1、读文清障原文呈现dilemma/dIlem/n.困境，进退两难的窘境 in a dilemma处于进退两难的境地make a discovery发现communication n通讯PIONEERS OF SCIENCEIf you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century,you would have a real dilemma on your hands.In just 100 years,the world changed completely.Amazing discoveries we
2、re made in medicine,communications and transport,Section Lesson 2&Lesson 3读文清障原文呈现not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical proceduresreplacing diseased organs with donated ones.not to mention更不用说
3、knowledge n知识，学问range vi.(在一定范围内)变动，变化 range from.to.从到不等microscope/maIkrskp/n.显微镜procedure/prsid/n.步骤；程序organ/n/n.器官donate/dneIt/vt.捐赠；赠送replacing diseased organs with donated ones是现在分词短语作定语，修饰surgical procedures。读文清障原文呈现correspond/krIspnd/vi.通信；符合meanwhile/minwaIl/adv.同时(meantime)figure out弄清楚，弄懂s
4、plit/splIt/vi.分开，分离过去分词短语作定语，修饰the atom。single out挑选出，选拔出(for/as)Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing.We started flying around the world and meanwhile，scientists figured outhow to split the atom,previously thoug
5、ht to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery,it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.Here are five of them.科学发展的先驱者第12段译文如果要选择20世纪最重要的一个发现，你将会面对一个真正的难题。仅仅100年，世界就完全变了。医学、通讯和交通运输方面都有了惊人的发现，更不用说我们对世界和空
6、间的了解了。医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官这样的外科手术过程。通讯随着移动电话的引入而改变，我们通信的方式也从写信变成发电子邮件。我们开始在世界各地飞行，同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。虽然不可能选择最重要的发现，但是挑选出20世纪的几个先驱者是可能的。以下是他们中的5位。读文清障原文呈现One of the 20th centurys premier scientists was Albert Einstein.In the summer of 1905,this outspoken young man was ro
7、cking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.“Emc2”was born.premier/premi/adj.最重要的outspoken/atspk n/adj.直言的，坦率的be doing sth.when.是固定句式，意为“正在做某事，这时”。读文清障原文呈现“an amount of不可数名词”后跟谓语单数；“amounts of不可数名词”后跟谓语复数。theory of relativity相对论21 according to依照，根据Emc2 showed how a small piece of mass
8、could produce an unbelievable amount ofenergy.Einstein then showed in his“theory of relativity”that not even time,mass or length are constant they change according to 21 our experience of them.读文清障原文呈现Einstein had already become world-famous 22 when 23 a young ex-lawyer,returning from the First Worl
9、d War24，started work in California.Using the most high-powered telescope of the time25，he began the long,slow process of exploring our galaxy26.22 world-famous adj.世界闻名的23 had just/already done.when.刚刚/已经，这时/此时24 returning from.是现在分词短语作后置定语。25 high-powered adj.高性能的，马力大的telescope/telIskp/n.望远镜using.t
10、ime是现在分词短语作方式状语。26 galaxy/lksi/n.星系读文清障原文呈现Edwin Hubble was about to make astronomys greatest breakthrough of the century.He discovered small areas of mist27 which were in fact galaxies like our own,millions of light years away from us,which proved that the universe was vastly larger than had previo
11、usly been thought.27 mist/mIst/n.薄雾第34段译文20世纪最重要的科学家之一是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦。1905年的夏天，这个直率的年轻人正在摇着他一岁大的孩子，突然灵感就产生了。“Emc2”诞生了。Emc2显示出了质量很小的物质怎样能产生出令人难以置信的巨大能量。之后爱因斯坦又在他的“相对论”中表明，甚至连时间、质量和长度也不是持久不变的根据我们对它们的了解，它们也会有所改变。就在爱因斯坦的名字响彻世界之时，从第一次世界大战的战场回来的一个年轻律师，开始了他在加利福尼亚的工作。用一台在当时倍数最高的望远镜，他开始了漫长的对我们的星系的探索。埃德温哈勃即将实现本世纪天文
