1、Topic 8家人、朋友与周围的人家庭背景 (Family Background)ancestor, generation, household, inherit婚姻 (Marriage)marry, marriage registration, separate, break up, wedding, couple, single, anniversary, bride/bridegroom, divorce, widow, _ IngeIdd7, loyal子女 (Children)_ dpt5, give birth to, deliver，bring up, depend/rely o
2、n, generation gap, spoil亲属 (Relatives)_ reltIv29, cousin, twin, _ dIst()nt14, nephew, niece，bond, fatherinlaw, sisterinlaw, stepmother, offspring周围的环境和人 (Surroundings and People)adult, adolescent, youth, youngster，teenager fellow, host, guest, neighbour，neighbourhood, acquaintance, exboyfriend，maid,
3、 greengrocer, barbershop, community, guy相处 (Relationship)company, _ kmpnI9, close, familiar, share, treat, have . in common, keep in touch with, make up, friendship, personal, private, _ mIsndstnd2，quarrel, respect, envelope, make friends, get along/on with, go ones separate ways, go wrong, relate t
4、o, harmony, split, gettogether, be on good terms (with sb.), faster, stranger, acquainted丧葬 (Funeral)bury, pass away, mourn, funeralengaged; adopt; relative; distant; accompany; misunderstandseparate(2019江苏高考)How can we bridge the everwidening gap that separates us from other animals? (2018全国卷)Last
5、winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens. (1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义The school is housed in two separate buildings._It is impossible to separate belief from emotion._答案：单独的；独立的；分开的(使)分开，分离(2)单句语法填空The fence separates the garden _ the sidewalk.As we joined the
6、big crowd I got _ (separate) from my friends.He believes in the _ (separate) of the races.答案：fromseparatedseparation(3)单句写作In no way can theory _ (脱离实践)答案：be separated from practice(1)v. (使)分开，分离；分割；划分 to divide into different parts or groups; to divide things into different parts or groups (2)adj.
7、单独的；独立的；分开的 forming a unit by itself; not joined to sth. elseseparate from 与分离be separated from . 与分离separation n. 分离；分开；分割；隔离deliver(2019天津3月高考)Whenever Mom and I delivered the “buddies” to the agencies, the kids would be waiting there with their eyes down, too shy to look but shaking with exciteme
8、nt.(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay and watch.Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义We promise to deliver within 48 hours._She is designed to deliver a lecture o
9、n genetic engineering._The baby was delivered by a local doctor._答案：递送；传送发表接生(2)单句语法填空Every day the milkman delivers milk _ our house.Her baby _ (deliver) by her own doctor.You should compensate us for the loss caused by the late _ (deliver)答案：towas delivereddelivery(3)单句写作More than one person was a
10、sked to _ (在会上发言)We can _ (送货上门)答案：deliver a speech at the meetingdeliver the goods to your home(1)vt. 递送；传送；交付；运载 to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent to; to take sb. somewhere(2)vt. 发表；宣布；发布 to give a speech, talk, etc. or other official statement(3)vt. 助产；接生 to
11、 help a woman to give birth to a babydeliver sth. to . 把某物投递/传送/运送到delivery n. 交付；递送；分娩depend(2019北京高考)He depended on his writing for his income.You can depend on his coming in on Sunday.(1)根据首字母或汉语提示填空He was the sort of person you could d_ on.Our relationship was based on mutual d_.The festival is
12、heavily _ (依靠的) on sponsorship for its success.The police force should be _ (独立的) of direct government control.答案：dependdependencedependentindependent(2)单句语法填空Many young people dont want to depend _ their parents.He is so selfish that you cant depend on him _ (help) you.We can depend on _ that he wi
13、ll arrive here on time.Tom is so _ (dependent) that he never asks his parents opinion unless he wants their support.答案：onto helpitindependent(3)单句写作You may depend on it _ (他将加入我们的俱乐部)All living things _ (依靠太阳) for their growth.Can you finish the work before Sunday?_ (视情况而定)答案：that he will join our c
14、lubdepend on the sunThat depends/It (all) depends(1)vt. 依靠；信赖 to rely on sb./sth. and be able to trust them(2)vt. 确信；相信；指望 to be sure or expect that sth. will happendepend on sb./sth. 依赖某人/物，相信某人/物可靠depend on sb. to_do sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事depend on sb./sth. for sth. 指望/依靠某人/物得到某物depend on it that . 相信；指望
15、That depends./It (all) depends. 视情况而定。dependence n. 依靠，依赖，依存dependent adj. 依靠的；依赖的independence n. 独立independent adj. 独立的relative(2019江苏高考)Many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative longterm costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.(2018全国卷)W
16、hether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.(2015全国卷)I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义However, this si
