1、Section Grammar 复习非谓语动词语法图解探究发现It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.Its no use trying to persuade him to change his mind.Her wish is to go to Tokyo to watch the 2020 Olympic Games.Our work is serving the people.People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.But they looked forwa
2、rd,too,by opening new frontiers in the arts.The building being built is a new shopping mall.The bird was lucky and escaped being caught.Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 15031506,the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.All things considered,she is the best student in my class.我的发现(1)句中的黑体部
3、分在句中作，句中的作，句中的作。(2)由句可知，动词不定式和动词-ing 形式作主语，可以用_作形式主语。(3)句中，黑体部分都为动词-ing 形式的被动式，在句中分别为和。(4)句中，黑体部分为过去分词在句中作；句中，分词作状语时有自己独立的主语，这叫结构。主语表语it定语宾语状语独立主格宾语一、非谓语动词的基本形式时态形式主动式被动式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done不定式进行式to be doing一般式doingbeing done动词-ing 形式完成式having donehaving been done动词-ed
4、形式一般式done即时演练 1 单句语法填空(increase)levels of community service,some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Do you mind (interrupt)while studying?(warn)of the danger,he still went skating on the thin ice.(not see)her for a long time,I missed her very much.His first book (publish)next month
5、is based on a true story.The sun began to rise in the sky,(bathe)the mountainin golden light.To increasebeing interruptedWarnedNot having seento be publishedbathing二、非谓语动词的句法功能1不定式和动词-ing 形式作主语、宾语以及表语时的区别(1)不定式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示具体的、特指一次性或将要发生的动作。(2)动词-ing 形式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示抽象的、泛指经常的动作或一般情况。Swimming is a
6、 very good sport in summer.在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。(动词-ing 形式 swimming 在句中作主语，表示泛指一般情况)They managed to escape from the burning building.他们设法逃离了那座着火的大楼。(不定式短语 to escape from the burning building 在句中作宾语，表示一次性的动作)巧学助记(1)通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)：提出要求拒绝难：offer,ask/demand,refuse同意答应会帮忙：agree,promise,help设法做成决心坚：manage,de
7、cide/determine/choose计划安排有希望：plan,arrange,desire,would like/love,expect/hope/wish/want/long不能做到不假装：fail,pretend(2)通常只能接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：允许考虑四建议：allow/permit,consider,suggest/advise/propose/recommend忙于坚持多练习：be busy,insist on,practise承认喜欢多盼望：admit,enjoy,look forward to否认拖延可原谅：deny,delay/postpone/put off,
8、excuse避免错过莫放弃：avoid,miss,give up完成冒险没逃避：finish,risk,escape想象之后才感激：imagine,appreciate名师点津(1)有些动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时，意义完全不同：forgetto do sth.忘记去做某事doing sth.忘记已经做过某事rememberto do sth.记住去做某事doing sth.记得曾经做过某事regretto do sth.遗憾去做某事doing sth.后悔做过某事stopto do sth.停下手头正在做的事而去做另一件事doing sth.停止正在做的事tryto do sth.努力去做
9、某事doing sth.尝试着做某事meanto do sth.意欲/想/打算做某事doing sth.意味着做某事go onto do sth.做完某事接着做另一件事doing sth.继续做同一件事cant helpto do sth.不能帮助做某事doing sth.情不自禁地做某事 Ill never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time.我永远忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞的情景。(forget doing sth.表示“忘记已做过某事”，动名词表示已经完成的动作)Dont forget to car
10、ry your camera with you.别忘了带上你的照相机。(forget to do sth.表示“忘记去做某事”，不定式表示将要去做的事情)They meant to help her carry the box,but she declined.他们想帮她搬那个箱子，但她婉言谢绝了。(mean to do sth.表示“意欲/打算做某事”)Perseverance does not mean doing the same thing forever.坚持不懈并不意味着永远做同一件事情。(mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”)(2)动词 want,need,requ
11、ire 作“需要”讲时，其后通常接动词-ing 形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，这时动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动含义。This kind of plant needs watering/to be watered twice a week.这种植物需要一星期浇两次水。(句中 need 为实义动词)2现在分词与过去分词作表语和定语时的区别(1)现在分词(如 interesting,exciting,moving,puzzling,surprising)作表语通常用于表示事物的性质特征；过去分词(如 interested,excited,moved,puzzled,surprised)作
12、表语，通常用于表示人或人的心理状态。She was puzzled at what to do with it.她不知道怎么处理这件事。The situation was more puzzling than ever.局势比之前更加捉摸不定。(2)这类过去分词和现在分词还可以作定语修饰名词。一般而言，现在分词修饰表示事物的名词；而过去分词修饰人或表示人的心理状态的名词。Hearing the exciting news,he burst into tears.听到这令人激动的消息，他突然大哭起来。Seeing his excited look,I know he has won the ma
13、tch.看到他兴奋的表情，我知道他赢得了比赛。3非谓语动词作定语时的用法区别不定式通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系动词-ing 形式现在分词作定语通常有主动进行含义或表示一种状态；动名词作定语通常表示用途动词-ed 形式动词-ed 形式作定语通常有被动(或)完成含义The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my close friend.墙上挂的这幅图画是我的一位密友画的。(现在分词短语hanging on the wall 作定语，表示一种状态)The first textbooks