12、史上最大的突破。他发现小的雾区实际上是像我们自己的一样的星系，离我们有几百万光年之远。这个发现证明了宇宙比我们以前想象的要大得多。读文清障原文呈现28 far-reaching adj.影响深远的，广泛的29 double-check v再检查30 mould/mld/n.霉，霉菌31 around which the bacteria had been destroyed是“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。In 1929,another far-reaching28finding was made by the son of a Scottish shepherd.Before he went
13、 on holiday,biologist Alexander Fleming left a dish with bacteria in it in his laboratory.When he came back,he noticed something strange.Hedouble-checked29 and saw a blue mould30 in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed31.读文清障原文呈现This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penici
14、llin32，which Fleming realised could be used to kill bacteria33.A few years later,penicillin was being mass-produced34 and helping to save the lives of millions.Fleming remained modest about 35 the amazing outcome36 of his discovery.“Nature made penicillin，”he said,“I just found it.”32 penicillin/pen
15、IsIlIn/n.青霉素，盘尼西林33 which Fleming realised could be used.是which引导的非限制性定语从句。which代替penicillin，作从句的主语。34 mass-produce vt.大量生产35 be modest about对谦虚36 outcome/atkm/n.后果，结果读文清障原文呈现37 cure/kj/vt.治愈38 navy/neIvi/n.海军39 missile n导弹40 turn to求助于41 wrestle/res l/vi.努力解决；摔跤；搏斗During the Second World War,when F
16、lemings discovery was first helping to cure 37 people,the US Navy 38 was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles39.The navy turned to40 Eckert,an engineer,and Mauchly,a physicist,to wrestle41 with the problem and produce a machine to do the job.Although they only finished after
17、the war in 1946,it did not matter.This huge machine was the worlds first computer,读文清障原文呈现42 nothing like一点儿也不像43 circuit/skIt/n.电路44 so.that“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。该结果状语从句中又包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句。but it was nothing like42 our computers today.It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30 t
18、onnes.With 18,000 tubes,thousands of circuits43 and 6,000 switches,it used so much energy that when it44 was turned on,the lights in the local town went out！第57段译文 1929年，又一个意义深远的发现诞生了，发现者是一个苏格兰牧羊人家的儿子。去度假之前，生物学家亚历山大弗莱明把一个带有细菌的盘子放在实验室里。回来时，他注意到不同寻常的东西。他再检查了一下，发现盘子里有青色的霉斑，其周围的细菌都被消灭了。实际上这些青色的霉斑正是青霉素的自
19、然形态，弗莱明意识到青霉素可能被用来杀灭细菌。若干年后，青霉素被大规模生产，帮助挽救了数百万人的生命。他的发现具有令人难以置信的成效，但是弗莱明对此很谦逊。“大自然创造了青霉素，”他说，“我只是发现了它。”第二次世界大战期间，弗莱明的发现第一次被用来帮助治疗人们，这时美国海军正在致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。海军方面向工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利寻求帮助来解决问题并制造一台能完成这项工作的机器。虽然他们直到战后的1946年才研制出这台机器，但这无关紧要。这台巨大的机器是世界上的第一台计算机，但是它一点儿也不像我们今天的计算机。它长100英尺，高10多英尺，重30多吨。内含18 000个电子管
20、，几千块电路板和6 000个开关。它消耗的能量特别多，以至于一开机时当地镇上的灯都会熄灭！读文清障原文呈现45 be dedicated to doing致力于做46 quality n质量，品质，性质quantity n数量47 affect vt.影响(have an effect on)48 by mistake错误地These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to 45 improving the quality46 of human life on earth,but sometimes breakthrough dis
21、coveries that have affected 47 our lives today happened by mistake48！读文清障原文呈现49 be grateful for感激50 allow vt.允许 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事51 microwave/maIkrweIv/n.微波炉52 notice.doing注意到正在做For example,we are all grateful for49the handy microwave oven that allows 50 us to prepare meals in minutes and w