17、tuation is relative but not absolute. _We have some distant relatives in Australia._These are the facts relative to the case. _答案：相对的亲戚有关的(2)单句语法填空Light industry is closely related _ agriculture.It is considerate of you to call on your _ (relative) from time to time.Womens social position is still l
18、ow in relation _ mens.I need to talk to you on a matter of _ (relative) great personal importance.答案：torelativestorelatively(3)单句写作_ (这两个计划的相对优势) have to be considered.I would like to give my opinion _ (关于这个问题)答案：The relative advantages of the two plansrelated to/in relation to this problem(1)adj. 比
19、较的，相对的 having particular quality when compared with sth. else(2)adj. 有关的 connected with a particular subject(3)n. 家人；亲属，亲戚 a member of your familyrelatively adv. 相对地relate vt. 使有联系；把联系起来relate sth. to sth./sb. 把与联系起来related adj. 有关系的；相关的be related to和有关relation n. (人、团体、国家之间的)关系，联系，交往；(事物之间的)关系，关联in
20、 relation to 关于；相对于某事物而言have (no) relation to 与有(无)关relationship n. 血缘/情爱关系；(人、团体、国家之间的)关系，联系，交往；(事物之间的)关系，关联accompany(2017全国卷)And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of allLUNCH!Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.The singer was accompanied
21、 on the piano by her sister.(1)根据首字母或汉语提示填空His wife a_ him on the trip.The children are very good _ (陪伴) at this age.Those two books were my _ (伙伴) by day, and under my pillow at night.答案：accompaniedcompanycompanions(2)单句语法填空As is often the case, the little boy has gone to school with his dog _ (acc
22、ompany) him.The eruption of volcano _ (accompany) by an earthquake caused great damage.Liu Qian asked Lang Lang to accompany him _ the piano.答案：accompanyingaccompaniedat/on(3)用accompany 的适当形式填空Last night, my _ kept me _ to see a film and then they _ me to my home.答案：companions; company; accompanied(
23、1)vt. 伴随；与同时发生 to happen or appear with sth. else(2)vt. 陪同；陪伴 to travel or go somewhere with sb.(3)vt. (尤指用钢琴)为伴奏 to play a musical instrument, especially a piano, while sb. else sings or plays the main tuneshare(2019江苏高考)Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining charac
24、teristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.We shared the pizza between the four of us.Next year we hope to have a bigger share of the market.(1)根据首字母或汉语提示填空Besides, you also frankly s_ your learning experience with me. He was my secret _ (分享者), but one morning, he wa
25、s gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.They actively seek to be part of a “we”， a group that intends to work toward a s_ goal.答案：sharesharershared(2)单句语法填空Ill share my apple _ you if you give me half of your cake.Mother is sharing the cakes _ the boys.Each leve
26、l has a _ (share) area with a TV, a study desk and easy chairs.答案：withbetween/amongshared(3)单句写作I believe this is a wonderful opportunity for you to _ (和我们共同分享你自己的经历)Robert is the only person _ (认同我的观点)答案：share your own experience with uswho shares my opinion(1)v. 有同样的感情(或想法、经历等) to have the same fe
27、elings, ideas, experiences, etc. as sb. else (2)vt. 分配；分摊 to divide sth. between two or more people(3)n. (在若干人之间分得的)一份 one part of sth. that is divided between two or more peopleshare . with . 与分享share sth. between/among sb. (在若干人之间)分配sharer n. 分配者，分享者shared adj. 共享的；共同的.七选五(2018浙江高考)Moving into a n
28、ew home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _1_Perhaps one of the most important th
29、ings you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property (房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _2_ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a
30、 walk，take along a small garbage bag. _3_ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area._4_ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there
31、to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor._5_ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyo
32、ne appreciates.AIn general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.BA good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.CBeing a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.DSometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.EShould you come acr
33、oss waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.FPeople tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.GHere are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成为人人喜欢的好邻居的几条建议。俗语说“远亲不如近邻(a good neighbor is better than a
