务必；好的，当然可以by no means决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) 巧学活用完成句子/句式升级此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。(means)(1)普通表达：In addition，punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(2)高级表达：Besides，by no means is punishment a wise choice t
47、o help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装) fleevt.&vi.(fled, fled)逃走； 逃避； 远离(教材P11)In May 2006, thousands of Indonesians living near Mt Merapi (which means mountain of fire) had to flee as they thought it was about to erupt.2006年5月， 住在默拉皮山(意思是“火之山”)附近的成千上万的印尼人不得不逃离家园， 因为他们认为火山要喷发了。Police caugh
48、t up with one of the gangsters, but the other three fled.警方抓住了一个匪徒， 但其余三人逃跑了。flee to.逃往flee away 逃跑 巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Earthquake victims have been forced to flee(flee) their homes.(2)The war broke out, and the whole family fled to France.(3)He never flees away at the first sight of danger. (教材P9)If all t
49、he beasts were gone，men would die from a great loneliness of spirit, for whatever happens to the beasts also happens to the man.如果所有的动物都灭绝了， 人类就会死于精神上的寂寞， 因为发生在动物身上的事同样也会发生在人类身上。(1)本句为由两个复合句组成的并列句，由for连接。第一个分句包含if引导的虚拟条件句，第二个分句中whatever引导主语从句。(2)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法：从句谓语动词主句谓语动词现在did/werewould/should/cou
50、ld/mightdo过去had donewould/should/could/mighthave done将来did/were to do/ should docould/should/would/mightdo If they had taken everything into account，they would not have made such a mistake.如果他们把一切都考虑在内，就不会犯这样的错误了。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)If you had dressed(dress) neatly yesterday，you would have got the job.(2)I
51、 would certainly go if I had(have) time.(3)If it rained/should rain/were to rain(rain) tomorrow, I should not drive my car. (教材P10)Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US, and Central America.暴风雨愈发肆虐， 越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。with a growing number of
52、hurricanes hitting the US是with的复合结构， 形式为with宾语宾语补足语。“with宾语宾补” 结构在句中可作伴随状语、方式状语、原因状语、时间状语等， 也可作后置定语。with复合结构常见形式：(1)with宾语介词短语/形容词/副词(2)with宾语doing(表主动、进行)(3)with宾语done(表被动、完成)(4)with宾语to do(表将来) The teacher with a book in his hand is our new English teacher.手里拿着书的那位老师是我们的新英语老师。在 “with宾语宾补” 结构中， 用不定
53、式作宾补时， 常用主动形式表示被动含义。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)With all the things she needed bought(buy), she went home happily.(2)With so much work to do(do), I have no time for a holiday. 品句填词1The hospital was (建造) by our company.答案：constructed2The companys (宏伟的)ambition was to become the first and biggest airline.答案：grand3Th
54、e villagers (逃走) to the higher place because of the flood.答案：fled4Wet roads increase the (可能性) for an accident.答案：potential5We express our thought by (方法) of talking.答案：means6If you break the traffic rules, the police have rights to (没收) your car.答案：seize7We were reunited after a (分离) of more than 2
55、0 years.答案：separation8Buildings made of (砖) are strong enough to stand in the earthquake.答案：bricks9New Yorkers build their city on a grand (规模)答案：scale10The baby pandas have a new home after a (艰苦的) start to life.答案：rough 单句改错1I was walking in the street when someone seized me by my arm. 答案：mythe2Ar
56、ming with some good tools, the young man started his journey. 答案：ArmingArmed3Every means have been tried to solve the terrible problem. 答案：havehas4It is hard to separate the bad apples into the good ones. 答案：intofrom5At last the man admitted that his careless driving resulted from the accident. 答案：f
57、romin 完成句子1如果你提前告诉我的话，我就能在机场遇到他了。If you had told me in advance, I at the airport.答案：would have met him2过去的三十年见证了中国发生的变化。 the great changes taking place in China.答案：The last thirty years has seen3有着太多问题要考虑， 新经理担忧得吃不下任何东西。 ，the new manager was too worried to eat anything.答案：With so many problems to co
58、nsider4她叫你干什么你就干什么，那你就太平了。Do and youll have peace.答案：whatever she tells you5有消息传来，这个村子里要建造一所新的学校。Word came 答案：that a new school will be built in this villageA卷 单句语法填空1If you had studied harder last term, you (pass) the exam.答案：could have passed2He felt more uneasy with the whole class (stare) at him
59、.答案：staring3The reform has resulted great changes in our country.答案：in4I think he will manage to carry the honours.答案：off5That night, she called for end to our love.答案：an6It didnt occur him that she would refuse his invitation.答案：to7The mother seized her child the arm.答案：by8You should focus your att
60、ention your work.答案：on9All the afternoon he worked with the door (lock)答案：locked10The train is a safe (mean) of transportation.答案：means 阅读理解AMexico City sits on an inland plateau(高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live here.In April, the count
