1、Unit 4 Everyday economicsStarting out & Understanding ideas. 单句语法填空1. The men lay sick on the deck, rubbing fevered chests and foreheads(forehead). 2. She took out the plate, stared blankly(blank)at the dried-up food on it, and tipped it into the bin. 3. Kids on the edge of the merry-go-round (旋转木马)
2、are experiencing greater force, and therefore are getting dizzier(dizzy) than those at the center. 4. But we found 48 women running big companies as chief executives or chairwomen (chairwoman)throughout the world, up from 35 last year. 5. The company has identified 60 potential(potent)customers. 6.
3、I dare not believe that I am a talent, but I believe that my fighting spirit and enterprising (enterprise)spirit. 7. An assessment of the welfare system would involve careful study of its inputs (input) and outputs. 8. Steam, water and ice constitute the three phases(phase)of the same matter. 9. Thi
4、s kind of the tree has a very wide distribution(distribute)in this area. 10. I hope that my entrepreneurial (entrepreneur)experience inspires you. . 选词填空contribute to; as to; dream of; most of all; be surrounded by; be willing to 1. We have achieved what our forefathers never even dreamed of. 2. Fre
5、sh air and exercise can contribute to good health. 3. Most of all, she learned to be self-reliant. 4. As to your final grade, that depends on your final examination. 5. If you are willing to sell, well buy. 6. He was surrounded by reporters who had been lying in wait for him. . 课文语法填空The programmeYo
6、ung start-ups had an interview 1. with Zhang Yue, chairwoman of Rose Valley Co. , Ltd. Firstly, she introduced the general situation of the company. It was one of the best rose producers in Asia and a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing 2. to purchase(purchase)her products and help wit
7、h its distribution. Then, she told us the reason why she 3. started(start)a business in her hometown. Not only were conditions ideal in her hometown for growing roses 4. but also she wanted to give something back to her hometown. Most importantly. She wanted to experience the freedom of being her ow
8、n boss. 5. However , on the way to success she met with many obstacles, the biggest of 6. which was to persuade people to work for her. Finally, she gave some advice for young entrepreneurs. On one hand, they should be realistic and seek 7. guidance (guide)from expert consultants before rushing into
9、 things. On 8. the other hand, they need more than a good idea, hard work and determination. 9. What really matters is a sound business plan, access to capital, and good management and negotiating skills. Most of all, dont be too 10. ambitious(ambition). They should know their own limits and those o
10、f the people they work with. 完成句子1. My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去了深圳, 希望在那儿找份工作。(现在分词作状语)2. Born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling. 由于出生于贫寒家庭, 纳迪亚只上过两年学。(过去分词作状语)3. It was on Monday night that all this happened. 所有这一切发生在周一晚上。(It is/was+被强调的部分+that
11、/who+原句其他部分)4. She tore up my photos, which upset me. 她撕碎了我的照片, 这使我很难过。(which引导非限制性定语从句)5. We advise that steps (should) be taken at once. 我们建议立即采取措施。(advise 虚拟语气). 阅读理解A(2021包头高二检测)Having a smart phone may not be as smart as you think. They may let you surf the Internet, listen to music and take ph
12、otos wherever you are. . . but they also turn you into a workaholic(工作狂), it seems. A study suggests that, by giving you access to emails at all times, the smart phone adds as much as two hours to your working day. Experts found that British people work an additional 460 hours a year on average as t
13、hey are able to respond to emails on their mobiles. The study shows the average UK working day is between 9 and 10 hours, but 2 more hours is spent responding to or sending work emails, or making work calls. Almost one in ten admits spending up to three hours outside their normal working day checkin
14、g work emails. Some workers say they are on call almost 24 hours a day. Nearly two-thirds say they often check work emails just before they go to bed and as soon as they wake up, while over a third have replied to one in the middle of the night. The average time for first checking emails is between
