1、单元主题语境人与自我之语言学习的规律、方法等(2018高考全国卷)话题：语言的消失词数：304难度：Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by huntergatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speec
2、h independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled
3、 and fewer in number.In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as E
4、nglish，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lots，often spoken by smal
5、l numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000；Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer pe
6、ople than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico (150)，Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one
7、，with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上语言多样性的发展变化以及种类随人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。28What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns. DThey were closely connected.解析
8、：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some language experts believe .12,000 languages between them.”可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有 500万到 1 000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。由此可推断，狩猎时代的语言种类很多。答案：B29Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?AComplex.BAdvanced. CPowerful.DModern.解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“all have cause
9、d many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被如英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，这就暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。答案：C30How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?AAbout 6,800. BAbout 3,
10、400.CAbout 2,400. DAbout 1,200.解析：数字计算题。根据第三段第一句“At present，the world has about 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言；再根据“The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 00
11、0。答案：B31What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句和第二段可知，随着社会的发展，尤其是工业化、全球化以来，很多语言已经消失，即人类社会的发展使得世界上语言的种类越来越少。故选C。答案：C一、语言能力生词
12、僻义/熟词生义1populate v构成的人口2settled adj.稳定的3uneven adj.分布不均4account for 占据5well adv.大大地；远远地二、思维品质1阅读技巧词义猜测题正确选项特征(1)与原文上下文联系非常紧密。(2)可以通过上下文内容的提示确定。原文提示的方式一般有：定义和解释、描述和例证、同义和反义、平行关系以及构词法等。第29题，根据第二段最后一句中的increasingly taking over“越来越占据统治地位”可知，dominant意为“占优势的；占支配地位的”，与C项同义。2分析长难句并翻译句子.and Asia and the Paci
13、fic perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.分析of which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词3,200。句中的well为副词，意为“远远地”。翻译亚洲和环太平洋地区大概有3_200种语言，其中仅巴布亚新几内亚独立国一个国家的语言就远超800种。三、文化素养思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你对语言的发展有何认识？当前发展普通话有何意义？随着改革开放和社会主义市场经济的发展，社会对普及普通话的需求也越来越强烈。因此，在全民中大力推广和普及普通话已经成为当前社会文化活动中十分重要、非常迫切的
14、一项任务。授课提示：对应学生用书第12页NO.1单词在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词先识记请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1command him to start at once 命令他立刻动身2recognize the wrong decisions 承认错误的决定3the latter half of the year下半年4the base of the glass 杯子的底座5have a sound economic base有很好的经济基础6a sixday voyage 六天的航程7request some information要求提供一些信息8my native lang
15、uage/tongue 我的母语9the gradual introduction 逐渐引入10the amount actually borrowed 实际借款数目11develop a wide vocabulary扩大词汇量12keep your back straight把你的背挺直再拓展请填入括号内单词的正确形式1My computer has a program which can correct my spelling(s) (spell) automatically.2Nearly one hundred countries recognize English as their
16、 official (office) language.3Actually (actual)，he is an honest and reliable person，whom you can depend on.4As is known to all，education is a gradual process，and people are gradually aware of its importance.(gradual)5He had changed so much that you couldnt recognize him.As a matter of fact，illness an
17、d age changed him beyond recognition.(recognize)6I can hardly express how grateful I feel.I will give her the present as an expression of gratitude.(express)7I can speak English fluently，so my deskmate admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.(fluent)8Freq
18、uently going out on a date may result in frequent absence from classes，which will interfere with their studies.(frequent)02阅读单词标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆elevatorapartmentidentitylightning lorry petroleastern enrich subwaydialect accent blockcabNO.2短语在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累必会短语请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1have a good command of Fren