61、ry took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting(颁布) a temporary ban on private and federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options a
62、nd school buses are not included in the ban.Mexico City isnt the first urban centre to be involved in carfree living. But the ban is more than an awarenessraiser; it was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when pollution levels
63、 passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the areas 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.Mexico Citys temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the worlds dirtiest air, has
64、tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on newcar purchases.Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternateday rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good, if shortlived, results. The day after
65、 the vehicleuse restrictions(限制) were lifted, and the blue faded back to gray. And then there is the London congestion(拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.For now, Mexico Citynamed by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992
66、can look forward to the start of the regions rainy season, when daily showers will help to clean the air.【解题导语】由于墨西哥所处的位置，使得它的空气质量问题很严重，政府为了解决空气污染的问题，开始禁止使用机动车辆等，同时北京和印度也存在着空气污染的问题。1What makes the air quality of Mexico City a concern for citizens?AIts population.BIts location.CIts public transportat
67、ion.DIts government action.B解析：细节理解题。根据文中第一段Mexico City sits on an inland plateau(高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live here.可知，由于墨西哥的地理位置，使得市民更多的关注空气质量。所以选B。2Which is TRUE about the rule enacted in April in Mexico City?AIt will come into ef
68、fect forever.BFederal vehicles are not included in the ban.CThe rule prevents people from driving on Saturdays each month.DIts a decisive measure toward reducing air pollution.D解析：细节理解题。根据文中In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting(颁布) a temporary ban on pri
69、vate and federal vehicles in the city. 可知，这项禁令旨在提高空气质量，即减少空气污染。所以选D。3What can we learn from the passage?ATwo more places are mentioned which dealt with air pollution besides Mexico City.BThe Indian government started a 47% sales tax on newcar purchases in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games.CThe actio
70、n Beijing took has got good results for a very long time.DAs for Mexico City, rainy season can help to improve the air quality.D解析：细节理解题。 根据最后一段可知，雨季可以改善空气质量。所以选D。4Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word “lifted”？AremovedBraisedCapproved DclarifiedA解析：词义猜测题。根据文中The day after the ve
71、hicleuse restrictions (限制) were lifted, and the blue faded back to gray.这项指令被移除后，蓝色的天空又变成了灰色，所以这里是移除的意思，所以选A。BLouisvillebased online company Cuddle Clones Inc.is in the business of creating custommade stuffed replicas(填充复制品) of house pets for animal lovers. Their customers are mostly people who are
72、looking for a Cuddle Clone to replace their dead pets. According to founder Jennifer Graham, her customers just want to hug their dog or cat again, even if its just an incredibly realistic replica.Graham said she got the idea for Cuddle Clones a few years ago when she was resting her head on her pet
73、 Rufus, a Great Dane. At the time, she thought it would be nice to have a lifesize version of Rufus. She took the idea to a few business plan competitions, and encouraged by the positive feedback(反馈), she decided to turn it into a reality.If you want a Cuddle Clone of your very own, all you need to
74、do is send them a picture of the pet you want to clone. Just upload the picture on their online store, choose the ear and tail positions, and add any other key characteristics you want the clone to have. Once youve made the payment, the company starts the process of creating the clone. The stuffed d
75、olls are made from highquality plush(长毛绒) materials that are specifically chosen to match your animal.Graham said that she manages the business by talking with operation managers every night via Skype. “We are trying to get them to understand the highquality design needed for our products and to bui
76、ld up a large inventory(库存) of plush materials.” They havent advertised much, but Graham said that simple wordofmouth marketing is proving very effective“From sending someone a Cuddle Clone to hug to cope with the loss of their pet to sending a teenager off to college with a plush version of their b