34、brother far off)”。邻里之间要相互关照，有事互相帮忙。同学和朋友之间也应互帮互助，共同成长。1G根据下文叙述的几条建议可知，空格处承上启下；上文提到，被邻居接受的最容易的方法就是你要使自己表现出是一个好邻居。G项“以下是几条帮助你快速赢取社区所有人的心的建议”符合语境。故选G。2F根据空格前一句中的“keep your property (房产) neat, clean, and in good repair”可知，F项中的“take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting”与之呼应。此处表示
35、作为好邻居会保持自己的房屋整洁、干净，且完好无损，人们往往以使他们的街道上的一切都保持新鲜和吸引人而自豪。故选F。3E根据下一句中的“This small act”可知，捡起从经过的汽车里扔出来的废纸就是一个小小的举动，但却可以显示出你对社区的关心和在意，E项符合语境。故选E。4B空格后的“offer to collect mail and newspapers”和“offer to do the grocery shopping”列举了两件助人的小事，B项“好邻居会在许多细小的方面主动提供帮助”符合语境。故选B。5C空格处是本段的主旨句。根据空格后的“respecting others, t
36、aking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general”可知，C项“做一个好邻居多多少少和体贴周到的行为有关”概括了本段的主旨。故选C。accomplish vt. 完成conduct oneself 举止；表现；为人acceptable adj. 可接受的；认同的(最后一段第二句)By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you
37、, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.尊重他人，管好自家环境，并以邻里的环境面貌为荣，通常遵循这些基本原则，你很快就会成为一个人人都喜欢的好邻居。.完形填空(2019北京高考改编)Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure lowincome students in hi
38、s neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.A retired engineer, 76yearold Wilson has been _1_ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started _2_ his car to the young people, Wilson has _3_ an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and of
39、ten humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school. The students who hes _4_ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what theyve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students _5_ call him “Grandpa”
40、Tina Stern _6_ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free transportation. “Its not just a ride；youre not just sitting there in _7_ silence or with your headphones on，” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually _8_ the answers, so th
41、e next time you ride with him, hell_9_ those things.”Wilson first worked as a driver through a studentsupport programme of the nonprofit organisation, On Point for College. Although the _10_ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes _11_ to ensure the welfa
42、re and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to assist them. If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase whats needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never _12_ to
43、 buy them a meal.For many students, Wilsons help is not only appreciated, its also entirely _13_ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students dont have a reliable car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson ha
44、s _14_ them to complete their educationbut according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the experience. “I just love driving, and I love these kids，” Wilson said. “Its such a(n) _15_ to be a part of these kids lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.”篇章
45、导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位老人乐于助人的故事。老人虽已退休，但仍坚持发挥余热，志愿搭载、接送大学生，并积极帮助他们解决生活中遇到的难题。1A.linking BsendingCoffering Ddistributing答案：C根据下文中的在过去八年中他自愿开车搭载学生可知，他是给大学生主动提供(offer)免费搭乘的。2A.donating BlendingCdelivering Dvolunteering答案：D根据上文他自愿提供免费搭载服务给大学生可知，这里是回顾他的第一次自愿(volunteer)出车服务。3A.paved BcoveredCmeasured Dwander
46、ed答案：B他开车接送学生已经行驶了(cover)惊人的64,000英里。cover此处意为“走完(一段路程)”。4A.met BdrivenCaddressed Dgreeted答案：B结合上下文语境可知，此处谈论的是他所搭载过的(drive)学生已成长为医师、教师和工程师。5A.even BeverConce Dalready答案：A根据上文中的“a role model and a friend”可知，有些学生把他当作榜样或朋友，有些学生甚至(even)喊他“爷爷”。6A.earned BreceivedCassessed Ddemanded答案：B老人帮助学生们，而Tina 是接受(r
47、eceive)过帮助的学生之一。7A.forced BawkwardCridiculous Dsuspicious答案：B这不仅仅是一次搭乘，你不只是在尴尬的(awkward)沉默中坐在那里或戴上耳机。8A.selects BrecitesCguesses Dremembers答案：D下次他会核实这些答案，说明他当时是记住(remember)了答案。9A.act on Bsettle onCcheck on Dagree on答案：C他会记住他问的这些问题的答案，然后下次乘车时他会核实(check on)答案。10A.club BleagueCcollege Dprogramme答案：D由上文
48、中的“a studentsupport programme”可知，此处填programme。句意：这个项目(programme)要求成员只是提供搭载服务。11A.far BaroundCbeyond Dforwards答案：Cgo beyond “超越”，根据上下文可知他所做的远远超出(go beyond)项目所要求的。12A.expects BattemptsCmanages Dhesitates答案：D根据上文语境可知，如果有学生饿了，他会毫不犹豫地(never hesitate)给他们买饭。13A.extra BunusualCnecessary Dadequate答案：C根据下文可知这
49、些帮助对于学生来说是很必要的(necessary)。14A.required BallowedCreminded Dconvinced答案：B对于学生们而言，搭乘老人的车让他们能完成学业，allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”。15A.effort BambitionCprivilege Dconvenience答案：C他觉得融入孩子们是一种荣幸(privilege)。和上文中的“he benefits just as much from the experience”相呼应。.语法填空(2019全国卷)A 90yearold has been awarded “Woma
50、n Of The Year” for _1_ (be) Britains oldest fulltime employeestill working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _2_ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have _3_ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(