19、ch精通法语2be based on solid facts以确凿的事实为依据3because of what you do 因为你做的事4make use of reference books使用参考书5the number of people there 那儿的人数6leave for Guangzhou by plane乘飞机去广州7come up to the fire到炉火这边来8play a part in the play在该剧中扮演一个角色9dress more than simply穿着十分朴素10dislike people such as him不喜欢像他这样的人11wr
20、ite in standard English用标准英文写作12be all right at present目前一切正常词汇积累1后缀ern构成的方位形容词集锦eastern东方的；东部的；来自东方的western西方的；西部的；来自西方的southern南方的；南部的northern 北方的；北部的northwestern西北方的southeastern东南方的2en前缀和en后缀改变词性richv.enrich使富裕ablev.enable使能够largev.enlarge使扩大surev.ensure确保；担保strengthv.strengthen加强；巩固shortv.shorte
21、n缩短；使变短3at时间短语小结at present 现在；目前at times 有时at a time 一次at one time 曾经at the beginning of 在开始时at the moment 现在NO.3句式在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1even ifeven though意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句即使你忙于功课，我还是希望你能参加即将到来的庆祝活动。Even if/though you are busy with your lessons，I hope you can attend the upcoming celebration.(202
22、0高考天津卷)2more.than.“与其说倒不如说”我的英语取得了很大进步，老师表扬了我，与其说我聪明倒不如说我勤奋。I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me，saying that I was more diligent than clever.3There is no such.“没有这样的”世界上没有像你说的那样聪明的人。There is no such wise/clever person as you said in the world.4This/ That is because.意为“这/那
23、是因为”，because引导表语从句他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.5the way作先行词引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语时，关系词有三种形式：that，in which或不填我不喜欢你和那位老人说话的方式。I dont like the way (that/in which) you talked to the old man.授课提示：对应学生用书第13页1base vt.以为根据 n基部；基地；基础文化金句 Jiangxi，the
24、traditional revolutionary base，is full of red culture resources.江西作为传统革命根据地，红色文化资源丰富。归纳拓展 (1)base.on/upon.把建立在基础之上be based on/upon以为基础；依据(2)basic adj.基本的；基础的(3)basis n基础；根据 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空Stars apparently do not follow this basic (base) principle of sportsmanship.(2019高考北京卷)Scientists have built an e
25、arlywarning system based (base) on mathematical models.(2019高考天津卷)能力提升句式升级The restaurant is based on trust，and it is working all right.Based on trust，the restaurant is working all right.(分词短语作状语)The restaurant，which is based on trust，is working all right.(定语从句)2command nC 命令；指令；U掌握vt.命令；指挥文化金句 A for
26、eigner cannot have a good command of Chinese unless he overcomes the cultural barriers in learning Chinese.外国人在汉语学习中，只有克服文化障碍才能很好地掌握汉语。归纳拓展 (1)at ones command听某人支配have a (good) command of掌握；精通(尤指语言)take command of控制；担任的指挥(2)command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command that.(should) do.命令做 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/猜测加黑
27、词的含义Im at your commandwhat would you like me to do?The police commanded the witness to describe (describe) what had happened the day before.The police commanded that the witness (should) describe (describe) what had happened the day before.It was his bravery showed in the rescue work that commanded
28、our respect.赢得能力提升完成句子/句式升级I have such a good command of oral English that I can communicate smoothly with British painting lovers.(such .that .)(2019高考全国卷)我的英语口语很好，我能和英国的绘画爱好者顺畅地交流。Such a good command of oral English do I have that I can communicate smoothly with British painting lovers.(利用倒装句升级句)实
29、战贴士 command后面跟that引导的宾语从句时，从句谓语用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”，以下动词具有相同的用法：一坚持：insist；二命令：order，command；三建议：suggest，advise，recommend；四要求：demand，request，require，desire；再加一个敦促：urge。3request n& vt.请求；要求写作佳句 Our teacher made a request that we should take this opportunity to talk about how we learn English on the
30、Internet.我们的老师要求我们利用这个机会谈谈我们如何在网上学习英语。归纳拓展 (1)make a request for sth./that.请求/要求at ones request应某人的要求(2)request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事request that.(should)do sth.请求It is requested that.(should)do sth.据要求 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空All the students are requested to get (get) involved in the activity.It is requested
31、 (request) that all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions.能力提升一句多译老师要求我们为考试做好充分的准备。Our teacher requested that we (should) be well prepared for the exam.(request that .)Our teacher made a request that we (should) be well prepared for the exam.(request n)Our teacher requested us to
