1、第四讲特殊句式单句语法填空1(2019高考天津卷改编)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.2(2018高考北京卷改编)In any unsafe situation，simply press (press) the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need.3(高考全国卷改编)Not only do the nurses want a pay increa
2、se，they want reduced hours as well.单句改错1(2017高考全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”TurningTurn2(高考全国卷)They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.TheyThere倒装句(一)部分倒装1将含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子需部分倒装。 这类词或短语有never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at n
3、o time，by no means，no longer，not until，hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.，nowhere，neither .nor .等。Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游有关的活动。2“only状语/状语从句”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。Only when you can find
4、 peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。3so/such .that .结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。4表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义
5、)。I saw the cartoon film Ne Zha last week，so did she.上周我看了动画电影哪吒，她也看了。5在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Child as he is，he knows more about it.虽然他是个孩子，但他更了解这个问题。6在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had，were，should要提到主语前面。Should he come，tell him to ring me up.如果他来了，告诉他给我打电话。7“may动
6、词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。May you succeed.祝你成功。(二)全部倒装1here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，away，on the wall，in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。2有时为突出或强调，将表语提到句首，构成“表语系动词主语”倒装结构。Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other gues
7、ts.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。强调句强调句陈述句式：Itis/was .that/who .一般疑问句：Is/Wasit .that/who .？特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat .？“not .until .”的强调句：It is/was not until .that .(注意时态)强调谓语动词do/does/did动词原形(只用于肯定句，并且只用于一般现在时和一般过去时)特别提醒强调句式中that/who后面的句子中的谓语动词的人称和数要与被强调部分保持一致。It is only by listening to and understanding each o
8、ther that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？It was not until he got home that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到他到家后才发现他的包落在了出租车上。She did tell me about her address，but I
9、forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。特别提醒强调句型和“It is/was时间when.”的区别。It was at 11：00 that he came back.(强调句型)他是在11：00的时候回来的。It was 11：00 when he came back.(时间状语从句)他回来的时候11：00了。省略句(一)状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式Firstly，people
10、 may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。While walking along the street，I heard my name called.走在大街上时，我听到有人叫我的名字。(二)不定式的省略1在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be，have，have been，通常保留这些词。The driver wanted
11、to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.这个司机想把车停靠在路边，但警察叫他别那样做。2感官动词(see，look，notice，watch，observe，listen，hear，feel等)和使役动词(make，have，let等)后带不定式作宾补时要省略to；但不定式在被动语态中作主语补足语时不省略to。He often makes his sister do the housework for him.他总是让他姐姐替他做家务。I was made to laugh by him.我被他逗
12、笑了。(三)用so或not等替代上文的内容当由Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答语时，后面的so与not分别表示肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略。Maybe I will be proven wrong，but I hope so/not.也许我会被证明是错的，但我希望如此/不是那样。(四)其他常见的省略形式if ever如果有过的话if busy如果忙的话if anything如果有什么(不同)if possible如果可能的话if so如果那样的话if not如果不的话if necessary如果必要的话感叹句1What (a/an)形容词
13、名词主语谓语！What beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花啊！2How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！How clever a boy he is!What a clever boy he is!他是一个多么聪明的男孩呀！3How形容词/副词主语谓语！How high the mountain is!这山真高呀！祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dont，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的常见句型：(1)祈使句and简单句： “如果就”(2)祈使句or/otherwise简单句：“否则”Call m
14、e tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。Start out right away，or youll miss the first train.立刻出发，否则的话，你将错过首班列车。巧解特殊句式一、熟记句型结构，轻松确定答案常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构，只要平时记住这些规律和特征，便可轻松确定答案。比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was被强调部分that/who.”，其判断方法：若去掉It is/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整，则题干为强调句。语法填空典例1It wasnt unt
15、il in high school I began to trust other people again.分析：由句式可知此题考查强调句型与not until连用；强调时间状语，因此填that。语法填空典例2Only then we realize there was an earthquake，and I was too frightened to move.分析：“only状语”置于句首，句子用部分倒装；本句介绍的是过去的事情，因此填did。语法填空典例3Are you too old for fairy tales? If you think ，Copenhagen is sure t
16、o change your mind.分析：本句考查省略，so置于think后避免重复。二、巧用还原法，化难为易对于一些特殊句型，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正常句型，如把倒装语序还原为正常语序，把省略句补全等，便能降低解题难度。单句改错典例Thats all.Thank you.Some questions？ 分析：Some questions补全后为Do you have some questions？由此可知此句为一般疑问句，故将Some改为Any。单句语法填空1Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wro