15、6 a. m and 7 a. m, with more than a third checking their first email in the period, and a quarter checking them between 11p. m. and midnight. Ghadi Hobeika, marketing director of Pixmania, said: “The ability to access millions of Apps has made smart phone invaluable for many people. However, there a
16、re disadvantages. Many companies expect their employees to be on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and smart phones mean that people cannot get away from work. The more frequently in contact we become, the more is expected of us in a work capacity. ”【文章大意】这篇文章主要介绍了使用智能手机也许并不像你想的那样明智。使用智能手机可以让你
17、随时随地上网、听音乐、拍照片, 但也可能让你变成工作狂。最新调查显示, 智能手机能让你随时查收邮件, 这可能会让你每天的工作时间延长多达两个小时。1. With a smart phone the average UK working day is_. A. 11 to 12 hoursB. 9 to 10 hoursC. 8 hoursD. 2 hours【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段的The study shows the average UK working day is between 9 and 10 hours, but 2 more hours is spent res
18、ponding to or sending work emails, or making work calls. 可知英国的平均工作日工作时间为9至10个小时, 但使用智能手机会延长到11至12小时, 故选A。2. We can learn from the text that the British people_. A. prefer to check emails in the morningB. are crazy about different smart phoneC. work more hours with smart phonesD. shorten their normal
19、 working hours【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段的A study suggests that, by giving you access to emails at all times, the smart phone adds as much as two hours to your working day. 可知, 有了智能手机, 英国人工作时间更长, 故选C。3. What does the underlined word “invaluable” mean? A. Useless. B. Necessary. C. Expensive. D. Cheap. 【解析】选
20、B。词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段画线词后两句可知, 此处表转折, 表示“智能手机”也有缺点, 许多公司希望他们的员工能够每天24小时随时等待电话通知, 智能手机使得人们无法从工作中抽身。从而可以猜测出画线词之前的内容在讲智能手机的优点。故此处invaluable表达“极为重要的”之意, 故选B。4. What does Ghadi Hobeika feel about smart phones? A. They are unimportant for most of people. B. They have disadvantages for some companies. C. They a
21、re useful to improve a work ability. D. They make it impossible for people to rest. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段However, there are disadvantages. Many companies expect their employees to be on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and smart phones mean that people cannot get away from work. The more freq
22、uently in contact we become, the more is expected of us in a work capacity. 可知, Ghadi Hobeika认为智能手机让人们很难得到休息, 故选D。B(2021十堰高二检测)Economists have studied how markets work for a long time. Generally, they work well. But markets do not always perform as expected. Jean Tirole of France won the Nobel Prize
23、 in Economics for studying why markets are imperfect, or inefficient, and what governments can do to regulate them. The Nobel prize committee announced the $1. 1 million prize in Stockholm to Jean Tirole. It called Mr Tirole“one of the most influential economists of our time”. The organization said
24、he had done important research in a number of areas. But it said, “most of all he has clarified how to understand and regulate industries with only a few powerful firms. ”Mr Tirole works at the Toulouse School of Economics in Toulouse, France. He is 61 years old. For about 30 years, Mr Tirole has re
25、searched periods when markets failed, that is, when they did not provide good results in price and competition. He looked at how a small number of large companies, or even a single company, can strongly influence industries. Banking and telecommunications were among the industries he studied. The No
26、bel committee said that unregulated markets often produce socially undesirable results. They can result in higher prices or companies that use their market position to block others. The committee said it chose Mr Tirole because he thought about how best to regulate markets. For example, Tore Ellings
27、en, Chairman of the committee that awards the economics prize, says Mr Tirole showed the need to develop better rules for the banking industry. This became urgent after the world financial crisis of 20082009. The economics prize is called the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Al