22、e have Percy Spencer to thank.This inventor,with 120 patents to his name,discovered microwaves51when he was experimenting with radars and noticed a chocolate melting52 in his pocket.读文清障原文呈现There is no doubt about it53.Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology,whether luc
23、ky or planned54，the world as we know it today 55would have been a 56completely different place.53 There is no doubt about/that.毫无疑问54 whether lucky or planned是一个省略句，补全为whether it was lucky or it was planned。55 as we know it today是as引导的方式状语从句。56 would have been在此是虚拟语气的用法，前面由without短语引出含蓄虚拟条件句。从句为过去式，
24、则主句用“would have done”形式。第89段译文 这些20世纪的先驱者们都致力于提高地球上人类生活的质量，但是，有时候，影响我们今天生活的突破性发现却是由于错误而发生！例如，我们都很感激方便的微波炉使我们能够在几分钟之内准备好饭菜，对此我们要感谢珀西斯宾塞。这个名下拥有120个专利权的发明家在用雷达做实验时注意到自己口袋里的一块巧克力在熔化，从而发现了微波炉。这一点是毫无疑问的，如果没有这些科技先驱者们的突破，是否是由于幸运还是有所计划，我们今天所熟悉的这个世界将会是个完全不同的世界。.根据英文释义用方框内所给单词填空exit，dilemma，cure，meanwhile，dona
25、te，rescue，outcome，official 1_:a person who has a position of responsibility in an organization2_:to help someone or something out of a dangerous,harmful or unpleasant situation3_:the door through which you might leave a building or large vehicleofficialrescueexit4_:a situation in which a difficult c
26、hoice has to be made between two different things you could do5_:to give money or goods to help a person or organization6_:at the same time7_:a result or effect of an action,situation,etc.8_:to make someone with an illness healthy againdilemmadonatemeanwhileoutcomecure.根据词性及汉语意思写出单词1_ n 类别；类型2_ n.同事
27、，同僚3_ n.程序；步骤4_ n.器官5_ vi.通信；符合6_ vi.分开，分离7_ adj.最重要的8_ adj.直言的，坦率的9_ n.薄雾categorycolleagueprocedureorgancorrespondsplitpremieroutspokenmist10_ n.海军11_ n.导弹；飞弹12_ vi.努力解决；摔跤；搏斗13_ n.微波炉14_ n.电路15_ n.专利navymissilewrestlemicrowavecircuitpatent.补全短语1 advance 预先2take _接收，接管3get _使理解4give _泄露(秘密)；捐赠5come
28、 _出现；出版；结果是6take control 控制，掌管7not mention.更不用说inoveracrossawayoutofto8range .to.从到；在之间变化或变动9figure 计算出；弄清楚10turn 求助于11nothing 完全不像12be grateful 对感激fromouttolikefor1I was so angry that I walked out,leaving him sitting there shocked and white-faced.我气得出去了，留他坐在那里，一脸惊愕，面色苍白。句式分析 leave宾语宾补。形容词(短语)作状语。佳句
29、赏析 刷牙的时候，不要让水一直流。Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth.因为昨晚太害怕了，我躺在床上没睡着。Because I was too afraid last night,I lay in bed,awake.2In the summer of 1905,this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.1905 年夏天，这个直率的年轻人正在摇着他一岁大的孩子时，突然灵感就产生了。句式分
30、析 be doing.when.意为“正这时/那时突然”。佳句赏析 我正在全神贯注地读书，这时忽然一位老友来访。I was reading a book attentively when an old friend came to see me.3Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology,whether lucky or planned,the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place.如果没有这些
31、科技先驱者的突破，是否是由于幸运还是有所计划，我们今天所熟悉的这个世界将会是个完全不同的世界。句式分析 含蓄虚拟条件句，without 短语为含蓄虚拟条件。佳句赏析 如果没有英语老师的帮助，我就不会取得这么快的进步。Without my English teachers help,I wouldnt have made such rapid progress.Can you recognise these scientists in the pictures?Do you know their major discoveries?Please match the major discoveri
