1、外研版英语八（下）Module 6 Hobbies模块语法详解简单句的基本句型1、主语+连系动词+表语（即：+，简称“主系表”）。如：The bike is new. 这辆自行车是新的。/ The hat looks nice on you! 你戴这顶帽子真好看。初中阶段常见的连系动词有：一“是”(is, am, are)一“觉”(feel)一“保持”(keep)一“好像”(seem)；四个“起来”(look看起来，sound听起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来)；四个“变得”(become, turn, get, go都有“变得”的意思)。2、主语+不及物动词（时间/地点状语）（即：+
2、，简称“主谓”）。如：He runs fast. 他跑得快。/ He swims in the river every summer. 他每年夏天都在这条河里游泳。3、主语+及物动词+宾语（即：+，简称“主谓宾”）。如：He studies English. 他学习英语。/ Children often sing this song. 孩子们经常唱这首歌。（1）常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。如：I finished reading the bo
3、ok last night. 昨晚我看完了这本书。She enjoys reading novels and swimming. 她喜欢读小说和游泳。（2）常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse, want等。如：Where do wish to sit? 你想坐哪里？/ Tom agreed to lend some money. 汤姆同意借我一些钱。（3）有些及物动词既可用不定式，又可用动名词作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember, forget等。如：Please remember to
4、 post the letter for me. 请记住替我发这封信。/ I remember posting the letter. 我记得那封信寄过了。（4）有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。常见的词有：begin, start, continue。如：We began learning/to learn English when we came to junior middle school. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（即：+I+D，简称“主谓双宾”）。如：（1）及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物
5、。指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。若要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。如：Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me. 请递给我一杯茶。Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me. 请把你的新书给我。（2）把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to，有时加介词for，这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show, pass之
6、后加to。在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。如：Mr. Li bought Jim a pair of new shoes. = Mr. Li bought a pair of new shoes for Jim. 李先生给吉姆买了一双新鞋。Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please? 请你借你的字典给我好吗？5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（即：+，简称“主谓宾宾补”）。（1）及物动词后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语
7、补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：We call him Jack. 我们叫他杰克。/ Dont get your hands dirty. 不要把你的手弄脏。（2）在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。如：I heard him sing that song. 我听他唱过那首歌。When I came back, I heard him singing in the room. 我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。（3）在感官动词see, hear, feel,
8、watch, listen to, look at和使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语中，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。如：I saw him go into the room. 我看见他进了房间。He was seen to go into the room. 他被看见进了房间。6、There be+主语（+状语）（即：There be句型）（1）定义：There be 结构主要用以表达“某地(某时)有某人(某物)”。（2）结构：“There be+某物或某人+某地或某时”。there是引导词，没有词义，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出；be是谓语
9、动词；“某人或某物”是句子的主语，主语在be的后面；“某地或某时”作句子的状语，多是介词短语。如：There is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一个足球。 引导语 谓语动词 主语 介词短语(某地) （3）“There be”句型的主谓一致 there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，是复数时用are。如：There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 / There are some books on the desk. 桌子上有些书。 若句子中有几个并
10、列的主语时，be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：当有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语时，be的形式则和第一个名词保持一致(就近原则)。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔和两本书。There are two books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一枝钢笔。There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩，一个女孩和两个妇女。 另外，在陈述句中为了强调地点，也可将介词短语置于句首。如：In the tre
11、e there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。/ Under the tree there are two boys and a girl. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。（4）There be句型与have的区别与联系： 区别点：there be表示“某地有某人/物”，强调客观存在，不表示所属关系；have(has, had)表示“（某人）拥有某物”，强调所属关系。如：There are some trees in front of the house. 房前有些树。/ Tom has many friends in China. 汤姆在中国有许多朋友。 相同点：在表示结构上的“
12、含有”、“包括”、“存在”的含义时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have(has) 来表示。如：A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。There are many long rivers in China.=China has many long rivers. 中国有许多长河。（5）There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句 否定句：there be的否定式通常在be后加not或no构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some一般要变成any。注意n
13、ot和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。如：There are some pictures on the wall. There arent any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. There isnt a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree. 一般疑问句及其答语：把be提到there前，首字母大写，句末用问号
14、即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are；否定答语为No, there isnt / arent。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面的句子是如何“改头换面”的。如：There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water. Are there any fish in the water? - Are there two cats in the tree? - Yes, there are. (No, there
15、 arent.) - Is there a flower in the bottle? - Yes, there is. (No, there isnt.) 特殊疑问句及其回答：A. 提问there be句型的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)，当主语是人时，用“Whos+介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用“Whats + 介词短语?”。【注意】无论主语是单数还是复数都用is(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： There is a little girl in the room. Who is in the room? There are some birds in the tree. Whats i
16、n the tree? / There are many things over there. Whats over there?B. 提问there be句型后面的地点状语时，用“where is / are + 主语?”如: There are four children on the playground. Where are the four children? There is a car in the street. Where is the car? / There is a computer on the desk. Where is the computer? C. 提问名词
17、(主语)前的数量时, 一般有两种句型结构： How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？ 如：There are five bananas in the box? How many bananas are there in the box?How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？如：There is some milk in the bottle. How much milk is there in the bottle?模块语法即学即练一、单项选择。( ) 1. Do you enjoy English in our class, Mr. Green?A. t
18、each B. taught C. to teach D. teaching( ) 2. Mom is making dinner. It so nice!A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds( ) 3. There lots of sheep and pigs on my uncles farm now.A. was B. were C. is D. are( ) 4. Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He a speech there in two days.A. gives B. gave C. will give
19、 D. has given( ) 5. - Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? - No, I wont. I it already.A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see( ) 6. My parents often tell me too much junk food because its bad for my health.A. not eating B. not to eat C. eating D. to eat( ) 7. There many tree
20、s in front of my house now.A. was B. were C. is D. are( ) 8. My parents asked me computer games.A. not to play C. not playing C. playing D. not play( ) 9. I really enjoy the noodles and vegetables. They delicious.A. stay B. feel C. taste D. sound( ) 10. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmat
21、es dancing with her.A. practise B. practises C. practising D. to practise( ) 11. Last winter it was very cold and was a lot of snow in the north.A. it B. this C. there D. that二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. There (be) a desk, a bed and a chair in the bedroom.2. Mr. Lin (ride) a bike to work every day.3. Tony wants
22、 (talk) about his new teacher with me.4. Could you help me (clean) my house, please?5. Dont make your little brother (cry) again.6. My mother always spends much time (buy) clothes online.三、根据所给句子，选出与其对应的句型结构。( ) 1. Tim plays football with his friends every day.( ) 2. There are two small lakes in the
23、 park.( ) 3. Jack is an honest boy.( ) 4. The fox ran away.( ) 5. He told me not to be late for the concert.( ) 6. My pen friend sent me a postcard last night.A. 主语+系动词+表语B. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+状语)C. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(+状语)D. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(+状语)E. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语)F. There be+主语(+状语)模块语法即学即练参考答案一、单项选择。15 DADCB 610 BDBBD 11C二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. is 2. rides 3. to talk 4. clean 5. cry 6. buying三、根据所给句子，选出与其对应的句型结构。15 CFABED
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