1、Unit 1A land of diversity阅读单词1.strait n海峡2Arctic adj. 北极的3ministry n. 部；牧师4federal adj. 联邦制的5aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机6.pole n地极；电极7tram n. (有轨)电车8bakery n. 面包房9seagull n. 海鸥10insert vt. 插入；嵌入11angle n. 角；角度12percent n. 百分比；百分率写作单词1.rail n铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条2hardship n. 苦难；困苦3occur vi. 发生；出现4luggage n. 行李(美b
2、aggage)5thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的6boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期7shave v. 刮；剃8civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的9hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用10grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会11thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的12reform v. 改革；革新n. 改革；改造；改良13despite prep. 尽管；不管14nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无15brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器v. 刹(车)；用制动器减速16nephew n. 侄子；外甥17fasc
3、inating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的18justice n. 正义；公平19mourn vt.& vi. 哀悼；怀念20authority n. 权威；权力；当局；官方语境活用1In the winter break I went nowhere (无处)，just stayed at home.2I am not certain I have grasped (领会)what you meant.3Sometimes he hires(雇用) two or three labourers to help his harvest.4A strong man will bear hards
4、hip (困苦)without complaining.5Reforming (改革)the education system will be a difficult procedure.6It just occurred (想起；发生) to me that if we wanted to go to the seashore for our vacation，we had better make reservations in advance.7Whenever it is，we should keep a thankful(感激的)heart towards everything exi
5、sted.8Despite (尽管) his frequent absence，Bruce managed to keep up with his studies.拓展单词1.distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n差别；区分；卓著2immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)immigrant n(从外国移入的)移民immigration n移民；移居入境3means n方法；手段mean v意思是；意味着adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的meaning n意思4majority n大多数；大半major adj.主要的vi.主修 n专业minority n少数5elec
6、t vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人election n选举6racial adj.人种的；种族的race n种族；竞争7crossing n横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道cross n十字；交叉adj.交叉的；生气的v.使交叉；横过across prep.在的对面(过)8applicant n申请人apply vi.申请application n申请书；申请9customs n海关；关税；进口税customer n顾客10socialist n社会主义者；社会党人adj.社会主义者的society n社会social adj.社会的socialism n社会主义11indicate vt.指
7、出；标示；表明；暗示indication n迹象；标示indicator n指示器；指示信号12apparent adj.显而易见；显然的；表面上的apparently_adv.显然地；显而易见地13conductor n(公车) 售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥conduct v管理14slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n滑动；滑倒slippery adj.滑的15punishment n惩罚；处罚punish vt.惩罚；处罚语境活用1He was one of the 30 applicants (apply) for the managers job.2Could you give me
8、some indication (indicate) as to when I am likely to receive a reply?3Many people think that the death penalty is too severe a punishment (punish)for any crime.4The government should do more to promote racial (race)equality.5With the election (elect)of a new leader，the country became relatively stab
9、le.6You must give way to any pedestrians on the crossing (cross)7The majority (major)of children in our class have brown eyes；only three have blue eyes.8Be careful！The road is slippery (slip)because of the snow.9Apparently (apparent)，he wasnt satisfied with the result.10She works as a conductor on a
10、 bus.第一组短语识记1.take in包括；吸收；欺骗；理解2apply for 申请；请示得到3mark out 用线画出范围；标出界线4back to back 背靠背5team up with 与合作或一起工作6the majority of 大多数语境活用1.I would like to apply for admission to the English Club of our school.2If you team up with your classmates，you will surely get the same work done far better.3These
11、teenagers dont know much of the world yet；thats why they are so easily taken in.4While you are reading an article，youd better mark out the key words and topic sentences.第一组短语识记1.keep up坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)2live on 继续存在；继续生存3make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4by means of 用办法；借助5occur to sb. 某人突然想到6a great/good ma
