1、语法专题五连词和状语从句考点一连词在句中连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的词为连词。根据句子的结构特点，连词通常分为并列连词和从属连词。1并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为：表并列关系的连词(and，as well as，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.等)、表转折关系的连词(but，yet，however，while，nevertheless等)、表选择关系的连词(or，either.or.，otherwise等)、表因果关系的连词(for，so，therefore等)。Why do you like staying in Guiyang?Becau
2、se the weather there is neither too hot nor too cold.2引导名词性从句或状语从句的主要有以下从属连词：that，whether，if，as，when，while，till，until，since，after，before，because，though，although，so.that，where等。I arrived after he left.考点二时间状语从句1when，while，as都可译为“当的时候”，但侧重点有所不同。当主句动作是瞬时的，从句动作是延续的时，三者都可以用。as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。while从句的谓语
3、必须是延续的，不能是非延续性动词。She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing，and we felt happy when we got home.我们一边走她一边唱，她唱的时候我认真听。到家的时候我们感觉很高兴。2until 和not.untiluntil 要与延续性动词连用；not.until 要与非延续性动词连用。He didnt go to bed until his father came back.3特殊的时间状语从句的引导词1)the moment，the minute，the instant，
4、the second；no sooner.than.；hardly/scarcely.when.等以及表示瞬间的directly，immediately，表示“一就”，相当于as soon as。no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.结构中no sooner和hardly/scarcely引导的句子中谓语动词通常用过去完成时，而than和when引导的句子中谓语动词通常要用一般过去时，此外，no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装语序。Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom.H
5、ardly had I got home when it began to rain.2)next time，the first time，last time，every time，the spring (summer，autumn，winter)等，这类短语名词直接用作连词引导时间状语从句。Every time I see him he wears a pleasant smile.4by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为“到时为止”，主句一般用完成时态。By the time he was fourteen，Einstein had learned advanced math
6、ematics all by himself.(从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时)5几组固定形式1)It will be一段时间before.多久之后才2)It is一段时间since.自从以来已有多长时间了。3)be about to do.when.；be doing.when.；on the point of doing.when.It will be two days before he returns.It is three years since I came here.I was doing my homework when my cousin came.考点三结果状语从句其
7、常用句型：so形容词/副词that从句so形容词a/an单数可数名词that从句somany/much/little(少)/few名词that从句such a/an形容词单数可数名词that从句such 形容词复数可数名词/不可数名词that从句He is so young that he can not go to school.It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.考点四because，since，as和now that1because为常用词，且说明的是直接原因，并可回答why引导的问句。2as，sin
8、ce和now that语气较弱，常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since译为“既然，鉴于”时不可用as替换。I didnt come to school yesterday because I was ill.Why are you late today?Because I didnt catch the bus.As its raining，youd better take a taxi.Since everybody is here，lets begin.考点五让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：though，although，even if/ though，however，n
9、o matter how，no matter what，no matter who等。1though，although引导让步状语从句时都不能和but连用，但可以同yet (still) 连用。Although he is rich，yet he is not happy.2as/though引导的让步从句时，从句要采用倒装语序。Child as /though he was，he knew what was the right thing to do.Try hard as he will，he never seems to do the work well.Young as/though