32、be well prepared for the exam.(request sb.to do sth.)实战贴士 动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。4recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认写作佳句 It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems.人们一致认为环境污染已经变成了最严重的问题之一。归纳拓展 (1)recognize sb./ones voice
33、认出某人/听出某人的声音be recognized to be/as.被认为是It is recognized that.人们公认(2)recognition n认出；认识beyond (all) recognition认不出来 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without being recognized (recognize)He is recognized as the representative figure in this field.I went back to
34、my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond recognition (recognize)能力提升句型转换The book is recognized to be one of the greatest works of literature of this century.It is recognized that the book is one of the greatest works of literature of this century.5come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起
35、写作佳句 As soon as the plan came up at the meeting，it attracted many peoples attention.这个计划在会上一被提出，就引起了许多人的注意。归纳拓展come about发生；导致come up with想出；提出come across (偶然)遇见；发现come to总计；达到when it comes to.当谈到 实战演练基础练透一词多义The student came up to his teacher and asked for advice.走近The plan of protecting the enviro
36、nment came up at the meeting last year.被提出The sky was dark blue when the moon came up.升起I planted some seeds in the yard.But they failed to come up.发芽能力提升完成句子When it comes to students surfing the Internet，some people think students can benefit from it.当谈到学生上网，有些人认为学生可以从中获益。Specialists can come up wi
37、th new ways to solve the problem of air pollution.专家们可能会想出解决空气污染问题的新方法。实战贴士 come up的主语是物，表示“(计划、建议、方案等)被提出”，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而come up with的主语是人或团体组织，表示“(某人)提出”，为及物动词短语。6make use of 利用；使用 (use可用good/full/little等词修饰)文化金句 We students as well as our teachers make good use of the gymnasium to do sports
38、after class every day.(2018高考全国卷)每天下课后，我们学生和老师们都充分利用这个体育馆做运动。归纳拓展 (1)充分利用(2)come into use开始被使用be of (great) use (很)有用It is no use/useless doing sth.做某事是没用的 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/单句改错We should make full use of every chance to practise speaking English.Its no use complaining(complain)without taking action.I
39、hope the information will be of great useful to you.usefuluse能力提升句式升级We must make full use of every minute to go over our lessons，for the final examination is coming.Full use must be made of every minute to go over our lessons，for the final examination is coming.(用full use作主语)Every minute must be ma
40、de full use of to go over our lessons，for the final examination is coming.(用every minute作主语)实战贴士 make use of 短语的构成特点为：动词名词介词；需要关注两种考查方式：(1)把use提前，使用被动语态；(2)把use提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。7more.than. “与其说倒不如说”教材原句 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而不是我们今天所说的英语。归纳拓展
41、 (1)more than数词或从句超过more than形容词非常more than名词不只是；不仅是(2)no more than只不过；仅仅not more than不超过；至多 实战演练基础练透补全句子In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent (超过55%)(2019高考浙江卷)History is much more than the study (不仅仅是研究) of dusty old objects and events long past.(201
42、9高考天津卷)I am more than delighted (非常高兴) to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend.The beauty of the Summer Palace is more than I can describe (我无法描述的)能力提升词汇升级Id be very grateful if you could accept my invitation.more than实战贴士 more.than.结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。more和than后接
43、两个并列成分。8no such单数名词，意为“没有这样的”教材原句 Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。归纳拓展 (1)no such单数名词as.“没有像这样的” (2)such与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面；与all，no，some，any，few，little，many，much，several，one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。(3)suchthat.“如此以至于”(4)such.as.“像这样的”，as 在句中引导定语从句 实战演练基础练透对比填空(t
44、hat/as)Its such a difficult problem as we cant work out.Its such a difficult problem that we cant work it out.能力提升完成句子/句式升级There is no such thing as failure.That is just life trying to move us in another direction.世上没有失败，那不过是生活想让我们换个方向罢了。He is such a good professor that everyone respects him.Such a