12、ny 许多；很多语境活用In the history，the Chinese immigration into California dates back to the 1850s.1.A great /good many Chinese went to California 2.by means of ship for money or jobs.After their arrival，they had to 3.make a life there，for which some people suffered a lot，and others 4.kept up their Chinese
13、customs to 5.live on.填写课本佳句1.However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。2That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。3It is beli
14、eved that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显的、主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。1means n手段；方法教材原句Scientists believe that these settlers cros
15、sed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的陆上桥梁穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。(1)by this means通过这种方法(2)by means of 用办法；借助(3)by all means 一定；务必；好的，当然可以(4)by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)Nowadays，Mobike has become an important
16、 means of transport in many cities.Students build up their vocabularies by means of reading more.By no means was (be) he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish it by all means.means用法探究means 用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。2occ
17、ur vi.发生；出现经典例句It occurred to me that he might be interested in the problem we had discussed.我突然想起他也许对我们讨论过的那个问题感兴趣。(1)Sth.occur(s) to sb.某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that. 某人突然想起It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事(2)occurrence n. 发生It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit，to take a momen
18、t to see whats around them.(2018北京卷)But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurence (occur) of anger.It occurred to him that he had left his keys in his office.3elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人教材原句By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850，it
19、 was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。(1)elect sb.(as/to be)职位be elected职位(职位前无冠词)elect to do .选择或决定(2)election n选举She was elected as new Prime Minister last year.If I am lucky enough to win the election(elect)，the first thing I will do is to enrich our studen
20、ts afterclass activities.It is said that only two students will be elected to take(take) part in the coming English contest.4majority n大多数；大半单句语法填空A majority of Africans are (be) forced to work for the Europeans.The majority of the land has been destroyed (destroy)so far.I hope to gain a bit more kn
21、owledge of gardening so that it can help me to major in the gardening after attending college.(1)a/the majority of.大多数in the/a majority 占多数(2)major n& v. 主修；专业major in 主修；以为专业(3)minority n. 少数in the/a minority 占少数the majority of 后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数，若集
22、合名词考虑个体，则谓语动词用复数。5hire n. & vt.租用；雇用单句语法填空There are many bicycles on hire in this area.There are three small boats available for hire.David used to hire his car out sometimes when he didnt need it himself.(1)on hire出租for hire 可供出租(2)hire sth.out (to sb.)把租出去(给某人)6take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留介、副词填空The more
23、fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.The boy likes taking apart his toys，but often cant put
24、 together.The plane is taking off.Please wear your safe belt.take apart拆开；剖析take up 从事；继续；拿起；占据take over 接管take off 起飞；脱下；离开take on 承担；呈现That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。This/That is why.为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是的原
25、因”，用来表示原因。(1)Thats why.那就是为什么(why 从句表示结果)(2)Thats because .那是因为(because 从句表示原因)(3)The reason why.is /was that.的原因是(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)完成句子 Not everyone acts the same in response to events，and thats why what triggers(触怒)one person may or may not triggers another.并不是每个人对事件的反应是一样的，那就是为什么触怒一个人的事件可能