10、he is，he is expert in this field.3whether.or not意为“无论(是否)”。Whether you believe it or not，it is true.4however形容词/副词 no matter how形容词/ 副词，意为“无论多么”。No matter how cold it is，he still works outdoors.5whever等一系列连词既可引导让步状语从句相当于no matter wh，也可引导名词性从句。而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。No matter what happened
11、，he would not mind.Whatever happened，he would not mind.考点六条件状语从句条件状语从句通常分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless/ if.not，as long as/ so long as，as far as/so far as，provided/providing (that)，on condition that等。1条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。如果条件状语从句中出现过去式，则为虚拟条件句，那么主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。If he is not at home，I
12、 will come again.If he had listened carefully，he would have done it better.2unless 相当于if.not，在虚拟条件句中可用if.not，但不能用unless。You will fail unless you study hard.If she were not too silly，she would understand it.考点七目的状语从句目的状语从句常用的连词(短语)有so that(以便)，in order that(以便)，lest，in case，for fear that.等。1so that /
13、 in order that 引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can，could等。in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，而so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。He spoke loudly so that / in order that all the people could hear him clearly.2lest，in case，for fear that所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为“should动词原形”，也可不用虚拟语气。He wrote the name down for fear that he shoul
14、d forget it.You may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.1(2012课标全国高考)I dont believe weve met before，_ I must say you do look familiar.Atherefore Balthough CsinceDunless2(2012课标全国高考)You have to move out of the way _ the truck cannot get past you.Aso Bor Cand
15、Dbut3(2012全国高考)I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.Awhen Bthan Cuntil Dafter4(2012北京高考) Look at those clouds! Dont worry._ it rains，well still have a great time.AEven if BAs though CIn case DIf only5(2012天津高考)Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the
16、 graduation ceremony.Awhile Bwhen Cwhere Dthough6(2012上海高考)I have a tight budget for the trip，so Im not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices.Aonce Bif Cafter Dunless7(2012重庆高考)Coach，can I continue with the training? Sorry，you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.Auntil Bbefore
17、 Cas Dunless8(2012上海高考)The map is one of the best tools a man has _ he goes to a new place.Awhenever Bwhatever Cwherever Dhowever9(2012福建高考)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union.Aif Bunless Cbecause Dsince10(
18、2012湖南高考)_ I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A.AWhile BOnce CIf DUntil11(2012湖南高考)_ hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.AHowever BWhateverCWhichever DWhenever12(2012江苏高考)Ones life has value _ one brings value to the lif
19、e of others.Aso that Bno matter howCas long as Dexcept that13(2012江西高考)You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast.Aunless Beven if Cin case Das long as14(2012辽宁高考)Leave your key with your neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.Aas long as Beven thoughCin case Das if15(2012山东高考)He sm
20、iled politely _Mary apologized for her drunken friends.Aas Bif Cunless Dthough16(2012山东高考)A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.Awhen Bwhere Cbefore Duntil17(2012陕西高考)Hot _ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.Aal