32、es with the scientists.amade the worlds first flightbproved the Theory of Gravity to be truecinvented an advanced steam enginedwas the inventor of telephone答案：d c a b.Read for the main idea and the details1The purpose of this article is to_.Aintroduce the Wright BrothersBintroduce the process of sci
33、entific breakthroughCintroduce the major scientific discoveries in the 20th centuryDshow the contributions scientists made to the world答案：C2True(T),False(F)or No Information(NI)Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb.()Hubble discovered that our galaxy is bigger than w
34、e thought it was.()Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened.()Fleming developed the process for making penicillin.()The first computer project failed to meet its original goal.()The scientist who discovered microwaves invented microwave ovens.()答案：NI T F NI T
35、NI.Read for the structureRead the text carefully and then fill in the chart with the information in the text.Pioneers of ScienceIn the 20th century,amazing discoveries were made in medicine,communications and transport;humans knowledge of _ greatly increased.PioneersDiscoveries/InventionsSignificanc
36、ethe world and spaceE mc2It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievableamount of _.Albert Einstein_relativityIt showed even time，mass and lengthchange according to our experience of them.Edwin Hubble_ like our own,millions of light years away from usIt proved that the universe was
37、 vastly larger than had previously been thought.energyTheory ofGalaxies_PenicillinIt helped to save the lives of millions.Eckert&Mauchly The worlds first computerIt was produced to improve the _ of the US Navys missiles.Percy Spencer_It helps us to prepare meals in minutes.Without these _ of these p
38、ioneers in science and technology,we would have had a completely different world.AlexanderFlemingaccuracyMicrowavebreakthroughs1present(P22)(1)vt.主持(电视或广播节目)；展现，呈现；赠送，颁发；提交，宣读present sb.with sth.把送给，给颁发present sth.to sb.把送给，给颁发present sth.(to sb.)(for sth.)提交(给)(以供)She used to present a gardening pr
39、ogramme on TV.她曾在电视上主持过一个园艺节目。You need to present yourself better when you have a chance to deliver a speech.当你有机会发表演讲的时候，你需要更好地展现自己。You must present your library ticket every time you borrow books.你每次借书都必须出示借书证。He presented a silver cup the winner.He presented the winner _ a silver cup.他把银杯颁发给获胜者。t
40、owith(2)adj.目前的，现在的(作前置定语)；出席的，在场的(作后置定语)at the present time 目前，现在be present at 出席be absent from.缺席It was not father but mother who _ the ceremony.不是父亲而是母亲出席此仪式。was present at(3)n.礼物，礼品；现在，目前at present at the present time 目前，现在for the present for the time being 目前，当前“At present/At the present time,m
41、y blood is about up to the boiling point.”said George.“现在，我全身的血都快沸腾了，”乔治说。I will leave the matter as it stands _.当前我打算暂时搁一搁(以后再解决)这事。语境串记 At present,the girl present at the party is considering asking her father for the prize that just has been presented to him as a birthday present.现在，参加宴会的那个女孩正考虑向
42、她父亲要那个刚颁发给他的奖品作为生日礼物。for the present2What Im trying to say is that we sent the questions to her programmers in advance.(P22)我想说的是我们提前把问题反馈到她的程序员那里。in advance 预先(1)in advance of sth.在前面；超过on the advance 在上涨with the advance of 随着的发展(2)advance on/towards/upon 朝前进(2015北京高考改编)To catch the early flight,we
