1、课时提能练(三十八) 选修8Unit 3Inventors and inventionsA：知识层面.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Most pupils have 1expectations (expect) that they can participate in varieties of 2practical (practice) activities off campus. Many student 3associations (associate) often organize such activities, offering great 4convenience (convenie
2、nt) for the pupils. However, experts and parents are 5cautious (caution) about pupils taking part in social activities. Pupils are 6innocent (innocence), and they are easily taken in. Besides, many often ignore their security when 7merrily (merry) involved in these activities. Schools must warn thei
3、r pupils not to trust those who take interest in them 8abruptly (abrupt) but hesitate to show their 9identification (identify) cards.B(考查动词)There are amazing things about babies. They learn to see by 10distinguishing (distinguish) between areas of light and dark. They start to use their whole hand 1
4、1to seize (seize) toys and objects around 5 months of age. They are found 12tapping (tap) on smart phones when they are as young as 6 months. Someone says babies learn to do things because certain acts 13are associated (associate) with physiological “drives”. However, this is not the case. 14Bear (b
5、ear) in mind that your baby is eager to experience the joy of success just like an adult. To request more details about how babies learn, youre welcome 15to dial (dial) the phone number 610894149099 to contact us at any time.C(考查句型)There being no customers at this hour, my mother closed her shop. Be
6、fore long she appeared in front of me. “Drink the milk 16before it becomes cold and then go to sleep，” she said to me. A competition was to take place the next day. 17Being (be) very good at science subjects, I had a good chance of gaining high grades. 18Convinced (convince) that I would not let her
7、 down, she still expected me to sleep well and refresh my mind before the competition. “Dont stay up too late, 19or youll feel tired tomorrow.”.根据提示补全句子 1你方便时就来看我。Come and see me whenever it is convenient for you2身边应多准备一些开水，以备不时之需。Extra boiled water should be kept at hand just in case it is needed3冰
8、加热时会变成水。(状语从句的省略)When heated，ice can be changed into water.4我很少看到这么明亮的月亮。Rarely have I seen such a bright moon.5不要放弃，否则的话你会一事无成。Dont give up or you will achieve nothingB：能力层面.阅读理解A(2020湖南省六校联考)When you think of batteries，youll likely think about them powering up remote controls，cell phones，flashligh
9、ts and toys.But some people carry a battery around in their body to power a pacemaker (起搏器)It isnt really pleasant and easy to carry batteries because they need to be replaced so often and they can leak poisonous chemicals.A batterypowered pacemaker may become a thing of the past，thanks to a new tec
10、hnology developed by UCLA researchers: A biological super capacitor (超级电容器)，which is thinner than several hairs.Teams of researchers at UCLA and the University of Connecticut published a paper in a journal explaining their new invention.The super capacitor is made from a carbon material，and coated w
11、ith humanlike proteins that act as electrodes (电极)But what makes the device different is that it is powered by an energy harvester that changes body heat and movement in the blood into energy.Those traditional pacemakers are six to eight millimeters thick.They are much bigger.The new super capacitor
12、，which，due to its lack of battery，is only one micrometer thick.This “little” feature could benefit the new pacemakers energy efficiency，researchers stated.Furthermore，unlike other batteries used in medical treatments，the super capacitor can bend and twist in the body without suffering damage.Though
13、theyve not been widely used in the medical world，super capacitors have the ability to serve as a safer and more efficient medical device than the traditional batteryoperated devices，the researchers believe.“In order to be effective，batteryfree pacemakers must have super capacitors that can get，store
14、 and transport energy.However，commercial super capacitors are too slow to make them work”，said Maher ElKady，a UCLA researcher and coauthor of the study.“ Our research focused on the customdesigned super capacitor to capture energy effectively，and finding a way to make it exist together successfully
15、with the human body.”【语篇解读】文章介绍了一项新的发明超级电容器。它不需要电池，而且尺寸更小、更安全，能更好地为起搏器供能。1What do we know about traditional pacemakers?AThey are very popular with users.BThey are thinner than several hairs.CThey can do harm to the users bodies.DThey are really convenient to carry around.C细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，传统的起搏器需要经常
