1、社会生活类 阅读理解Some people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German
2、 city believe in fairytales(童话)The first envelope was sent to a victim support group. It contained 10,000 with a cutting from the Braunschweiger Zeitung about how the group supported a woman who was robbed of her handbag; similar plain white anonymous(匿名) envelopes, each containing 10,000, then arri
3、ved at a kindergarten and a church.The envelops keep coming, and so far at least 190, 000 has been distributed. Last month, one of them was sent to the newspapers own office. It came after a story it published about Tom, a 14yearold boy who was severely disabled in a swimming accident. The reception
4、ist at the Braunschweiger Zeitung opened an anonymous white envelope to find 20 notes of 500 inside, with a copy of the article.The name of the family was underlined.“I was driving when I heard the news，”Claudia Neumann, the boys mother, told Der Spiegel magazine.“I had to park on the side of the ro
5、ad; I was speechless.”The money will be used to make the entrance to their house wheelchairaccessible and for a course of treatment that their insurance company refused to pay for.“For someone to act so selflessly, for this to happen in such a society in which everyone thinks of himself, was astonis
6、hing，” Mrs.Neumann said. Her family wonder whether the donator is a Robin Hood character, taking from banks to give to the needy.Henning Noske, the editor of the Braunschweiger Zeitung, said：“Maybe it is an old person who is about to die. We just do not know.”However, he has told his reporters not t
7、o look for the citys hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations.1The Braunschweiger Zeitung is the name of _.Aa church Ba bank Ca newspaper Da magazine2Which of the following is TRUE about the donation to Tom?AThe donation amounted to 190, 000.BThe donation was sent directly to his house.C
8、The money will be used for his education.DHis mother felt astonished at the donation.3It can be inferred from the passage that _.Athe donator is a rich old man Bthe donation will continue to comeCthe donation comes from the newspaperDthe donator will soon be found out4What would be the best title fo
9、r the passage?AMoney Is Raised by the NewspaperBNewspaper Distributes Money to the NeedyCUnknown Hero Spreads Love in EnvelopesDRobin Hood Returns to the City 【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了城市英雄以匿名信封的形式在经济上帮助需要帮助的人。1. C推理判断题。从第一段“But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accomp
10、anied by an article from the local paper”和第二段“with a cutting from the Braunschweiger Zeitung”可推出Braunschweiger Zeitung是当地一家报纸。2. D细节理解题。从倒数第二段Tom的妈妈所说的话可知答案。3. B推理判断题。从最后一段“he has told his reporters not to look for the citys hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations.”可知捐赠还会继续。4. C主旨大意题。本文
11、介绍了城市英雄以匿名信封的形式在经济上帮助需要帮助的人。科普知识型阅读理解 专题导读科普类文章是高考阅读理解中的难点题材，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。科普类文章具有结构严谨、逻辑性强等特点。其主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。 这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下特点：1文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中常用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2句子结构较复杂，语法分
12、析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。真题典例【2011湖南卷】A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct(不同的) species.The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Un
13、iversities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephantsthe Asian elephant，African forest elephant，and African savanna elephant.Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列) from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons，the teamcompared th
14、em with DNA from modern elephants.They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been
15、distinct species for several million years.The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths.This result amazed all the scientists.There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species，but thi
16、s is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.Previously，many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species，despite the elephants significant size differences.The savanna elephant
17、 has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres.The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons，roughly double the weight of the forest elephant.But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are dif
18、ferent species.However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.Alfred Roca，assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois，said，“Wenow have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes.Since 1950，all African elepha
19、nts have been conserved as one species.Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals，the forest elephant should become a bigger priority(优先)for conservation purposes.”()1.One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of _.Athe Asian elephant Bthe forest e