43、 ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。His ideas were _,and only a few people could understand him.他的思想走在时代的前列，只有少数人能理解他。Im afraid that the housing price is still _ the advance.恐怕房价仍在上涨。_,it is becoming easier for us to communicate with each other whenever and wher
44、ever we are.随着技术的发展，对于我们来说随时随地地彼此交流变得更容易了。in advance of his timesonWith the advance of technology3It is reported that the millionaire has decided to give away all his money to charities.(P23)据报道，这位百万富翁已经决定将他所有的钱都捐给慈善事业。give away 泄露(秘密)；赠送；捐赠；颁发写出下列句中 give away 的含义The university chancellor(校长)gave aw
45、ay our diplomas._He gave away most of his money to the homeless in the earthquake-stricken area._He was arrested for having given away state secrets on purpose._颁发捐赠泄露(秘密)give in 投降，屈服；交上，呈上give up 放弃，戒掉give out 分发；用光，用尽give off 发出(气味、热、光等)The argument went on for hours as neither side would _.因为双方都
46、不肯让步，争论持续了几个小时。My strength _ when I got to the top of Mount Tai.当到达泰山山顶时，我筋疲力尽了。give ingave out4His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.(P23)他在公司里投资的唯一理由就是接管它。take over 接收，接管；接任，接替take in 吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗take off 脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；成功take on 呈现；雇用；承担take up 拿起；着手处理；占据(时间、空间等)When
47、 Mr.Green retired,his son took over the business from him.格林先生退休后，由他的儿子接管他的生意。I had to _ all her responsibilities because she was ill.由于她生病了，我不得不承担起她所有的责任。Internet shopping will _ when people make sure that it is safe.当人们确信了网购的安全性时，它就成功了。I was _ by the salesman the car turned out to be uneconomical
48、and unreliable.推销员欺骗了我那辆汽车结果既不经济又不牢靠。take ontake offtaken in5rescue v拯救，救援 n.援救；营救(P23)rescue.from.把从中营救出来come/go to sb.s rescue rescue sb.营救某人The brave firefighter rescued three children from the burning building yesterday.昨天这名勇敢的消防队员从燃烧的高楼内救出了三个孩子。The victims in the earthquake can always depend on
49、 the police to _.地震中的遇难者们总是可以指望警察来营救他们。go/come to their rescue/rescue them6Amazing discoveries were made in medicine,communications and transport,not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.(P24)医学、通讯和交通运输方面都有了惊人的发现，更不用说我们对世界和空间的了解了。not to mention 更不用说，且不说(其后接名词、代词或动名词，相当于 let alone/not to s
50、peak of/without mentioning/to say nothing of)mention sb./sth.(to sb.)(向某人)提起某人/物mention doing sth.提到做某事Dont mention it.(别人道谢时回答)不客气。make(no)mention of (未)提到He cant walk,not to mention running.他连走都不会，更别说跑了。Have I mentioned my holiday plan you?我向你讲过我的假期安排了吗？Every time I mentioned _(take)a swim in the
51、lake,he seemed unhappy.每当我提起下湖去游泳，他总是显得不高兴。totaking7Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones.(P24)医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官这样的外科手术过程。donate vt.捐赠；赠送(1)donate sth.to sb.向某人捐献某物(2)donatio
52、n n.捐赠；捐赠物；捐款give/make/present a donation to.向捐赠(2015天津高考写作)I believe these donated books will not only make you more familiar with China but help enhance your Chinese.我相信这些捐赠的书籍，不但能使你更熟悉中国而且能帮助提高你的中文。Last year Mr Wilson donated one million dollars _ the cancer research.去年威尔逊先生捐了一百万美元来支持癌症研究。We want
53、 to make a _(donate)to the Hope Project,so we are organizing a charity show.我们想为希望工程捐款，所以我们正在组织一次慈善演出。todonation8Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing.(P24)通讯随着移动电话的引入而改变，我们通信的方式也从写信变成发电子邮件。correspond vi.通信；符合；相当