16、更换电池，而且电池会泄漏有毒的化学物质，因此它们对人身体有害。故选C。2What is special about the new super capacitor?AIt has electrodes on the outside.BIt is made from a kind of protein material.CIt helps save the carriers money and energy.DIt can transform the energy from the body.D细节理解题。根据第二段可知，超级电容器是由一个能量采集器驱动的，该能量采集器将身体热量和血液中的运动转
17、化为能量，即转化来自身体的能量，故选D。3Which of the following makes the new pacemaker energyefficient?AThe small size.BThe small battery.CThe energy harvester.DThe bending and twisting characters.A细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Thislittle feature could benefit the new pacemakers energy efficiency”可知，这种“小”的特征有利于新起搏器的能效，即使它节能，故选A。
18、【干扰项分析】此题易误选C项。由第2题的解析可知，能量采集器转化来自身体的能量从而驱动超级电容器，未提到其帮助新起搏器节能。4What is the best title for the text?AA Batterypowered Pacemaker Is Harming Peoples BodyBA New Pacemaker That Doesnt Need to Use BatteriesCPeople Today Arent Willing to Use the Traditional PacemakerDUCLA Researchers Are Committed to the M
19、edical EquipmentB标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项新的发明，即用于起搏器的超级电容器，这种电容器不需要电池，故选B项。B(2020北京市西城区统一测试)Store owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their stores and purchasing their goods.Even as we find new strategies to resist，neuroscientists (神经科学家)are employed at marketing agencies across
20、the country to best figure out what is going through a consumers brain at each point in the decision process.We consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money.Normally，the prefrontal cortex (额叶前皮层) contr
21、ols our emotional reactions to things，and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears.But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs，encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying more of something we dont actually ne
22、ed yet.Nostalgia，that regretful affection for past events，is another strong influence during the holiday season，and its shaped by emotion.Emotion whether good or bad enhances the formation of memories，engaging more parts of the brain.So hearing a nephew singing a carol，for instance，might reawaken me
23、mories associated with that particular song in a much more powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song.These kinds of memories are brought back even more easily by sensory input.This might be why we are often greeted by a sensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.Wherever you pur
24、chase gifts，there are social influences on what you buy as well.The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because were buying gifts.Receiving a brandname gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on me，so he or she must value me more”And it ma
25、kes sense.If two things seem pretty much the same，how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species，and we have to rely on each other.So when our brains are trying to make decisions，one of the shortcuts is to assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cos
26、t is often a predictor of that)，then there must be a reason.Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases.Plan ahead，resist the urge to purchase in a moment，make notes for comparison shopping，and if the deal is actually good，then it will stand the inspection and youll feel good about
27、 your purchases later.Before you blow your budget this season，remember that your brain might be fooling you into purchasing the things you dont need.【语篇解读】本文主要从三个方面分析了引起消费者过度消费的因素，即我们害怕失去真正好的交易或害怕不得不花费更多的钱买同样的东西、怀旧之情以及社交的影响。5From Paragraph 2，we learn that _ .Athe prefrontal cortex is the calculation
28、 centerBthe common consumers always act unreasonablyCthe sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fearDthe advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thingC推理判断题。根据第二段中的“we have a fear of missing the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money”和“But an ad
29、vertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex.we dont actually need yet”可推知，看到显眼的交易标志会使消费者心中充满担忧，故选C。6According to Paragraph 3，which of the following can work on consumers?ACreating a festival atmosphere.BFollowing the current fashion.CPreparing more free samples.DOffering a bigger discount.A推理判断题。根据第三
30、段中的“Nostalgia，that regretful affection for past events，is another strong influence during the holiday season，and its shaped by emotion”并结合本段中举的例子可推知，节日氛围会激发消费者的怀旧之情，刺激他们消费，故A项正确。7Why do we buy brandname gifts during the holiday?AThey are more reliable.BThey are a sign of social status.CThey make peo