21、though Bas Cwhile Dhowever18(2012四川高考)At school，some students are active_some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.Awhile Balthough Cso Das19(2012四川高考)If you happen to get lost in the wild，youd better stay_you are and wait for help.Awhy Bwhere Cwho Dwhat20(2012陕西高考)All the photograp
22、hs in this book，_ stated otherwise，date from the 1950s.Aunless Buntil Conce Dif21(2011全国高考)Try _ she might，Sue couldnt get the door open.Aif Bwhen Csince Das22(2011北京高考)_ volleyball is her main focus，shes also great at basketball.ASince BOnce CUnless DWhile23(2011上海高考)If a lot of people say a film i
23、s not good，I wont bother to see it，or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD.Awhether Bafter Cthough Duntil24(2011上海高考)The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.Ain case Bas ifCin order that Donly if25(2011江西高考)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoo
24、n，or_ it is convenient to you.Awhenever Bhowever Cwhichever Dwherever26(2011浙江高考)One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekendaway _ my daughter heard cries for help.Aafter Bwhile Csince Dwhen 27(2011四川高考)Frank insisted that he was not asleep _ I had great difficulty in waking him up.Awhether Ba
25、lthough Cfor Dso28(2011四川高考)As is reported，it is 100 years _ Qinghua University was founded.Awhen Bbefore Cafter Dsince29(2011辽宁高考)He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.Asince Bas Cwhen Dthan30(2011陕西高考)_all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the
26、 post.ASince BWhile CIf DAs31(2011天津高考)_ regular exercise is very important，its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.AIf BAs CAlthough DUnless32(2011山东高考)He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good picture.Aeven if Bif only Cin case Dso that33(2011重庆高考)To show our
27、 respect， we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with.Awhichever Bwhenever Cwhoever Dwherever34(2013安徽皖南八校第二次联考)He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work.Awhen Bbefore Csince Dthat35(2013河南中原名校联考)I think George doesnt really
28、 care for TV plays.Right，_ he still watches the program.Aand Bso Cbut Dfor36(2013北京东城区示范校综合练习一)_ finishes the task first，he is supposed to win the prize.AWho BWhoeverCAnyone DThose who37(2013福建莆田测试)Seize the chance，_ you will regret it.Thank you.Aand Bbut Cso Dotherwise参考答案 1Btherefore意为“因此，所以”；alth
29、ough意为“尽管，虽然”；since意为“由于，既然，自从”；unless意为“除非，如果不”。根据前后句的逻辑关系判断应选B项，句意：尽管我要说你真的看起来很眼熟，但是我认为我们以前没有见过面。2B根据句意判断应选用or，表示“否则”。句意：你得让开道，否则，卡车不能够从你身边开过去。3Ahardly常与when连用，表示“一就”；hardly.when.no sooner.than.，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用一般过去时。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话要我马上回家。故选A项。4A句意：看看那些云彩！不用担心，即使下雨，我们也仍然会玩得很开心。even if “即使”；as th
30、ough “好像”；in case “以防万一”，if only“要是就好了，只要”，根据句意可知选A项。5C句意：毕业典礼的一切都按照他的想法被安排得井井有条。where在此处引导地点状语从句，修饰谓语动词was placed。6D句意：我这次旅游的费用很紧，因此我不准备坐飞机，除非那些航空公司能降低票价。从语境的连贯判断，这里用unless引导假设状语从句表示“除非”。once “一旦，一就”；if “假如”；after “在之后”。7Cuntil和before用来引导时间状语从句；as引导原因状语从句；unless引导条件状语从句；根据第二句可知，为原因状语从句。句意：教练，我能继续训练