20、lephant Cthe savanna elephant Dthe mastodon elephant ()2.The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “_.”Aevolution Bexhibition Cseparation Dexamination ()3.The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants _.ADNA Bheight Cweight Dpopulation ()4.What are Alfred Rocas
21、 words mainly about?AThe conservation of African elephants.BThe purpose of studying African elephants.CThe way to divide African elephants into two units.DThe reason for the distinction of African elephants.()5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?ANaturalists Beliefs about E
22、lephantsBAmazing Experiments about ElephantsCAn Unexpected Finding about ElephantsDA Long Scientific Debate about Elephants【解析】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍关于大象的最新研究成果：非洲大象被分成两种完全不同的品种非洲草原大象和非洲森林大象。1D细节理解题。根据第三段 “Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them
23、 with DNA from modern elephants.”可判断选D。2C词义猜测题。根据第四段“The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years.”可知，科学家已证实，非洲的草原大象与非洲的森林大象几百万年来都不属于同一品种，即可推断下句为“两种大象的分离应发生在”。由此可推断划线词应意为“
24、分离”，故选C。3A细节理解题。根据第三段“Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.”可判断研究者的
25、结论是建立在对非洲大象的DNA研究结果的基础上的，故选A。4A逻辑推理题。根据最后一段中的“Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先)for conservation purposes.”可推断他的讲话是围绕对非洲大象的保护的，故选A。5C主旨大意题。根据主题段第一段可知，本文主要介绍关于非洲大象的最新研究成果：非洲草原大象和非洲森林大象实为两种完全不同的品种
26、。由此判断选C。语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】A group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep pit (坑). When the other frogs saw how deep the pit was, they told the two frogs that they were as good as_1_(death). The two frogs didnt listen to the othe
27、rs and tried to jump out of the pit with all_2_might. The other frogs kept telling them to stop. Finally, one of the frogs heard what the other frogs_3_(say) and gave up, so he died. The other frog went on jumping as hard as he_4_. Once again, the other frogs cried at him and told him to stop and ju
28、st allow himself to die. He jumped even_5_(hard) and finally made himself out. When he got out, the other frogs said, “Didnt you hear us？” The frog explained_6_them that something was wrong with his hearing. He thought they were encouraging him_7_whole time.There is power of life and death in the to
29、ngue. An encouraging word to someone_8_is down can lift him or her up and help them make it through the day. Be careful_9_what you say. Speak life to those who cross your path. The power of wordsanyone can speak bad words that rob another of the spirit to go on in difficult times. But an_10_(encoura
30、ge) word can go such a long way. 1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6_ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._答案：1dead这两只青蛙掉在深坑里，被认为死定了。2theirwith all their might“竭尽全力”。3were saying过去进行时，当时别的青蛙不断地说。4couldas hard as he could“尽力”。5harder比较级，比先前更努力。6to跳出来的青蛙向其他的青蛙解释说，用介词to。7thethe whole time“全程，一直”。8who关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone。9ofbe careful o
31、f“小心，当心”。10encouragingencouraging“鼓励的”，形容词修饰名词。广东省语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。There was once a beautiful girl who hated herself because she was blind. She also hated everyone else, except her _1_ (love) boyfriend who was considerate and was always there to help her. On
32、e day she told her boyfriend, “You _2_ (be) so kind to me and if I could only see the world, I should marry you.”One day, someone donated a pair of eyes to her. Doctors spent several hours doing _3_ (operate) for her and the boy accompanied her at the bedside all the time. When the bandages came off
33、, she was able to see everything, her boyfriend _4_ (include), of course.He asked her, “Now _5_ you can see the world, will you marry me？” The girl looked at her boyfriend and saw that he was blind, too.The sight of _6_ ugly closed eyelids shocked her and made her feel sick. She had not expected tha
34、t, and _7_ thought of looking at them in the rest of her life led her to refuse to marry him.Her boyfriend left _8_ tears and a few days later sent a note to her， _9_ said，“Please take good care of your eyes, my dear, because before they are yours, they were _10_！”After reading the words, the girl b
35、urst out crying, regretting what she had done to the boy.1解析结合语境考查非谓语动词。由下文“who was considerate and was always there to help her”可得出答案。loving是由love去掉e后加ing构成的，loving意为“充满爱的”。答案loving2解析考查时态。在间接引语中，当动作或状态现在仍然如此时，可以保持原时态。故此处应用are。答案are3解析考查词性转换。由设空特点可以看出此处需要一个名词作动词do的宾语，所以应用operate的名词形式operation。答案ope
36、ration4解析考查独立主格结构。注意主句和“her boyfriend_”之间缺少连接词，而且boyfriend与动词include之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词与“her boyfriend”一起构成独立主格结构。答案included5解析结合语境考查连词。now that意为“既然，由于”。句意为“他问她既然你见到了光明，你愿意嫁给我吗？”。答案that6解析结合语境考查形容词性物主代词。此处是指男孩的眼睑紧闭，故用his较为妥当。答案his7解析结合语境考查冠词。名词前设空答案首先考虑限定词，结合题意可知此处应填the。thought意为”想法，主意”。答案the8解析结合语境考查介词。由语境判断，女孩的做法使男孩非常伤心，男孩流着泪离开了。in tears“泪流满面地”。答案in9解析结合语境考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词which代指前面的先行词note，在定语从句中充当主语。注意空格前面的逗号，此处which不可用that替换。答案which10解析结合语境考查名词性物主代词。由前面的“before they are yours”可知，后面也应用名词性物主代词；此处是男孩留言的内容，应用第一人称，所以用mine。答案mine