26、或不可能触怒另一个人。From space，the earth looks blue.Thats because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。The reason why he has had such a success is that he never gives up.他取得那么大的成功的原因是他从不放弃。.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Exactly when the first p
27、eople arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed (cross) the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge whi
28、ch existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century，after the arrival (arrive) of the Europeans，the native people suffered greatly(great)Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.In addition，many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans.However，some survived these terrible times，and today
29、there are more Native Americans living (live) in California than in any other state.In the 18th century California was ruled (rule) by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century，when they fought against the native people and took their (they) land.Two centuries l
30、ater，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were (be) religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.话题微写作星光中学(Xingguang High Scho
31、ol)近期举行了一次游览公园的活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇短文，报道此次活动。内容包括：1时间和地点：星期天，公园；2活动方式：大部分同学骑车游览；3活动过程：动身前，我们突然想到要带着行李和指示路线的地图；在路上我们相互合作；显而易见，很多同学对公园的景色着迷；4你对于这次活动的评论。注意：1尽量多地使用本单元的知识点；2可适当增加细节；3请根据以上要点写一篇80词左右的短文。范文The majority of the students visited the park by means of cycling this Sunday.It occurred to us that w
32、e should carry our luggage and the map indicating the route to the park.On the way to the park，we teamed up with each other.It was apparent that a great many students were fascinated by the scenery of the park.Thankfully，not only did it make us relaxed，but it also promoted the friendship among us.Wh
33、at a wonderful time!第36讲文章衔接语(一)衔接与过渡性词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句之间，段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接(过渡)性词语是非常必要的。高中阶段应该掌握的连接(过渡)性词语归纳如下：一、表示起始关系的过渡性词语above all, to begin/start with, today, now, nowadays, at present, currently, recently, generally speaking, according to, with the development of.等Recently, the Min
34、istry of Education has issued a requirement that students should be given labor education while at school, which arouses a heated debate.近来，教育部要求上学期间加强学生劳动教育，这引起了激烈的讨论。To start with, I have been learning and speaking Mandarin for about 17 years.首先，我学说普通话已经17年了。补充句子1现在，我想与你们分享一下我的经验。(湖南卷，满分作文)Now，Id
35、like to share my experience with you.2总的来说，你练习越多，用英语写作就越熟练。Generally_speaking，the more you practise，the more skillfully you can write in English.二、表示时间顺序的过渡性词语firstly, first of all, to begin/start with, then, later, in the end, finally, at last, after that, afterwards, since then, immediately, sudde
36、nly, meanwhile等。Firstly, I have always been interested in reading books.Secondly, Id like to share my books with others as well.首先，我一直对读书感兴趣；其次，我也喜欢与别人分享我的书籍。Second, go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.第二，到户外和朋友一起做团队游戏，因为身体锻炼
37、是一种有效的排解怒气的方式。首先，我把所有的书籍、报纸和其他的散落在屋子里的东西收集起来放好，然后我扫去所有家具上的灰尘，之后我扫地、拖地。Firstly， I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture. After that， I swept and mopped the floors. 基础巩固单句语法填空1With the tourist trad
38、e booming (boom)，the residents of this area are paying more attention to the protection of nature.2The advertisement for engineers in the local paper attracted many applicants (apply)3The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the class rang，which interrupted our heated discussion.4When it comes to e
39、ducation，the/a majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.5She became the first black woman to_be_elected (elect) to the Senate.6The site of the new park has been_marked(mark) out.7It is honorable to make a life with your hands while depending on others is a shame.8Tom overslept t