28、flred Nobel. Alfred Nobel did not establish the prize. It was first presented in 1969. 【文章大意】本文讲了法国的Jean Tirole 赢得诺贝尔经济学奖的事。Jean Tirole获得诺贝尔经济学奖是因为他研究了市场不完美、无效的原因以及政府如何做来调整市场。5. The passage tells us that Jean Tirole_. A. has studied the economics in SwedenB. is the first to win the Nobel Prize in Ec
29、onomicsC. is highly praised by Chairman of the committeeD. has made regulations for large companies【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据Tore Ellingsen, Chairman of the committee that awards the economics prize, says Mr Tirole showed the need to develop better rules for the banking industry. 可知, 诺贝尔委员会主席亲自颁发这一奖项给Jean Tir
30、ole, Tirole表明需要为银行业制定更好的规则。委员会主席非常赞赏他。故选C。6. What can we learn from the passage? A. Jean Tiroles research made the markets imperfect or inefficient. B. Banking and telecommunications are strongly influential industries. C. The world financial crisis of 20082009 regulated the markets. D. Alfred Nobel
31、 was unwilling to establish economics prize. 【解析】选B。 推理判断题。根据Banking and telecommunications were among the industries he studied. 可知, 银行和电信是他研究的行业, 说明银行和电信是影响较大的行业。20082009世界经济危机后银行业需要规范的情况最紧急; Alfred Nobel did not establish the prize. 没有说不愿意。故选B。7. The underlined word“undesirable”in Paragraph 4 can
32、 best be replaced by_. A. harmfulB. unbelievableC. beneficialD. convincing【解析】选A。 词义推测题。harmful有害的; unbelievable不可信的; beneficial有益的; convincing有信服力的。undesirable所在的句子的意思是: 诺贝尔委员会说不受管制的市场往往产生不良的社会结果。下一句的意思是: 它们可能会导致更高的价格或有的公司利用其市场地位来限制其他公司。故选A。8. What is the article mainly about? A. The life of Jean T
33、irole. B. The research of Jean Tirole. C. The history of Nobel Prize in Economics. D. Jean Tirole Wins Nobel Economics Prize. 【解析】选D。 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了Jean Tirole 赢得诺贝尔经济学奖的事。故选D。. 阅读填句How to Start a BusinessUnemployment rate is so high in present society that many young people are thinking about startin
34、g their own business. However, setting up on your own will by no means be easy. 1Make a business plan. If you decide to start a business, the first thing you must do is to draw up a realistic business planthis is a working document that describes the business, its objectives, its financial forecasts
35、 and so on. 23Once you have a detailed business plan and enough evidence to believe that your idea is viable(可行的), it is time to go and see the bank manager. It is important to shop around to find which bank offers the best deal and who you feel most comfortable with. Make sure what youre getting is
36、 right for you and your business. Develop a survival strategy. 4One of the biggest stumbling blocks to people starting a business can be understanding all the legislation. That can be tax, employment, trade, health and safety or environment. It can be confusing if you have never run your own busines
37、s. Get yourself noticed. In order to make your business a success, you must ensure that consumers know it exists. 5 For example, if you are running a local plumbing company, then delivering leaflets in your area would be the best option. A. So it is really important to make a business plan. B. The t
38、ips below may help you to start a business. C. A bank would not consider lending money unless you show a detailed business plan. D. Be sure to attract much attention. E. Choosing how to advertise depends on the type of the business. F. Get access to finance. G. Make sure you are running your busines
39、s correctly by the law. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要给自主创业的人提出了一些建议。1. 【解析】选B。本空总括文章第一段的内容并用来引起下文中的建议。故选B项。2. 【解析】选C。根据小标题“做一个创业计划”可知下文肯定要说创业计划的重要性, C项“如果没有详细的创业计划, 银行是不会考虑给你贷款的”符合题意。故选C项。3. 【解析】选F。根据下文的内容“找银行贷款”可知是要 “获得资金支援”。 故选F项。4. 【解析】选G。根据下文“can be understanding all the legislation”可知G项“确保你是依法经营”符合题意。故选G项
40、。5. 【解析】选E。根据小标题可知, 这个段落是讲如何把自己宣传出去, 让消费者知道你的公司的存在。空后举了一个具体事例进行说明, 故选E项。完形填空(2021福州高二检测)President Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business, ” still points to an important truth todaythat business institutions have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organizat
41、ion, including the government. Why do business institutions 1 this great prestige? One reason is that Americans 2 business as being more firmly based on the ideal of 3 than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major 4 of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competiti