31、ple feel valued.DThey are favored by most people.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Receiving a brandname gift sends the message thatthis person has spent more on me，so he or she must value me more”可知，人们买品牌礼物是为了让对方感觉自己很受重视，故选C。8To avoid overspending，the author suggests we_Abuy in a momentBreduce our budgetCreturn unnec
32、essary productsDmake a plan in advanceD细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Plan ahead，resist the urge to purchase in a moment，make notes for comparison shopping”可知，为了避免超支，作者建议人们在购物时要提前进行计划，故D选项正确。.完形填空(2020海南新高考调研)About a decade ago，my grandpa who was suffering from Alzheimers(阿尔茨海默症) got into my car and drove off.Angel
33、 and I 1 the police，but before they could find him，two 2 kids pulled into our driveway with my grandpa.They said they overheard him crying about being 3 at an empty gas station 10 miles away.My grandpa couldnt remember our address，but gave the kids his first and last name.They looked him up online，f
34、ound our address，and 4 him home.I was 5 on that incident today while sitting near a beautiful oceanside cliff.I was suddenly 6 of footsteps behind me.I 7 around to see a young lady who was almost in 8 slowly walking to where I was sitting.I walked up to her and 9 ，“Whats wrong？”She told me she was 1
35、0 afraid of heights，but was worried about my safety and wanted to get over her fear.Her braveness and kindness truly warmed my heart.Ive spent the rest of the day thinking about what an extraordinary person she is，and about those amazing college kids who 11 my grandpa，and about what it means to be a
36、 kind and 12 person.Sometimes you have to go the extra mile，or face your biggest 13 ，or stand up against your own negative tendencies to make a(n) 14 difference in others life.Its 15 to start doing the hard thingsthe right thingsfor others.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了通过两位大学生开车送迷路的爷爷回家，以及恐高的女士担心在悬崖边的“我”这些善举，作者意识到善举
37、会给别人的生活带来积极的影响，于是作者自己也意识到应开始尽可能多地帮助别人了。1Acondemned BcontactedCconsultedDfoundB根据上文got into my car and drove off和设空处后的the police可知，作者报了警，即“联系”了警察，contact意为“联系；联络”，故选B项。condemn意为“谴责”；consult意为“咨询”；find意为“发现”。2AcollegeBnaughtyChomelessDkindergartenA根据第11空前的those amazing college kids可知，是两个大学生帮助了爷爷，此处为原词
38、复现，college意为“大学”，故选A项。naughty意为“淘气的”；homeless意为“无家可归的”；kindergarten意为“幼儿园”。3AcarelessBscaredClostDforgetfulC根据下文中的My grandpa couldnt remember our address可推知，爷爷迷路了，lost意为“迷路的”；故选C项。careless意为“粗心的”；scared意为“害怕的”；forgetful意为“健忘的”。4AleftBdroveCkickedDcarriedB根据上文pulled into our driveway with my grandpa可
39、知，大学生是开车把作者的爷爷送回家，drive意为“开车；驱使”，故选B项。leave意为“离开”；kick意为“踢”；carry意为“携带；运送”。5AdependingBcomingCreflectingDfixingC根据下文语境可知，事件发生后，作者应是在回想发生的事情，reflect on意为“认真思考”，故选C项。depend on意为“依赖；指望”；come on意为“偶然找到；加油”；fix on意为“选定”。6AafraidBskepticalCsureDconsciousD根据空前的suddenly以及设空处后的footsteps behind me可知，作者突然“意识到”
40、身后有脚步声。be conscious of意为“意识到”，故选D项。be afraid of意为“害怕”；be skeptical of意为“怀疑”；be sure of意为“确信”。7AturnedBwalkedCgotDlookedA根据上文的sitting near a beautiful oceanside cliff和footsteps behind me可推知，此处指作者转过身来。turn around意为“转过身来”，故选A项。walk意为“散步”；get意为“得到”；look意为“看”。8AdepressionBamazementCfeelingsDtearsD根据下文的sh
41、e was _ afraid of heights可知，女士恐高，故可推知她应是害怕地快哭了。固定搭配in tears意为“流着泪”，故选D项。depression意为“抑郁”；amazement意为“惊奇”；feeling意为“感觉”。9AreactedBquestionedCaskedDrepliedC根据设空处后的“Whats wrong？”可知，作者在询问女士怎么了，ask意为“问”，故选C项。react意为“反应”；question意为“怀疑；询问”；reply意为“回答”。10AextremelyBworriedlyCanxiouslyDsurprisinglyA根据上文语境女士害
42、怕得几乎哭出来以及设空处后的afraid of heights可知，她“非常”恐高，extremely意为“极其；非常”，故选A项。worriedly意为“担忧地”；anxiously意为“忧虑地”；surprisingly意为“令人惊讶地”。11AconvincedBimitatedClentDassistedD根据第一段中two _ kids pulled into our driveway with my grandpa可知，大学生们把迷路的爷爷送回家，即帮助了爷爷，assist意为“帮助”，故选D项。convince意为“说服”；imitate意为“模仿”；lend意为“借出”。12A
43、mercifulBhelpfulCcarefulDpeacefulB根据上文内容可知，大学生和那位女士都是乐于助人的，helpful意为“乐于助人的；有帮助的”，故选B项。merciful意为“仁慈的”；careful意为“细心的”；peaceful意为“和平的；平静的”。13AcourageBfailuresCfearsDchoicesC根据上文恐高的女士到悬崖边提醒“我”，以及get over her fear可推知，此处指面对你最大的“恐惧”，fear意为“恐惧”，故选C项。courage意为“勇气”；failure意为“失败”；choice意为“选择”。14ApositiveBlitt
44、leCoptimisticDoppositeA根据上文作者对他人的善举感到很感激，以及stand up against your own negative tendencies可推知，此处表示，对抗自己的消极倾向以给别人的生活带来积极的影响，positive意为“积极的”，故选A项。little意为“小的”；optimistic意为“乐观的”；opposite意为“相反的”。15AminuteBtimeChonorDluckB根据前文语境可知，作者从他人的善举中感受到自己也应开始帮助别人。Its time to do sth.意为“是做某事的时候了”，time意为“时间”，故选B项。minute意为“分钟”；honor意为“荣誉”；luck意为“运气”。
