1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Module 4A Social SurveyMy NeighbourhoodGrammar现在完成时【语法感知】观察上面对话的时态和句型, 并用所给动词的适当形式填写下面的句子, 注意填写部分的时态和句子的时间状语。1. I have worked (work) for it for years. 2. I have had (have) no reply from her so far. 3. Up to now, I have known (know) many f
2、riends who are interested in English. 【语法精讲】现在完成时(Present perfect)表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或后果, 或过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。一、现在完成时的结构形式基本结构: have/ has done1. 肯定句: 主语 + have/ has done + 其他2. 否定句: 主语 + have/ has not done + 其他3. 一般疑问句: Have/ Has + 主语 + done + 其他4. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词或词组 + have/ has + 主语 + done + 其
3、他二、现在完成时的基本用法1. 完成用法“完成用法”表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与recently, before, so far, up to now, till now, in the past/ last+时间段, these days等时间状语连用。*The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去的两年里写了一本新书。*The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止, 布朗一家人已经参观了中国的
4、许多地方。*Have you seen her parents these days?这些天你看见她的父母了吗?【名师点津】(1)现在完成时可以表示最近完成的动作, 也可以表示经历或经验, 常译为“过”。(2)常与just, ever, never等词连用。2. 持续用法现在完成时表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 常和表示一段时间的状语如for, since, these days 等连用。*Tom has lived in Beijing since 1978. 自从1978年以来, 汤姆一直住在北京。(动作起始于1978年, 一直住到现在, 可能还要继续
5、住下去。)*I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经待了5年多了。(动作开始于5年前, 一直延续至今, 有可能还要继续下去。) 【知识延伸】短暂动词与现在完成时表示短暂意义的动词(动作不能持续)如arrive, begin, borrow, buy, come, die, join, leave等, 其现在完成时的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用;如与表示一段时间的状语连用需用相应的表示延续状态的动词替换。I have kept/ had the new car for a month. 我买这辆新车已经一个月了。(因与for
6、 a month连用, 此处动词“买”不能用短暂动词buy, 而应该用keep或have)Mr Smith has been back to China twice since 1999. 史密斯先生自1999年以来已经两次回到中国。(因与since 1999连用, 此处“回来”不能用come back, 而用be back)常见的终止性动词及与其意义对应的状态性动词: 终止性动词状态性动词buykeep/ haveborrowkeepcome/ arrive herebe herego/get outbe outgo/leave/movebe away/offbecome a memberb
7、e a memberjoin an organisationbe in an organisationstartbe onendbe overreturn/ come/ go backbe backfall asleep/go to sleepbe asleep【名师点津】since后跟“过去的时间点”。since引导的时间状语从句要用过去时, 而其主句要用现在完成时。【即学活用】语法填空(1)I have been (be) to New York three times so far. (2)Recently, I just have finished (finish) my scienc
8、e subject which is about Ocean Conservancy. (3)With the rapid growth of population, the city has spread (spread) in all directions in the past five years. (4)She has written (write) more than ten books since 2010. (5)I have been (be) to the station for minutes, but nobody came to meet me. (6) My gra
9、ndmother has seen a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came (come) here. 三、现在完成时的特殊用法1. 在句型“It is/has been+一段时间+since从句”中, 主句用现在完成时, 也可用一般现在时。since时间状语从句用一般过去时。*It is/has been 3 years since I published my first book. 自从我出版第一本书以来已经三年了。2. 在句型“This/It is the first/second. . . time (that). . . ”中time后的
10、(that)从句用现在完成时。*It is the first time that the new president has visited Vietnam. 这是新总统第一次访问越南。3. 在“This/ That/ It is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + that从句”结构中, that从句要用现在完成时。*This is the best film that Ive ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。【即学活用】语法填空(1)It is/ has been (be) a long time since I heard from him last time. (2
11、)It is the second time that he has joined (join) in the discussion about how to deal with the problem. (3) This is the best tea that I have drunk (drink). 四、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果, 或过去开始的动作持续到现在, 强调现在的情况不与表示过去的时间状语连用一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态, 与现在没有关系可以与表示过去的时间状语连用*I have seen the film twice. 我已经
12、看过这部电影两次了。(强调现在我了解这部电影的内容)*I saw the film last week. 我上周看了这部电影。(说明上周看了这部电影, 与现在的情况没有关系)【即学活用】语法填空(1)John has paid (pay) a visit to my parents twice since he moved here. (2)This is his first official visit to that country since he came (come) into power last year. . 语法填空1. (2021天津高考) We have done (do
13、) quite enough work for the morning; now lets take a break. 2. The number of firms selling computers in this region has dropped (drop) since January 2012. 3. I have worked (work) here for only a few days. 4. (2020天津高考) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained (rem
14、ain) around that level since. 5. I have kept the book from the library for more than two months. 6. My friends have worked there since the firm set up. 7. She has learnt(learn)10, 000 English words since she went to college. 8. The unemployment rate in this district has fallen (fall) from 8% to 6% o
15、ver the past three years. 9. I have grown not only physically but also mentally in the past few years. 10. I sent an application to the company but have received no reply from it till now. . 完成句子1. The crazy fans have been waiting patiently for more than two hours, and they will wait till the movie
16、star arrives. 疯狂的影迷们已经耐心地等待了两个多小时, 而且他们将一直等下去, 直到那个电影明星到达。2. It has been 8 years since his family moved to Australia. 他家搬到澳大利亚已经八年了。3. He has lived with his uncle since his father died. 他父亲去世后, 他就一直和他的叔叔住在一起。4. This dinner is the most expensive meal we have ever had. 这是我们吃过的最贵的一顿饭。5. For many years,
17、 people have dreamed of electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. 许多年来, 人们梦想电动轿车。可是, 制造电动轿车比预料的难得多。6. Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months. 汤姆在过去的三个月里每天晚上都在图书馆里工作。【语法主题应用】根据提示翻译下列语段。我写这封信是想邀请你访问中国。 为此我已经制订了一个绝妙的计划(现在完成时)。你可以访问青岛
18、, 它是我的家乡(非限制性定语从句), 是我所见过的(现在完成时)最美丽的城市之一。它很吸引人(形容词短语), 在它的海边有许多游客(名词短语)。我觉得住在这里很幸运(动词短语)。我们可以去乡下看看, 在那里待几天。自从我们上次见面以来, 那里发生了很大的变化(现在完成时)。我期待着(动词短语)你的到来。Im writing to invite you to visit China. I have made a wonderful plan for it. You can visit Qingdao, which is my hometown. It is one of the most be
19、autiful cities that I have seen. It is pretty attractive and has many tourists at its seaside. I feel fortunate living here. We can visit the countryside and stay there for a few days. Great changes have taken place since we saw each other last time there. I am looking forward to your coming. 关闭Word文档返回原板块