40、his morning.This is why he was late for work.9It occurred to me that one shouldnt lose heart when in trouble.10It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.能力提升 .阅读理解We are born，we live，we age and we die.This is the natural cycle of human existence.The world record holder for the
41、 longest human life is Jeanne Louise Calment of France，who lived to 122 years and 164 days.But what is the secret to a long life?Human beings are complex，and we live for a very long time，making studies of the process of ageing a serious challenge.Most of the research to date has therefore been done
42、in animals.Two of the favorite species for these kinds of studies are Caenorhabditis elegans，a very tiny worm，and Mus musculus，the laboratory mouse.The worms generally live for just two or three weeks，while the mice have an upper lifespan of around three years，and both have a lot of genes that are q
43、uite similar to our own.Using these models，researchers have identified several possible candidates，including stem cells，calorie restriction(能量限制)，and even some drugs，could hold off the ageing process.After years of careful research，there is now a wealth of knowledge just waiting to be tested in peop
44、le.We spoke to Brian Kennedy，CEO of the Buck Institute for Research on Aging.“Were a nonprofit medical research institute thats focused on understanding ageing.We realized when the doors opened in 1999 that ageing was the biggest risk factor behind all of the diseases that we care about，”he explains
45、.“I think the exciting thing that we have learned over the past decade is that its really possible to slow ageing in a mouse，or even in primates(灵长类动物)The challenge now is to take that knowledge and apply it to humans.”语篇导读本文是一篇说明文，衰老是人类面临的无法抗拒的自然规律。如何延缓衰老呢？科学家一直在努力寻求答案。如今，在一些动物身上，延缓衰老已经成为可能。现在面临的挑战
46、是如何将这些可能应用到人类的身上。1The studies of ageing were performed in two special animals because_.Athey have similar lifespans to mankindBtheir genes are easy to be testedCtheir genes are similar to mankindDthey have the same genes as mankind解析：C细节理解题。由关键句第二段第一句和第二段第四句可知，科学家们之所以在这两种动物身上进行研究是由于人类很复杂，而且生命周期长，而这两
47、种动物生命周期比较短，同时它们的基因与我们人类的基因很相似。故选C。2Which of the following can probably be used to prevent ageing process?AAnimal genes.BMus musculus.CStem cells.DCaenorhabditis elegans.解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，用于延缓衰老的候选药物包括干细胞、能量限制和一些药物。故选C。3What can we learn from the last paragraph?AThe study of ageing was started in
48、 1999.BIts possible to slow ageing in some animals.CThe study of ageing cant be tested in humans.DThe study shows that slowing ageing in humans is a reality.解析：B细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容及关键句可知，B项正确。故选B。4Whats Brian Kennedys attitude towards slow ageing?ACritical.BNegative.CIndifferent. DPositive.解析：D观点态度题。根据
49、第三段第一句“After years of careful research，there is now a wealth of knowledge just waiting to be tested in people.”可知，科学家们对延缓衰老的研究已经在动物身上积累了大量的经验，只是需要等待在人类身上进行试验；故可推知，Brian Kennedy对这项研究是持乐观态度的。故选D。.完形填空Back in 1959，when I was 13，I attended a school in Brooklyn.Because of the Sabbath on Friday，we had an
50、early _1_from school.Most of the students would go to local parks to play basketball or baseball.I always _2_myself instead in a small public library，_3_for hours before sundown，the beginning of the Sabbath.There was a kind of _4_in that library that led me to worlds that I thought Id never see.I wa
51、s _5_to the Green Mountain Boys，to Isaac Asimov robots，to the swashbuckling novels of ThomasBCostain and to a whole host of _6_ of the mind.I found a paradise(乐园)of silence where I could _7_my inner self and find the treasures of other worlds._8_，after watching the current generation of teens _9_in