14、written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.第一批把英语作为外语教学而编写的教科书是在16世纪出版的。(过 去 分 词 短 语 written for teaching English as a foreign language 作定语表示被动完成含义)Have you got anything to say at the meeting?你在会上有什么要说的吗？(不定式 to say 作定语，与所修饰的词 anything 之间在逻辑上存在动宾关系)4非谓语动词作宾语补足语时的
15、用法区别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage.不定式have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make.主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成现在分词主谓关系。强调动作正在进行过去分词notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel.动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态Johns mother doesnt allow him to tease the cat.约翰的母亲不允许他戏弄这只猫。(不定式短语 to tease the cat 在句
16、中作宾语补足语)I saw them enter a coffee bar.我看见他们进了一家咖啡馆。(省略 to 的不定式短语 enter a coffee bar 在句中作宾语补足语)I caught George smoking in the toilet.我撞见乔治在厕所抽烟。(现在分词短语 smoking in the toilet 在句中作宾语补足语)David had his car maintained yesterday.昨天戴维让人把车做了保养。(过去分词 maintained 在句中作宾语补足语)名师点津 如果 have,make,see,hear,notice 等词的复
17、合宾语结构中的宾语补足语为省略 to 的不定式，变被动语态时省略的 to 需要还原。He was seen to date Mary yesterday.昨天他被看见和玛丽约会了。(不定式 to date Mary 在句中作主语补足语)5非谓语动词作状语时的用法区别(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、结果等状语。To improve their service,the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.为了提高他们的服务水平，这个旅店的员工们正努力地学习英语。(不定式 to improve their service 在句中作
18、目的状语)She was so angry as to be unable to speak.她气得连话都说不出来。(不定式短语 as to be unable to speak在句中作结果状语，通常位于句末)Jack hurried to the booking office,only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.杰克匆忙赶到售票处，结果被告知所有的票都被卖完了。(不定式 only to be told 在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果)I am glad to hear the news.听到这个消息我很高兴。(不
19、定式短语 to hear the news 在句中作原因状语，通常位于句末)(2)动词-ing 形式(现在分词)和动词-ed 形式(过去分词)在句中通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步等状语。主语与动词-ing 形式(现在分词)之间在逻辑上存在主谓关系，主语与动词-ed 形式(过去分词)之间在逻辑上存在动宾关系。Getting up late,he missed his early train.由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。(现在分词短语 getting up late 在句中作原因状语)Caught in a heavy rain,he was wet to the skin.由于遇
20、上了大雨，他浑身都湿透了。(过去分词短语 caught in a heavy rain 在句中作原因状语)Tom lay on the grass,staring into the sky.汤姆躺在草地上，凝望着天空。(现在分词短语 staring into the sky 在句中作伴随状语)Surrounded by a group of pupils,the old teacher walked into the classroom.在一群学生的簇拥下，那位老教师走进了教室。(过去分词短语surrounded by a group of pupils 在句中作方式状语)Given anot
21、her chance,he will do it better.如果再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。(过去分词短语 given another chance 在句中作条件状语)The fire lasted a week,leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了一周，没有留下什么有价值的东西。(现在分词短语leaving nothing valuable 在句中作结果状语)Although living miles away,he attended the course.虽然住在几英里之外，他仍去上课。(现在分词短语 living miles away 在句中作让步状语)即时
22、演练 2(1)单句语法填空I dont allow (smoke)in my drawing room.With two children (attend)the middle school now,the man is working hard.(find)her car stolen,she hurried to a policemanfor help.The purpose of new technologies is (make)our life easier,not to make it more difficult.smokingattendingHaving foundto ma
23、keShe will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has arole (play)in making the earth a better place to live in.Helena was excited,just as I had imagined,(find)her lost pet.The quarrel (lead)to the fight started from their disbelief in each other.to playto findleading(show)around the univ
24、ersity,we then were taken to a building,where many scientists worked.(praise)too much for his intelligence,Harry often overlooks the importance of effort.My brother sent me an email with one of his photos on Mount Tai (attach)to it.Having been shownPraisedattached(2)单句改错Besides,have enough sleep can
25、 make us full of energy and make it possible for us to perform well in the exam._Every high school student wants to get into famous universities and they spend most of their time review lessons._All of us are looking forward to live in a harmonious society._Now let me to tell you what I am intereste
26、d in.havehavingreviewreviewingliveliving去掉 toWhen asking about famous writers in China,I will list many names._First,congratulations.Im glad you got accept._As far as Im concerning,I should set a good example to reduce waste.Learning this news,I am really willing to travel with you and introducing X
27、ian to you.And I often hear birds sung.There are ancient descriptions of crossbows hiding at the tombs entrance.askingaskedacceptacceptedconcerningconcernedintroducingintroducesungsinginghidinghidden链接高考单句语法填空1(2019全国卷)Modern methods for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since