51、提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _4_ (declare) she had no plans _5_ (retire) from her 36yearold business. Irene said, “I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _6_ (make) ove
52、r the years. I work not because I have to, _7_ because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31who works alongside her in the family businesssaid it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call _8_ (say) she wa
53、s shortlisted, we thought it was _9_ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its _10_ (wonder)”1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位90岁的英国女性仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。1being考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。2which考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句
54、，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。3finally考查词性转换。副词修饰动词acknowledge。4declared考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应使用一般过去时。5to retire考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语作plans的后置定语，表示“她没有退休的计划”。 6have made考查动词的时态。根据空格后的时间状语“over the years”可知，句子要用现在完成时。7but考查连词。not . but . “不是而是”。8saying考查非谓语动词。say与
55、前面的a call之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填saying，用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a call。9a考查冠词。joke “笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后的joke为单数，且joke的发音以辅音音素开头，故其前用a。10wonderful考查词性转换。系动词is后面跟形容词作表语。【重点语法】.写作新题型概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Since 1985, Johnny Jennings, 86, has been selling newspapers and magazines to a recycling center with his son to
56、boost his savings account. By the time Jennings only child was 17, he stopped joining his father, but the money they made covered the down payment for his first home years later.Even though his son is all grown up now, Jennings hasnt slowed down his efforts. In fact, hes turned his recycling money i
57、nto something bigger.The Ringgold, Georgia native visits local churches and businesses to collect paper, which he brings to a recycling center for money. But instead of putting those earnings in his own bank account, he sends every dollar to Georgia Baptist Childrens Homes & Family Ministries. Once
58、a year, hell give the organization a check somewhere between $10,000 and $35,000. By 2016, that tallied up to a whopping $400,000.Jennings dedicated himself to helping Georgia Baptist Childrens Homes & Family Ministries after his first visit there when he was 18. “When we went to leave, these three
59、little boys grabbed me by the knees and said, Will you be my daddy？” Jennings said. “And I said Ill do what I can. That took my heart, right there.” These days, Jennings recycling has turned into a community effort. After hes made his own rounds recycling paper from businesses and churches, hell fin
60、d more items waiting for him at home. Community members drop off other recyclables at his house so he can sell them, along with books, food, clothes, and other items to give away.Recycling centers typically pay just onehalf to three cents per pound of paper, but Jennings visits have added up big tim
61、e. In 2016 alone, he sold more than 400,000 pounds of paper and 51,000 aluminum cans, and collected more than 32,000 pennies. Over the course of 32 years hes recycled more than 9.8 million pounds of paper, saving an estimated 79,000 trees in the process. “He is the last of a dying breed，” wrote Jenn
62、ings friend Shay. “Our generation and the ones to follow could learn a lot from Mr Jennings.”Jennings says hell continue raising money for charity as long as his health allows. “If you got it to give, give it away，” he said._写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。30多年以来，Johnny Jennings收集废品，并且把赚的钱都捐了出去，总额达到40多万美元。精彩范文The sto
63、ry gives an account of an 86yearold man who donated about $400,000 in total he earned by recycling to charity. (要点1) As a teenager, Jennings first visited a childrens home where he was touched by the homeless children and decided to devote his life to making a difference. (要点2) Since then, he has co
64、llected paper, cans or other cycling materials and sold them to donate money, which lasted for 32 years. (要点3) His deed influenced the whole community, where others brought their things to Jennings. (要点4)注意事项(1)找到关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。(2)各要点的表达要相对独立。 (3)各要点之间要有适当的衔接，而且要使用较短的连接词。(4)句型力求简单，每句话要表意明确，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。 (5)尽量使用短句，慎用长难句；多使用概括性词语，少用具体的描述性词语。