17、ng hands.2Seldom did they watch TV those days; instead，they chatted with each other after supper.3The family was poor but the parents did manage to send him to a technical school.4Follow your doctors advice，and your illness will get better.5Had (have) he caught the morning train，he would not have be
18、en late for the meeting.6What a careless person you are，leaving the umbrella home!7There comes (come) the school bus.Hurry up!8Hard as/though they tried，they couldnt make her change her mind.9This is not my story，nor is it the whole story.My story plays out differently.10Only when Lily walked into t
19、he office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.单句改错1Children，when accompanying by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.accompanyingaccompanied2Just as the old saying goes，“Happiness lies in contentment.” Only in this way we relax ourselves and achieve more progress.way后加c
20、an/will3How terrible weather weve been having these days！HowWhat4It is your valuable guidance which has enabled me to visit the city without any trouble.whichthat5Id like to invite you to the coming Christmas party，which will take place on the second floor of the dining hall as expect.expectexpected
21、.语法填空Are you any good at hulahooping (转呼啦圈)? If 1. ，dont worry.Its so easy to learn that you can understand its working principle 2. any hulahooping experience. 3. (be) you interested，you could examine some interesting knowledge of physics behind hulahooping using just a pencil and a rubber band.Hul
22、a hoops move 4. (determine) all by forces! While playing with a hula hoop, many different forces are at work to help keep it 5. (circle). A force is a push or a pull that acts on one thing. Forces can make objects move, but just that something isnt moving doesnt 6. (necessary) mean therere no forces
23、 acting.For example，if youre sitting on a chair right now, there is an upward force on you 7. prevents you from falling to the ground. On the contrary, when something is moving, we cant say it gets 8. (evidence) force acting on it.So what forces act on a hula hoop? 9. (weigh)，friction，the normal for
24、ce，etc. Just as you can see，the 10. (combine) effect of all these makes it spin.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要由呼啦圈的工作原理引入主题，介绍了力的作用。1解析：考查省略结构。上文问：“你擅长转呼啦圈吗？”，此处答“如果，不要担心”，根据逻辑关系可知，此处应该表示如果不擅长，故用if not“若非如此”。答案：not2解析：考查介词。结合“.dont worry.Its so easy to learn.experience”可知，该句话意为“没有任何玩呼啦圈的经验也能明白其工作原理。”空后是名词短语，所以用wit
25、hout“没有，缺乏”。答案：without3解析：考查虚拟语气、省略和倒装。分析句子结构可知，本句是虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句用一般过去时(be动词用were)，主句用could/should/might/would do。从句省略了if，将were提前构成倒装，故填Were。注意句首单词的首字母要大写。答案：Were4解析：考查时态和语态。此处在讲一个原理，用一般现在时表示陈述事实。又因Hula hoops move与determine之间是动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。答案：is determined5解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是keep sb./sth. doi
26、ng结构，表示“让某人/某物保持做某事”，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。答案：circling6解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰动词mean，故用所给词的副词形式necessarily。答案：necessarily7解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个分隔式定语从句，修饰前面的先行词force，并在从句中作主语，又因先行词为物，所以用that或者which。答案：that/which8解析：考查词性转换。空处位于名词force前作定语，应该用形容词evident“明显的”。答案：evident9解析：考查词性转换。空处与后面的名词friction及名词短语the normal f
27、orce并列，故用所给词的名词形式。注意此处首字母要大写。答案：Weight10解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语，effect和combine有着逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。答案：combined.短文改错You must have heard about Dolly and have been amazed by the first cloned animal. But here came a problem: should we clone humans? When being asked about this question, a large number of peo
28、ple which are interested in the topic hold the view that its beneficial to clone humans. Therefore, some other people, me including, are against this idea. Cloning humans can bring negative effects and wrong informations. In the first place, they may not be treated equal as normal people, which I be
29、lieve will make him suffer a lot. In second place, human cloning may lead in some social disorder, and it is quite dangerous.答案： You must have heard about Dolly and have been amazed by the first cloned animal. But here a problem: should we clone humans? When being asked about this question, a large
30、number of people are interested in the topic hold the view that its beneficial to clone humans. , some other people, me , are against this idea. Cloning humans can bring negative effects and wrong . In the first place, they may not be treated as normal people, which I believe will make suffer a lot. In second place, human cloning may lead some social disorder, and it is quite dangerous.