77、est friend, we really are creating big smiles，” she said. “As pet lovers ourselves, it makes us happy knowing that our customers are happy.”【解题导语】心爱的宠物去世，如何化解心中的那份思念？一家“克隆”宠物的公司能让你感受再度拥抱去世宠物的温暖。5Cuddle Clones Inc.offers services mainly to customers who Amiss their dead petsBwish to protect animalsCr
78、efuse to raise live petsDwant to follow the fashionA解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Their customers are mostly.hug their dog or cat again.realistic replica.可知，Cuddle Clones Inc.主要为思念去世宠物的人提供服务。6What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?AHow Graham becomes successful.BThe market demand for pets at present.CThe development of C
79、uddle Clones Inc.DWhat inspired Graham to set up her company.D解析：段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了Graham创建“克隆”宠物公司的缘由。7The underlined part in Paragraph 4 implies that Graham Aconsiders it ineffective to make advertisementsBthinks many customers hate advertisementsChas spent most money buying the materialsDbelieves goo
80、d reputation is very importantD解析：句意理解题。根据第四段画线句语境可知，Graham觉得口碑营销已见成效，由此可知她认为产品口碑十分重要。8According to the last paragraph, Graham thinks her products Aare perfectly designedBare facing great challengesCbring customers great pleasureDhave much room for improvementC解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段we really are creating b
81、ig smiles.our customers are happy.可知，Graham认为她的产品为顾客们带来了快乐。 七选五It is very important for kids to be courageous. A brave child is more likely to withstand negative peer pressure, say no to temptations(诱惑) and fight the good fight.1. It boosts kids resilience(适应力), confidence and willpower as well as t
82、heir learning, performance and school engagement. Here are several ways to develop kids courage：Set a model of courage. Kids who watch their parents stick their necks out to do the right thing are more likely to do the same. 2. Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fears instead of ta
83、king a shortcut. Your kids will learn how to take on the tough challenge they face by witnessing how you tackle your fears.3 Research finds that kids are more likely to be courageous if they believe that their parents encourage them to support those in need. Discuss bravery with your kids.Tell them
84、“Courage is making the choice to do what you know is right even if you are afraid.”Ask your kids to share their acts of bravery. Learning to be brave takes practice, so encourage your children to do something courageous every day. 4. A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner t
85、ime.Teach your kids how to reduce their fears. If not kept under control, fears can be powerful. 5. You might encourage positive selftalk, such as saying “I can handle this” or “I have courage to do this”. Or teach your children to take slow, deep breaths to find courage.ATalk about values and coura
86、ge.BCourage has other surprising benefits.CThe good news is that courage can be taught.DTeach your children simple strategies to be brave.ELet your children see you step out of your comfort zone.FIn todays uncertain world, kids will need courage and confidence.GThen take time to focus on their coura
87、geous breakthroughs.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个培养孩子勇气的方法。1B解析：根据上文可知，一个勇敢的孩子更能承受压力、拒绝诱惑，更能够为了信仰和原则而斗争；根据空处后一句可知，勇气能提高孩子的适应力、信心和毅力。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明勇气还有其他的益处，故B项正确。2E解析：本段讲述榜样的作用。根据空处后一句“Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fears instead of taking a shortcut.”可知，要向你的孩子表达克服恐惧而非走捷径的感觉是多么棒。据此可
88、以判断，空处说明要让你的孩子看到你走出舒适区，故E项正确。3A解析：根据该空位置可知，该空为该段的主题句。通读该段内容，尤其是该段最后一句可知，要与你的孩子讨论勇气，告诉他们勇气是即使你害怕也选择去做你认为正确的事。据此可知，该段主要陈述培养勇气的方法：和孩子讨论价值观和勇气，故A项正确。4G解析：根据空处后一句“A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time.”可知，一位“我”与之交谈过的母亲让她的孩子晚饭时分享他们自己的勇敢行为。据此可知，空处陈述与此对应的父母的做法：要花时间专注于孩子的勇敢突破，
89、故G项正确。5D解析：根据空处后一句可知，你可能会鼓励孩子进行积极的自我对话，比如说，“我可以处理这件事”或“我有勇气做这件事”。据此可以判断，空处是说要教会你的孩子变得勇敢的一些简单的方法，故D项正确。B卷 阅读理解How do you feel about socks? Depending on how you view them, they can either be a necessityin which case black, blue or grey will door they are a window to the way you can show off your perso
90、nality and attitudes different from others. Sounds too dramatic and crazy? Well, a new study has found the crazy socks you choose not only say a lot about you, but also say a lot about how people see you.Despite our traditional attitudes, the study published in The Journal of Consumer Research confi