42、ve business institutions are 5 . Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American 6 such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. Competition 7 the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly(垄断)of power. In
43、 contrast to one all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for 8 . Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers doll
44、ars, they cannot afford to 9 them like inferiors or slaves. A 10 is often made between business, which is competitive, and 11 , which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elect
45、ed by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important than democracy in preserving 12 . Competition in business is also believed to 13 the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race wh
46、ere success goes to the swiftest person 14 his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American 15 to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的)idea
47、 of inherited privilege. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国人认为以竞争为基础的商业机构比其他机构更加坚定, 美国人可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值。竞争不仅保护顾客的利益, 也会保护商业机构。竞争的工商业与垄断的政府经常形成鲜明对照。在这样的社会体制下, 美国人不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位。1. A. qualifyB. restrictC. impressD. possess【解析】选D。句意: 为什么商业机构拥有如此高的威望? qualify取得资格; restrict限制; impress给人印象; possess拥有, 占有。结合上文可知商业机构拥有很
48、高的威望。故选D。2. A. referB. viewC. reflectD. confirm【解析】选B。refer参考; view看待, 观察; reflect反映; confirm确认。结合下文business as being more firmly based on the ideal of可知, 美国人认为商业比其他产业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。短语view as意为“认为是”。故选B。3. A. competitionB. cooperationC. admirationD. determination【解析】选A。 competition竞争; cooperation合作;
49、 admiration钦佩; determination决心。结合下文competition is seen as the major. . . 可知, 此处指商业比其他产业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。故选A。4. A. resultB. componentC. sourceD. resource【解析】选C。result结果; component组成部分; source来源; resource资源。结合下文of progress and prosperity by most Americans可知, 竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要源泉。故选C。5. A. estimatedB. r
50、espectedC. admittedD. rejected【解析】选B。 estimated估计; respected尊重; admitted承认; rejected拒绝。结合上文内容可知, 商业机构拥有很高的威望, 那么有竞争力的商业机构就会受到尊重。故选B。6. A. mannersB. culturesC. valuesD. customs【解析】选C。manners礼貌; cultures文化; values价值观念; customs习俗。结合后文such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work列举的
51、都是美国的价值观。故选C。7. A. protectsB. buildsC. illustratesD. presents【解析】选A。protects保护; builds创建; illustrates说明; presents呈现。根据上文such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected可知, 竞争可以保护个人自由。故选A。8. A. profitsB. savingsC. costsD. funds【解析】选A。profits利润, 收益; savings储蓄, 存款; costs
52、花费; funds资金。结合下文compete for the customers dollars可知, 企业是为了利润而相互竞争的。故选A。9. A. attendB. treatC. serveD. charge【解析】选B。句意: 在许多企业为了顾客的钱而竞争的地方, 他们不能像对待下级或奴隶那样对待顾客。 attend参加; treat对待; serve服务; charge收费。根据上文it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly可知, 此处指对待顾客的方式。故选B。10. A. co
53、mmentB. complaintC. choiceD. contrast【解析】选D。comment评论; complaint抱怨; choice选择; contrast对比。结合上下文可知, 商业之间的竞争性与政府的垄断性形成一种对比。故选D。11. A. departmentB. governmentC. businessD. economy【解析】选B。department部门; government政府; business生意; economy经济。竞争性的商业代表着经济, 而政府往往必须是垄断性的, 由政府掌控。二者形成对比。下文中it is more supportive of
54、freedom than government也体现了此处指的是垄断性的政府。故选B。12. A. securityB. pricesC. freedomD. discipline【解析】选C。security安全; prices价格; freedom自由; discipline纪律。根据上文“由于商业竞争激烈, 许多美国人认为商业比政府更能支持自由, 尽管政府领导人是由人民选举出来的, 而企业领导人则不是。”可知, 此处是在讨论个人自由的问题, 故选C。13. A. strengthenB. defineC. cherishD. supervise【解析】选A。strengthen加强; d
55、efine定义; cherish珍惜; supervise监督。结合下文Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person可知, 竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛, 胜利属于跑得最快的人, 那么竞争也被认为加强了机会均等的理想。故选A。14. A. as a result ofB. by means ofC. in terms ofD. regardless of【解析】选D。as a result of由于; by means of依靠; in terms of按照; re
56、gardless of无论, 不顾。根据上文Competition is seen as an open and fair race可知, 竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛, 那么无论(regardless of)这个人的社会阶层背景如何, 成功总是属于跑得最快的人。故选D。15. A. contributionB. solutionC. alternativeD. appeal【解析】选C。contribution贡献; solution解决方案; alternative选择; appeal呼吁。根据下文可知, 商业被视为机会平等观念的表达, 而不是继承特权的贵族观念。那么本句话应当表示“竞争是基于家庭背景的社会地位之外的另一种选择”。其他选项不符合语境。故选C。
