1、UNIT 4 SHARING课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点正话反说一、多样表达1缺席：absence 在场：presence2丰富：abundance 缺乏：lack3接受：accept 拒绝：refuse4活着的：alive 死的：dead5承认：admit 否认：deny6反对：be against 支持：be for7不同的：different 相同的：same; alike8分开：apart 一起：together9允许：allow 禁止：forbid10使烦恼：annoy 使满意：satisfy11同意：agree 不同意：disagree, refuse12人工的：artific
2、ial 自然的：natural13攻击：attack 防守：defend14噩运：bad luck 好运：fortune, good luck15仔细的：careful 粗心的：careless16复杂的：complicated 简单的：simple17空的：empty 满的：full18干燥的：dry 潮湿的：wet, humid19昂贵的：expensive 便宜的：cheap20慷慨的：generous 吝啬的：mean二、佳句观摩1Aunt Isabel is generous and gives us a lot of presents.Aunt Isabel is not mean
3、 at all and gives us a lot of presents.伊沙贝姨妈很大方，给了我们许多礼物。2The demand for an apology was refused.The demand for an apology was not accepted.让对方道歉的要求遭到了拒绝。3I should forbid such a thought to affect me.I should not allow such a thought to affect me.我不能让这种思想影响我。4The aims of the redesign are wideranging b
4、ut not complicated.The aims of the redesign are wideranging but simple.重新设计的目的是多方面的，但又是简单的。三、佳句仿写用正话反说替换下列句子中的黑体部分1You cant deny that it seems a very attractive idea.You have_to_admit that it seems a very attractive idea.无可否认那个想法看来很有吸引力。2At first, he was against our arrangement.At first, he was_not_
5、for our arrangement.起初，他反对我们的安排。3I had a lot of bad luck during the first half of this season.I didnt_have_a_lot_of_good_luck during the first half of this season.上半赛季我一直走背运。 .阅读理解A语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我个人经历作者在沙尘暴中勇敢地救出了父亲(2021广州市高三年级阶段考试)Mama and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our h
6、ouse. Mama says all the dust is due to the drought. The dirt covers everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. We rarely drive the truck because Papa fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor.When my sister，Faye，and I walk to school we wear kerchiefs over
7、our mouths so we dont breathe in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that they close the school，we stay at home and help Mama put wet sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in.Last Sunday，there was no dirt in the air，only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After lunc
8、h，Papa headed out to the field to check on the cattle while I played with Faye in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped. I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust. All the birds flew away.“I must warn Papa，” I thought to myself. To avoid her panicking，I gently told Faye to go back
9、 inside where she would be safe，and then headed off to the field.The storm hit so fast，and in an instant the day turned into night. By the time I entered the cow field the fine sand was whipping across my face.I screamed for Papa，hoping my voice would lead him back.The dirt and sand stung my skin li
10、ke a thousand bees.Although I was terrified，I refused to turn back. My dad was stranded and needed my help. Covering my face with one hand，I groped my way toward the truck and opened the door. First I tried turning the trucks lights on and off，hoping that Papa would see them flashing，but the sandsto
11、rm let no light escape. Then I pushed the horn again and again，so Papa would hear it. I pushed until I had no more strength in my arms.Suddenly，Papas face appeared at the window. My heart leaped with surprise and relief. He opened the door and climbed onto the seat next to me. He then pulled me into
12、 his arms and said，“Oh，Iris，you saved me！”Finally，the wind subsided and the dust began to settle.Dirt was piled up to the window on one side of the truck and halfway up the door on the other. Papa kicked the door，opening it far enough to let us out.Sand and soil drifts were everywhere，but we were sa
13、fe.文章大意：该文讲述了在一个风沙蔽日的周日午后，作者勇敢地闯入沙尘暴通过闪车灯和按喇叭的方式提醒父亲到车里躲避并最终救出了父亲。1What is the main function of the first two paragraphs?AIt describes a problem the characters must solve.BIt establishes the setting where the story takes place.CIt introduces the characters that are related to the story.DIt explains
14、the motivations for the characters later actions.解析：B考查写作意图。下文讲述了作者的英勇事迹，而第一、二段讲述的是该故事发生之前的天气状况，旨在给故事提供背景，故选B。2Why did Papa go to the field that Sunday?ABecause he was trying to get to his truck.BBecause he needed to prepare the field for harvest.CBecause he wanted to make sure the cattle were fine.