91、rmed the theory that people who are nonconformists(不墨守成规的人) can potentially be viewed as having higher status and more competent(能干的) than those who obey social rules. So what does this say about your choice of wearing bright neon or rainbowstriped socks?Well, it found people who have shown to delib
92、erately(故意地) choose to wear strange socks, are seen as having increased status and competency in the eyes of others.“We believed that, under certain conditions, nonconforming behaviors can be more beneficial to someone than simply trying to fit in. In other words, when it looks deliberate, a person
93、can appear to have higher status and a sense of competency，” stated authors of the study, Silvia and Francesca Gino from Harvard University.Dr.Adam, a social psychologist from the Northwestern University, conducted a study that showed what we wear affects the way we think, feel and act. And this inc
94、ludes our socks. When we put on our silly and crazy socks, we are, in part, showing off our uniqueness and our confidence. Its this belief that helps us to skillfully achieve more success without lack of bravery or confidence.So, if youre a lover of fun and unusual socks, then go out into the world
95、and embrace them. Not only will you give people an insight into your nonconforming, unique personality, but they will hold you in good status as a result!【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项对人们穿的袜子的研究。研究表明穿奇怪袜子的人更有勇气和自信，更容易获得成功。1How do people view those who wear unusual socks?AThey hate social rules.BThey appear
96、silly and crazy.CThey are much wealthier.DThey are more outstanding and talented.D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的.people who are nonconformists(不墨守成规的人).more competent.以及第三段的Well, it found people.are seen as having increased status and competency in the eyes of others.可知，在别人眼里，穿奇怪袜子的人更出色、更有才干。2What is Silvias attit
97、ude to nonconforming behaviors?ASupportive.BDoubtful.CUnconcerned.DCautious.A解析：观点态度题。根据第四段We believed that.can be more beneficial to someone than simply trying to fit in.可知，Silvia认为在某些情况下，非墨守陈规行为可能更有好处。3What does the author advise people to do?AWear the socks they like.BHave fun and enjoy the life.
98、CHold good status in the world.DLet people have their own personality.A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段So, if youre a lover of fun and unusual socks, then go out into the world and embrace them.可知，如果你喜欢奇形怪状的袜子，那你就穿上。4What can be inferred from the passage?ATrying to fit in will help you have higher status.BUnusual so
99、cks are fashionable in society.CPeople should avoid wearing silly socks.DWhat we wear may affect who we are.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知你选择的袜子可以反映你的个性、态度，因此我们的穿着可能会影响我们是怎样的人。 完形填空It was a hot Saturday at the community center. I sat in the chair, and closely watched my 1 area. Suddenly, a little girl 2 the wat
100、er slide (水滑道). I noticed her 3 was under the water. Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.The other lifeguards congratulated me on my first 4 . I thought back to the day I first started working here. Would I have been able to 5 as quickly as I did just now?“Corinne, we need to talk，” my
101、boss said six months ago, with a 6 look on her face. “Youre a nice girl， 7 you need to be more focused on what you are doing and pay attention to your 8 ，” she said. Tears forming, I feared I would 9 my job. Then, she said, “Im going to give you another chance.” I sighed with 10 After that, I realiz
102、ed I wasnt paying attention when I was 11 . That was the turning point not only in my 12 career but my entire life. I began to 13 . When the next training came I was 14 to find I had been announced “Employee of the Month”. 15 this award made me work even harder. Soon after that I was asked to be a h
103、ead lifeguard, which made me realize that I had not only got out of my 16 habits but I was now trusted to make very important 17 for myself and others as well.I can announce that I have been 18 all throughout my job experience. The insights(见识) I have gained from my job have 19 so many aspects of my
104、 life. The experience has not only made me a better lifeguard but a more 20 person.【解题导语】作者是一名救生员，一开始工作时她不够专注，受到老板严肃的批评，幸好老板又给了她一次机会。通过自己的努力作者成为了一名优秀的救生员。1A.playBreceptionCpool DdiningC解析：根据下文“the water slide (水滑道)”可知，作者注视着自己的水池区域。pool水池。故选C。2A.flew down Bkept offCplayed on Dlooked atA解析：根据下文“under
105、the water”可知，我注意到一个小女孩沿着水滑道冲下来。fly down滑下来。故选A。3A.leg BheadCparentD.friendB解析：根据下文“Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.”可知，女孩的头在水下，有危险。head头。故选B。4A.jobBattemptCexperienceDrescueD解析：根据上文“Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.”可知，这是作者第一次救援(rescue)。故选D。5A.turn B.leadC.respond D.