31、吗？对不起，你不能，因为你膝盖上的伤还没痊愈。故选C项。8A句意：不管什么时候要去陌生的地方，地图是我们最好的工具之一。这里用whenever引导时间状语从句表示“无论什么时候”，连词在从句中作时间状语。whatever表示内容，在从句中作主语或宾语；wherever表示地点；however表示“无论用什么方式，无论多么”，都不符合句意。9Bif意为“如果”：unless意为“如果不，除非”；because 意为“因为”；since意为“自从，由于”。句意：除非希腊政府能得到欧盟的财政支持，否则它很难克服目前的困难。故选B项。10A句意：尽管我一直感觉我会通过这次考试，但从没想过会得一个A。w
32、hile“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，多放于句首。once“一旦”； if “如果”；until “直到”，均不符合句意。11A句意：不管你有多努力，不降低你的饮食量而达到减肥的目的是困难的。however引导让步状语从句，其后要紧跟形容词或副词。故A项正确。12CA项意为“目的是为了，结果”；B项意为“不论如何，无论怎样”；C项意为“只要”；D项意为“除了”。句意：一个人只要给别人的生活带来价值，那这个人活得也就有价值。13D句意：你可以借我的车，只要你保证不开得太快。as long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。unless “如果不，除非”；even if “即使，纵然”；in ca
33、se “假使，免得，以防”。14C句意：将你钥匙留给你的邻居以防你某天会把自己锁在外面。as long as “只要”；even though “即使”；in case“以防万一”； as if “好像”。根据句意C项正确。15A句意：当玛丽因喝醉的朋友道歉时，他礼貌地笑了笑。as在此句中意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。if和unless引导条件状语从句；though引导让步状语从句。故选A项。16B句意：很多高楼在一年前只有废墟的地方建起来了。what需要在句中充当主语、宾语或表语，故排除；before和until都引导时间状语从句，不符合句意。因此选用where，引导地点状语从句。17
34、B句意：尽管晚上天气热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为经过长时间的旅行之后我们太累了。as 引导让步状语从句需用部分倒装，其形式是将作表语的形容词或名词置于句首。18A句意：在学校里，有些学生很积极，然而有些很害羞。但他们彼此都可能成为好朋友。while “然而”，并列连词，符合句意。19B句意：如果你偶然在荒野中迷路，你最好待在原地等待帮助。where在此引导地点状语从句，符合句意。20A句意：这本书里所有的照片，除非是另行标注，都能追溯到20世纪50年代。unless “除非”；until “直到”；once “一旦”；if“如果”。根据句意可知选A项。21D四个选项中只有as引导让步状语从句时使
35、用倒装结构，所以答案为D项。句意：尽管苏试了，但她还是无法把门打开。22Dwhile “虽然，尽管”。23D句意：如果许多人说一部电影不好看，我就不会费心去看，或者我等着直到能在DVD上观看。whether“是否”；after“在之后”；though“虽然，尽管”；until“直到时，到为止”。24C我们城市的警察们十分努力地工作，为了让我们这些人过一种安全的生活。in case “免得，以防”；as if “仿佛，好像”；in order that “为了”；only if “只要就”。25A句意：下午请给我的秘书打电话安排会议，或者其他对你来说比较方便的时间也可以。根据题中的时间状语可知，
36、这里强调的是时间，所以答案为A项whenever，意思是“无论何时，任何时候”。26Dbe doing.when.“正在干某事突然”，when“在这时，在那时”，相当于at this/that time。句意：在某个周五，我们正在为周末的出行而打包，这时女儿听到了求救声。故选D项。27B句意：尽管我费了好大劲才将他叫醒，但弗兰克坚持说他没有睡熟。although“虽然；尽管”；whether“是否”；for“因为”；so“因此”。根据句意选B项。28DIt be一段时间since从句意为“自从，已多久了”。且since 所在的从句一般用过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。before 常用在
37、It will be some time/wont be long before. 结构中，表示“要过多长时间才/用不了多久就”。29D句意：他刚一结束演讲，学生们就开始欢呼起来。no sooner.thanhardly.when，“一就”，是固定搭配。故选D项。30B句意：虽然他们都是实力很强的求职者，但只有一个人将被选出来担任这个职位。while在此处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，相当于although。31C第一个句子在说经常锻炼的好处，第二句子则说快要睡觉时锻炼是不好的，由此可知二者之间存在转折或让步关系。if“如果”，引导条件状语从句；as“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句，虽然
38、as还有“虽然，尽管”的含义，可用来引导让步状语从句，但此时从句必须用倒装，即把名词、形容词等提到as的前面；although“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；unless“如果不，除非”，引导条件状语从句。句意：虽然经常锻炼是很重要的，但是快到睡觉的时间锻炼绝不是一个好主意。32Ceven if “尽管”；if only“要是就好了”；in case“以防万一，假使”；so that “为了，结果是”。句意：他准备好了相机万一看到一幅美景就把它拍下来。若用so that则应为：He had his camera ready so that he could make a good pictu
39、re when he saw something.33C句意：为了表示我们对他人的尊重，通常情况下，无论与谁握手，我们都要摘掉手套。shake hands with sb.表示“与某人握手”，本句中with 后缺少宾语，故用whoever，引导让步状语从句。whoever “无论是谁”；whichever “无论哪一个”；whenever “无论何时”；wherever “无论何处”。34B句意：他被告知至少要过三个多月才能完全康复回到工作岗位。Itbe一段时间before.“要过多久之后才”，故B 项正确。35C句意：我以为乔治不太喜欢电视剧。是的，但他仍然在看节目。上下文是转折关系，故选but。36B句意：无论谁最先完成任务，都应该得奖。whoever引导让步状语从句，并在从句中作主语。37D句意：抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。谢谢你！根据句意可知D项正确。