15、DBecause he planned to bring the cattle in before the storm.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“After lunch，Papa headed out to the field to check on the cattle”可知，父亲那个周日去牧场是为了核实牛的情况是否正常，故C项正确。3How did Iris save her father?ABy warning him to run away.BBy turning on the trucks lights.CBy guiding him towards the shelt
16、er.DBy screaming his name at the top of her voice.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“First I tried turning the trucks lights on and off，hoping that Papa would see them flashing，but the sandstorm let no light escape. Then I pushed the horn again and again，so Papa would hear it.”可知，作者通过不断地闪车灯和按喇叭的方式引导父亲来卡车这个临时庇护处躲避沙尘
17、暴，故选C。4Which of the following words best describes Iris?ABrave and calm.BExperienced and confident.CAdventurous and careful.DFearless and sympathetic.解析：A考查推理判断。根据第三段尾句以及第五段描述的作者尝试各种方式将父亲引到车里躲避可知，作者是冷静的；根据第五段第二、三句可知，尽管作者很害怕，但她还是冲进沙尘暴去帮助父亲，由此可知作者是勇敢的，故A项正确。B语篇类型议论文主题语境人与社会教育学习和游戏哪个重要？(2021哈尔滨三中高三期中)
18、Much of the public debate around early childhood education comes down to which matters more：academic knowledge or play.Thats a false dilemma.Play is really the way that young children learn and guided play is the key.Its a way that they experience the world，and it helps them learn more deeply.We sho
19、uld be concerned that the “skill and drill” approach to teaching academic knowledge is most frequently used in classrooms serving atrisk preschoolers，in an attempt to close the gap on school readiness.Unfortunately，this teaching method can turn young kids off to school and introduces the possibility
20、 of shame and anxiety.“Skill and drill” doesnt teach kids the curiosity and critical(有判断力的) thinking skills that they need to develop in early childhood.However，pure free playan approach advocated more frequently by wealthier groupsalso misses_the_mark“I hear a lot about just free play classrooms” B
21、ut Suzanne Bouffard，an education researcher，said if it only involves setting out materials and not thinking about learning goals，theres a real missed opportunity.For example，she said，researchers have found that children used more complex language about building activities when they had a goal in min
22、d.What effective preschools aim for is “guided play”，in which adults create a purposeful play environment that encourages students to explore.For example，in setting up blocks，a teacher might put up pictures of buildings to inspire kids.They may ask students，“What are you doing？” and gently push kids
23、 thinking by offering new information.Of course，the ability to find this balance rests with teachers.Good teachers make it look really easy.Thats why its really important that we invest (投入) in teachers and give them the training to guide play without overly controlling it and to encourage kids to d
24、evelop an understanding of letters and numbers without “skill and drill”文章大意：在英语中把名词动词化的做法很普遍，但是很多语法学家反对这种做法，而且有时这样做也可能会让我们失望，因此我们要慎用名词的动词化。5Which of the following matters most in early childhood education?AHaving guided play.BLearning after play.CSeeing the world.DStudying academic courses.解析：C考查细节
25、理解。根据第三段尾句“Since 1900，about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.”可知，自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词。据此可知，自上个世纪以来，名词的动词化就成了常见的现象，故C项正确。6What do we know about the “skill and drill” approach?AIt works best for preschoolers.BIt helps develop kids curiosity.CIt limits kids development.DIt bridges the
26、 gap on school readiness.解析：A考查推理判断。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs.Not all are bad，but all are suspect.”可知，针对名词的动词化，两位权威的语法学家认为并非所有这种做法都是不好的，但所有都是不可靠的。据此可推知，权威专家对把名词动词化的做法持谨慎的态度，故A项正确。7Which of the following best explains “misses the mark”underlined in Paragra
27、ph 3?AMeets learning goals. BLoses points in exams.CTroubles the class. DFails to achieve the goal.解析：D考查推理判断。根据尾段尾句“Not every coinage(新创的词语)passes into general use，but as for trying to end verbing altogether，forget it.”可知，不是每个新创的词语都会普遍使用，但是至于试图结束名词的动词化，那就算了吧。据此可推知，作者认为结束名词的动词化是不可能的，故D项正确。A项意为“可预见的”
28、，B项意为“可行的，行得通的”，都与文意不符。8Why does a teacher put up pictures of buildings?ATo encourage the kids to copy.BTo offer extra information.CTo share the teaching purpose with the kids.DTo inspire the kids to explore.解析：B考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章首段以summer一词为例引出主题：名词的动词化；接着文章表述把名词动词化的做法很普遍，但有很多语法学家反对这种做法，而且这样做有时可能会让我们