106、belongC解析：句意：我能像刚刚那样迅速做出反应吗？respond做出反应。故选C。6A.calm BseriousCfunnyD.nervousB解析：根据上文“Corinne, we need to talk”可知，老板说这句话的时候表情很严肃。serious严肃的。故选B。7A.soBandCbut D.thoughC解析：上文的Youre a nice girl和下文的you need to be more focused on what you are doing 是转折关系，用but。故选C。8A.waterBstudyCcolleague D.researchA解析：根据上文
107、“sat in the chair, and closely watched my area”可知，老板让作者密切关注自己的水域。water水域。故选A。9A.findBloseCkeepD.dislikeB解析：根据上文“Tears forming, I feared”可知，作者害怕失去这份工作。lose失去。故选B。10A.careBfearCrelief Dpleasure C解析：根据上文“Im going to give you another chance.”可知，老板又给了作者一次机会，她松了一口气。relief宽慰，安心。故选C。11A.on duty Bon averageC
108、on business Don holidayA解析：句意：我意识到我在值班的时候没有全神贯注。on duty值班。故选A。12A.teachingBswimmingCmanagingD.lifeguardingD解析：根据上文“The other lifeguards”可知，那不仅在我救生员的生涯而且在我的一生中都是转折点。lifeguarding救生员的。故选D。13A.follow B.relaxCfocusD.exerciseC解析：根据上文“pay attention to”可知，作者当班的时候开始专注。focus专注。故选C。14A.sureBupsetCreadyD.surpri
109、sedD解析：根据下文“to find I had been announced Employee of the Month”可知，作者被授予Employee of the Month的荣誉，她感到惊讶。surprised惊讶的。故选D。15A.Presenting BWantingCReceivingDExpectingC解析：根据上文“to find I had been announced Employee of the Month”可知，收到这个奖励让我工作更加努力了。receiving接受。故选C。16A.badB.dailyCcommon DunusualA解析：根据上文“Soon
110、 after that I was asked to be a head lifeguard”可知，作者意识到她已经克服了坏习惯。bad坏的。故选A。17A.appointments B.commentsCpreparations D.decisionsD解析：句意：我现在被信任可以为自己和他人做重要的决定了。decision决定。故选D。18A.selfcentered B.selfbalancedCselfprotected D.selfmotivatedD解析：根据上文“made me work even harder”可知，作者在工作经历中一直是自我激励的。selfmotivated自
111、我激励的。故选D。19A.avoided B.affectedCformedD.testedB解析：句意：我从工作中得到的见识影响了我生活中的很多方面。affect影响。故选B。20A.responsible BflexibleCadmirableD.availableA解析：句意：这次经历不仅让我成为更好的救生员而且成为更负责任的人。responsible负责任的。故选A。 语法填空There is no doubt 1. the world climate has been changing in recent years. Many people blame this change on
112、 gases such as carbon dioxide. Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide when they 2. (breath). However, many other human 3. (activity) also let off carbon gases. Anytime something 4. (burn), carbon is put into the atmosphere. Cars and other vehicles burn petrol in their engines, and electrical powe
113、r plants most often burn fuels such 5. coal and oil in order to produce electricity. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the 6. carbon we are letting off.One thing we can all do to help solve this problem is to walk or use 7. bicycle when possible. At home, you should use as littl
114、e energy as possible. Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air 8. (produce) oxygen. 9. (plant) a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of 10. (satisfy) kno
115、wing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.1that解析：考查名词性从句。此处that引导同位语从句。There is no doubt that.毫无疑问2breathe解析：考查词性转换。此处是作谓语，故用动词。breathe vi.呼吸。3activities解析：考查名词单复数。此处被many修饰，故用名词复数形式。4is burnt解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：任何时候烧东西。由此可知是被动意义。5as解析：考查介词的用法。such as例如6more解析：考查固定句型。the 比较级.，the 比较级.，意为：越越7a解析：考查冠词的用法。从此表示泛指，用冠词a。8to produce解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。9Planting解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词作主语。10satisfaction解析：考查词性转换。介词of后接名词。satisfaction n满足。