52、the troubled waters of technology，I had little confidence in the _10_ of the book.I felt sure that the physical object would be a thing of the past which the Twitter (推特)world had already _11_，limiting the imagination of this _12_to the few characters that they could _13_in the shortest period.But o
53、n a Saturday in August，I was shocked into the _14_ that my fears might be unnecessary.Stony Brook University _15_a competition for teens representing local public libraries.The participation of my granddaughter，Kayla，brought it to my _16_.In the Student Activites Center，hundreds of young people came
54、 in character costumes，_17_ ready to respond to a multitude of questions about books they had read.They had spent the summer in _18_.Imagine，an entire summer reading when they could have lazed with their smartphones and followed the president into the Twitter universe._19_，they followed their imagin
55、ations and _20_themselves to the books.Perhaps there is hope for the world.1A.start BreleaseCreply Dwarning解析：B根据上文中的“Because of the Sabbath on Friday”可知，周五是安息日，故此处表示我们放学很早。release“释放”；warning“警告”。2A.found BimaginedCamused Dnoticed解析：A根据上文中的“Most of the students would go to local parks to play baske
56、tball or baseball”并结合语境可知，大多数同学会去当地公园打篮球或棒球，而“我”总是发现(found)自己在一个小公共图书馆里。amuse“逗笑”；notice“注意到”。3A.dreaming BdiscussingCreading Dstruggling解析：C根据上文中的“in a small public library”可知，“我”在一个小公共图书馆里，故此处为在太阳下山之前阅读(reading)几个小时。struggle“奋斗”。4A.book BquietCguide Dlight解析：B根据下文中的“my inner self and find the trea
57、sures of other worlds”可知，“我”可以在图书馆里探索内在自我，找到其他世界的珍宝。所以此处表示在这个图书馆里有一种安静(quiet)，它能带“我”到“我”认为“我”永远见不到的世界。下文中的“a paradise(乐园)of silence”也是提示。5A.introduced BboundCpersuaded Dforced解析：A根据语境可知，此处为“我”认识了(introduced)很多书中的人物。bind“迫使，约束”；persuade“说服，劝服”；force“逼迫”。6A.fights BanalysesCimages Dadventures解析：D根据语境可
58、知，此处指给“我”带来了精神上的冒险(adventures)。fight“打架”；analysis“分析”；image“形象”。7A.lose BexploreCignore Ddesert解析：B根据语境可知，在这片安静的乐园，“我”可以探索(explore)内在自我，找到其他世界的珍宝。ignore“忽视”；desert“抛弃”。8A.However BMoreoverCTherefore DFurthermore解析：A根据下文的描述可知上下文存在转折关系，故选However“然而”。moreover“此外”；therefore“因此”；furthermore“更有甚者”。9A.ruin
59、ed BdrawnCstuck Dabused解析：C根据“the troubled waters of technology”可知，此处表示如今陷入技术混乱的一代青少年。stick“被难住”。ruin“毁坏”；draw“引起”；abuse“滥用”。10A.publication BsurvivalCsubstitute Dcontent解析：B根据下文尤其是下文中的“I felt sure that the physical object would be a thing of the past”可知，“我”感觉这个现实存在的物品(书)将会成为过去，故此处为“我”对书的存活(survival
60、)抱有很少的信心。publication“出版”；substitute“代替物”；content“内容”。11A.destroyed BreachedCattracted Dovertaken解析：D根据语境可知，此处表示推特世界已经超越了(overtaken)这个现实存在的物品。destroy“摧毁”；reach“到达”；attract“吸引”。12A.librarian BgenerationCuniversity Dneighborhood解析：B根据上文中的“after watching the current generation of teens”可知，此处指把这一代(genera
61、tion)青少年的想象力限制在少数几个人物身上。librarian“图书馆管理员”；university“大学”；neighborhood“邻居”。13A.consume BplayCrecognize Ddefeat解析：A此处表示这一代青少年关于这几个人物的想象力可以在最短的时间内消耗掉(consume)。recognize“认出”；defeat“打败”。14A.hope BpromiseCawareness Dinspiration解析：C根据上文中的“But on a Saturday in August”及下文中的“Stony Brook University _15_a compe
62、tition for teens representing local public libraries” 的描述可知，此处为“我”震惊地意识(awareness)到“我”的恐惧可能是不必要的。promise“许诺”；inspiration“灵感”。15A.proposed BabandonedCdelayed Dhosted解析：D此处表示Stony Brook大学为代表当地公共图书馆的青少年举办了(hosted)一场比赛。propose“提议”；abandon“抛弃”；delay“延误”。16A.attention BmemoryChome Dchildhood解析：A此处表示“我”的孙女
63、Kayla的参与引起了“我”的注意(attention)。bring.to ones attention“引起某人的注意”。17A.hopefully BenthusiasticallyCnever Dphysically解析：B根据上文可知，成百上千的学生来参加比赛，所以空处表示他们热情地(enthusiastically)准备回答与他们所读的书相关的问题。18A.advance BvainCpreparation Dpresentation解析：C根据上文中的“respond to a multitude of questions about books they had read”及下文
64、中的“an entire summer reading”可知，此处为他们用暑假的时间进行准备(preparation)。19A.Instead BSomehowCAnyhow DUnfortunately解析：A上文提到想象一下，他们整个夏天都在阅读，他们本可以懒散地玩智能手机，这与下文中的“他们跟随了他们的想象”形成转折，故选Instead“相反”。somehow“用某种方法，不知怎的”；anyhow“尽管如此，至少”；unfortunately“不幸地”。20A.delivered BbetrayedCdevoted Dleft解析：C上文提到他们整个夏天都在阅读，所以选C。devote“献身，致力，倾注”。deliver“传送”；betray“背叛”。
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