54、于correspond with 与通信correspond to 相当于，类似于correspond to/with 与相符，与一致(2014江西高考满分作文)Have you been corresponding withhim since you graduated from the university?大学毕业后，你一直和他通信吗？I assure you my actions will _ my words.我向你保证：我将言行一致。correspond with/to9We started flying around the world and meanwhile,scienti
55、sts figured out how to split the atom,previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.(P24)我们开始在世界各地飞行，同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。meanwhile(1)adv.同时，与此同时，其间(meantime)My daughter went to see her piano teacher this morning.Meantime/Meanwhile,I went shopping.我女儿今天上午去见
56、她的钢琴老师。在此期间，我去购物了。(2)n.期间in the meanwhile in the meantime 与此同时，在此期间The train wont leave within an hour._,we can have lunch.火车在一个小时之内不会开走。在此期间，我们可以吃午餐。名师点津 meanwhile 可以作名词和副词，但不能作连词，所以不能引导时间状语从句。In themeanwhile/meantime10During the Second World War,when Flemings discovery was first helping to cure pe
57、ople,the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.(P25)第二次世界大战期间，弗莱明的发现第一次被用来帮助治疗人们，这时美国海军正在致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。cure vt.治愈，治好；矫正 n.药；治疗；措施(常与介词 for 连用)(1)cure sb.of sth.治好某人的病；改正某人 的不良行为(2)seek a cure 寻求治疗a cure for cancer 治疗癌症的药物take a cure 接受治疗To my satisfaction,this me
58、dicine cured me of my cold.让我感到满意的是，这种药治好了我的感冒。Parents try to _.父母努力纠正孩子的不良习惯。The government is trying to seek a good cure unemployment.政府正在努力寻找解决失业的好办法。cure their children of bad habitsfor辨析比较 cure,treat,healcure意为“治愈，治好”，可直接跟人或疾病作宾语，也用于指人的生活习惯的纠正、矫正等，与介词 of 搭配，强调结果treat只指治病，不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是病
59、；以人作宾语时，病用 for 短语表示。它强调“治疗”这一动作heal多用于治愈外伤，指伤口愈合选用上述单词填空He was sent to hospital after the accident.Fortunately,it didnt take a long time for the wounds to _.However,he still suffered from headache.The doctor _ his headache with a new drug but didnt _ him.事故发生后，他被送往医院。幸运的是，不长时间伤口就愈合了。然而，他仍然头痛。医生用一种新药
60、治疗他的头痛，但没治好。healtreatedcure1I was so angry that I walked out,leaving him sitting there shocked and white-faced.我气得出去了，留他坐在那里，一脸惊愕，面色苍白。“leave宾语宾补”结构表示“让处于状态”。leave sb.doing 表示让某人处于持续的某种状态中，doing 作leave 的宾补。除 doing 之外，下列结构也可作 leave 的宾补：介词短语、形容词、副词、过去分词等。He likes leaving the door closed and the window
61、s open when he goes to sleep.他睡觉时喜欢关门开窗。In space a small push will leave you (float)away.在太空中，只要轻轻一推就会让你飘走。He went away,leaving the work (unfinish)工作未完成他就走了。句中 shocked and white-faced 为形容词(短语)作状语，表示状态。有些形容词可放在动词后面表示伴随状态，形容词(短语)作状语还可表示原因、时间、地点、条件、让步等。For a moment she just stood there,what had just ha
62、ppened.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。floatingunfinishedunable to believeLin Tao,_,nodded his agreement.因为林涛很乐意接受这条建议，所以他就点头同意了。_,he got up at six and took a walk in the park.不管是晴天还是下雨，他总是六点钟起床，并到公园里散散步。名师点津 形容词(短语)作伴随状语时，表示句子谓语动作发生过程中，句子主语所处的状态，该状语结构可转化为 and 引导的并列句。They got lost in the forest,hopeless an
63、d frightened.They got lost in the forest and _.他们在森林里迷路了，又无助又害怕。glad to accept the suggestionRainy or finefelt hopeless and frightened2In the summer of 1905,this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.1905 年夏天，这个直率的年轻人正在摇着他一岁大的孩子时，突然灵感就产生了。(1)本句采用了 be doi