29、失望，因此我们要慎用名词的动词化。故B项最适合作本文标题。.七选五语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会人际交往如何进行一次成功的采访(2021北京市高考适应性测试)An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from him.1._ There are three basic subtypes of interview：structured interviews，unstructured interviews and semistructured interviews.2._ Incide
30、ntally，the“respondent”and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of the“interviewee”A great deal is provided by this personal contact：you are another human being，and interviewees will respond to you，in bodily presence，in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reac
31、ted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails.3._ Most people want to help and give their opinions，and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.If you take the trouble to schedule a visit，you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importan
32、tly，though，you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them.4._ You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy(首要)of the personal contact，your appearance and tone are importanthow do you
33、want to be seen? As “one of us”？ As a person in authority? As an observer？.Or what？5._ However you decide to present yourself，it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview beginsto talk about the weather，about your journey，about anything that will break the
34、 ice.AThis is readymade support for you.BIts nature varies with the nature of the interviews.CYou will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.DYour decision should influence the way that you look，sound and behave.EThe information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination
35、of these.FEach involves the interviewer in facetoface contact or telephone contact with another person.GYou will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean.文章大意：采访就是试图从他人那里获得信息的一次讨论。本文对其进行了简单的介绍，并介绍了采访这种形式的优势及进行一次成功的采访的方法。1解析：E空前一句对采访下了定义，空后一句对采访进行了分类
36、，再结合选项可推知E项符合语境，该项中的“The information”与前一句相呼应，所以选用E选项。2解析：F空前一句对采访进行了分类，空后一句介绍了对受访者的不同称呼，由此可推知，空处应该会讲到采访形式，所以选用F选项。3解析：A本段主要表述了采访这种形式的优势。空前一句表述了受访者对采访与问卷以及邮件的反应完全不同，再结合语境和常识可知，A选项符合语境，即采访能使受访者提供极其方便的支持。4解析：C根据空前一句中的“you will be able to relate to interviewees”和空后一句中的“You will be able to watch their be
37、haviour”可推知，空处句式应与前后句一致，形成排比句式，C选项符合语境，故选C项。5解析：D上文针对你(采访者)想要展示的形象提出了多个选择，故D项“你的决定可能影响你的表情、说话和表现的方式”符合语境，承上启下。.语法填空语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自我体育运动快走的好处Power walking is a style of walking performed at a rapid，energetic pace.There is no special 1._ (require) for you to start except a pair of comfortable walking s
38、hoes，and love for fresh outdoor air.Power walking offers many benefits.Walking at a quick pace of 4 mph 2._ (burn) around 300 calories per hour.3._ (consequent)，power walking，in addition to a healthy diet，helps manage your weight.Also，power walking decreases the risks of serious 4._ (disease) like h
39、igh blood pressure，heart attack and certain types of cancers.Power walking helps reduce the stress associated with daytoday living，5._ (remove) yourself from the busy home atmosphere or 6._ (stress) office environment for power walking can leave you refreshed and energetic.Power walking uses both up
40、per and lower body strength，7._ results in stronger muscles and bones.And 8._ (improve) body condition makes 9._ easy for you to carry out daily tasks.Power walking can transport you to your destination.You not just avoid the need for a car 10._ save money on gas as well.If the family dog needs a wa
41、lk and you need a workout，power walking is a convenient way to do both at the same time.This activity fits all different lifestyles.文章大意：快走是一种以快速、充满活力的步速进行的散步，快走有诸多好处，包括控制体重、减少疾病、减少生活压力、强身健体等。1解析：requirement考查词形转换。空前的special是形容词，作定语，修饰名词，且此处为there be句型，be动词为is，故填名词单数requirement“所需的东西”。2解析：burns考查主谓一
42、致和时态。Walking at a quick pace of 4 mph是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式；本句讲述的是客观情况，所以用一般现在时，故填burns。3解析：Consequently考查副词。分析句子成分可知，空处放在句首，修饰整个句子，作状语，应用其副词形式。4解析：diseases考查名词的单复数。根据空后的“like high blood pressure.cancers”可知，空处表示各种各样的疾病，故用名词的复数形式。5解析：removing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，remove和句子主语Power walking为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填removing
43、。6解析：stressful考查词形转换。空处作定语，修饰后面的名词词组office environment，故填形容词stressful“充满压力的，紧张的”。7解析：which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句，空处在从句中作主语，故填which。8解析：improved考查形容词。空处修饰名词词组body condition(身体状况)，应用形容词improved“已改善的”。9解析：it考查代词it的用法。分析句子结构可知，空处应用it作形式宾语，句中形容词作宾语补足语，后面的不定式是真正的宾语。10解析：but考查固定用法。not just/only.but(also)是固定用法，意思是“不但而且”。