28、the mid-1980s,and are expensive (perform)consistently over a large area.to perform解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语beadj.不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义，故填 to perform。2(2019天津高考改编)(learn)to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：学会批判性地思考，这是现在的孩子为了未来(的发展)所需要具备的一项重要技能。本空在从
29、句中作主语，应该用动名词形式。Learning3(2019江苏高考改编)(enjoy)the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smartphones.To enjoy解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了享受电子支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。使用智能手机的目的是享受电子支付的便利，故用不定式短语作目的状语。4(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered,he allowed me (stay)and watch.解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to
30、 do sth.“允许某人做某事”为固定搭配。to stay5(2017全国卷)They are required (process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.解析：考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“要求某人做某事”，变成被动语态为 be required to do sth.，故填 to process。6(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road,(lay)the tr
31、ack and then building a strong roof over the top.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词 included 后由 and 连接三个动名词短语作宾语，故填 laying。to processlaying7(2017北京高考改编)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time (spend)with his students.spent解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，time 和 sp
32、end 之间是动宾关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，应用过去分词短语作后置定语，故填 spent。8(2017天津高考改编)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,(allow)more patients to be treated.allowing解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这家医院最近得到了一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。动词 allow 与其逻辑主语(前面的整个句子)之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，故填 allowing。9(2017江苏高考改编)Many Chinese brands
33、,_(develop)their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.having developed解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：许多中国品牌已经享誉数百年，正面临着来自现代市场的新的挑战。本句的主语 Many Chinese brands 与 develop 之间为主动关系，又根据句中的时间状语 over centuries 可知，此处应用现在分词的完成时，故填 having developed。10(2016全国卷)Skilled workers also combine v
34、arious hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.to create解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：熟练的工人也把各种各样的硬木和金属结合起来以创造出特别的样式。根据句意和结构可知，空格处为非谓语动词作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填 to create。演练提能.单句语法填空1Its a great pleasure (spend)my holiday in the countryside.2Susan suggested (ask)her brother for help,but fewof us agreed with her.3Jenny
35、heard them (argue)outside,so she became very angry.4The government is going to set up a new organization _(call)the Red Cross to help people who need help.to spendaskingarguingcalled5The monkeys (send)to zoos in Beijing and other cities are very clever and lovely so the visitors like them very much.
36、6The president of the company promised (solve)the tricky problem as soon as possible.7.(live)in Taiwan for nearly twenty years,he finally decided to return to his hometown.8Robert rushed off with great excitement,even(forget)to take his cellphone.9The patient asked (operate)on at once.10I have a lot
37、 of work (do)this afternoon.Please dont disturb me unless you have something important.sentto solveHaving livedforgettingto be operatedto do.完成句子1我的爱好是听音乐和踢足球。My hobbies.2我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。I in English.3因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。_,this article was not so good.4他仍然记得小时候第一次被带去上海。He still Shanghai for the first time
38、when he was young.5我们的教育工作还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。Many questions have to be settled and much _ in our educational work.are listening to music and playing footballheard the song sungWritten in a hurryremembers being taken toremains to bedone.短文改错Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it m
39、ay make a difference.I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning,I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes.Before long my teacher got to know about my situation.He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging,my t
40、eacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them.I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English.Just as the saying goes,“Every bean has its black.”Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes,and success is just waiting for us.答案：第二句：itthem第四句：athe;makemaking第六句：thatwhat第七句：discouragingdiscouraged;mustcould第八句：去掉 in第九句：mademakes第十句：fluentfluently第十二句：afraid 前加 be谢谢 观 看