64、ng.when.句式，意为“正这时/那时突然”。when在其中作并列连词，相当于 at this/that time。Last Monday,I _(walk)in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。(2)when 作并列连词的其他用法：be about to do.when.be on the point of doing.when.正 要 这 时/,那 时 突然had hardly done.when.had just done.whe
65、n.刚刚这时/,那时突然was walkingI was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.I _ my best friend encouraged me to go on.我正要放弃这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。I _ the bell rang,announcing the class was over.我刚做完试卷，这时宣告下课的铃声响了。was on the point of giving up whenhad just/hardly finished my exam paper when1第一段
66、中 dilemma 形象说明了选择 20 世纪最重要的一个发现的艰难性，amazing discoveries,not to mention 具体说明 20世纪有很多最重要的发现。对于 amaze 一词，其-ing 形式表示“令人惊异的”，修饰物，其-ed 形式表示“感到惊异的”，修饰人。选词填空：Im _ that the young girl should get the post.(amazing/amazed)amazed2第二段中 single out 表明挑选出 20 世纪几个科学先驱者的可能性。试完成句子：The headmaster _(挑选出一些学生)to join in g
67、ame yesterday.3第三段用 outspoken 形象地描绘出 Albert Einstein 坦率的个性。后文副词 suddenly 修饰动词 inspired 更加传神地描述了 Emc2 诞生的过程。试翻译句子：我忽然想起没有锁门。_singled out some studentsI suddenly remembered that I hadnt locked the door.4第四段用 in fact,previously 说明之前人们对宇宙的未知。in fact 意为“事实上”，表示转折，同义短语为_。5第五段中 on holiday,left a dish with
68、bacteria,noticed something strange 等词块的使用形象地说明了 Alexander Fleming 发现青霉素的偶然性。6第六段中 mass-produced,save 体现了青霉素的发现对人类的巨大作用，之后的 modest 也委婉地突出了 Fleming 令人敬仰的科学精神。discovery 的动词形式是_。as a matter offactdiscover7第七段中 looking for,wrestle with 的使用从侧面反映了科学探索的漫长及艰难性。试翻译句子：我们必须与困难作斗争。_8第八段 by mistake 形象地说明了科学上的许多突破
69、性发现却是由于错误而引发的。by mistake 意为“错误地”，同义短语为_。We must wrestle with difficulties.by accident课文标题“PIONEERS OF SCIENCE”直接点明了文章的主题“科学发展的先驱者”。本文的写作结构是“总分总”。1第一段点明科学的快速发展改变了我们的世界。2第二段转折词 although 与上文形成对比，同时引出下文。本段中的_.为承上启下的过渡句，起着总结上文、领起下文的作用。3第三段至第七段按照时间的顺序介绍了 20 世纪科学上的一些重大发现。每段的段前句都起到承上启下的作用，使段与段之间衔接自然，文章如行云流水
70、般自然流畅地展开。Here are five of them4第八段首句前半部分照应上文，but 引导的后半部分则引起下文，后面紧接着用 for example 举例展开。试着给下面的句子填上衔接词：There are many things we need to know,_ we do not learn them at school._,if we want to we our money wisely,we need to shop carefully.5第九段给全文作出总结，点明这些科学家所做出的重大发现对社会带来的重要影响。butFor example课时跟踪检测_.单句语法填空1
71、Lilys mother leaves her _(stay)at home alone.2This is a new cure the disease the present time.3Bill Gates was so nice that he decided to give _ ninety percent of his money to the charities.4I still cant take _ why you were so angry at my remarks at the meeting.forstayingatawayin5His expenses do not
72、correspond _ his income.6Id like to make a small _(donate)in my mothers name.7We cant afford a car,not _(mention)the fact that we have no garage.8You must pay for the book _ advance before we deliver it to you.to/withdonationto mentionin.完成句子1_(既惊奇又高兴),Tom came to the front and accepted the prize.2I
73、 _(正要离开，这时突然)the telephone rang.3Shes due to arrive on Thursday._(在此期间),what should we do?Surprised and happywas about to leave/was on the point of leaving whenMeanwhile/Meantime/In themeantime/In the meanwhile4_(如果你事先通知我),I will meet you at the airport.5I couldnt have gone through that bitter period _(没有你的慷慨帮助)6The lifeboat was sent out to _(从 营救水手)the sinking ship.If you inform me in advancewithout yourgenerous helprescue the sailors from “课时跟踪检测”见“Unit 20 课时跟踪检测（八）”(单击进入电子文档)谢谢 观 看