45、good professor is he that everyone respects him.(用倒装结构升级句子)实战贴士在“no such单数名词”结构中，单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a(n)单数名词”。授课提示：对应学生用书第15页教材与高考.阅读理解障碍词 1阅读词汇认知(2020 高考天津卷)Now I know who I am! Im Tysons little brother, but thats only part of my identity.n.身份(2020高考全国卷)Because the moons body blocks direct ra
46、dio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.vt.阻挡(江西卷)Large football clubs benefit financially from TV income and the top players can command very large salaries.vt.赢得(2017高考浙江卷)Some i
47、mmigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs，such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration (融合)n.本国人2一词多义(2019高考天津卷)Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection, Mabry thanked them all.“Theyre like my child
48、ren，”Mabry said.BA词语B表示； 表达 (2018高考北京卷)Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the selfdriving minibus.AAn.街区Bn.一块(木头、石头等)Cn.栋；座；幢(北京卷)Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，bouncing it away from its origina
49、l path.A A直的B正直的C诚实的.语言运用高频点1语法填空(2020高考天津卷)It was so good to feel accepted for what Im good at.For the first time in my life，I actually (actual) felt cool.(2019高考全国卷)Data collected from the device could be used to recognize (recognize) different participants based (base) on how they typed，with very
50、 low error rates.(2019高考全国卷)But then we got an official (office) letter and we were blown away.(2019高考全国卷)However，within a few years，street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern (east) cities.(2019天津3月高考)A wide smile emerged from his blank expression (express)How beautiful his smile wa
51、s!(2019高考天津卷)On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say theyre not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break.2完形填空(2020高考浙江卷)I couldnt see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to
52、 me. AabandonedBapproachedCrecognizedDrepaired解析：此处指“我”没有看到Don，但当“我”靠近拖拉机时，他跳到了路上。approach走近，靠近。答案：B(2017高考江苏卷)For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all.In his first years of high school，Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students，struggling across the campus with thei
53、r heavy instrument cases， 37 at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there.Arising upBcoming upCdriving upDturning up解析：此处表示出现在学校。turn up “出现”；rise up “升起”；come up “上来；发生”；drive up “抬高，使上升”。答案：D.书面表达亮点练1(四川卷)作为一个以中文为母语的人，我的中文讲得很清晰流利，我的老师们对我的中文口语评价很高。(native，fluent)As a native Chine
54、se speaker，I can speak Chinese clearly and fluently，and my teachers think highly of my spoken Chinese.2(2019高考全国卷)得知你们美术馆要举办中国画展览，我非常高兴申请成为这次活动的志愿者。(more than)Learning that your gallery will hold a Chinese painting exhibition，I am more than glad to apply to be a volunteer for the event.3(2020高考浙江卷)毫
55、无疑问，你有足够的资格和经验来表达你的想法，因为你有丰富的技能。(because of)There is no doubt that you are qualified enough and experienced in presenting your ideas, because of your abundant skills.素养与落实用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文假定你是李华，你的朋友Tom因为受“汉语热”的影响决心学习汉语，来信向你咨询。请你给他写封回信，说明“汉语热”的原因，并提出几条学习汉语的建议。Step 1补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)目前，有很多外国人学习
56、汉语，因为中国在世界上起着越来越重要的作用。At present，there are a number of foreigners learning Chinese，because China is playing an increasingly important part in the world.精通汉语，你就能更好地了解中国这个有着5 000多年历史的国家。With a good command of Chinese，you will get a better understanding of China，a country with a history of more than 5,
57、000 years.至于学习汉语的建议，我想说世界上没有免费的午餐。As for the advice of learning Chinese，I would say there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.说一口流利的中文应该以勤奋为基础。Speaking fluent Chinese/Speaking Chinese fluently should be based on hard work.利用一切机会练习汉语，你用得越多，你就学得越好。Make use of every opportunity/chance to prac
58、tise Chinesethe more you use Chinese，the better you will learn it.即使在学习汉语时会出现许多问题，你也不应该放弃。Even if/though many problems may come up in learning Chinese，you should not give up.Step 2升级平淡句1利用“that is because.”句式升级句At present，there are a number of foreigners learning Chinese，and that is because China is playing an increasingly important part in the world.2利用强调句式升级句It is with a good command of Chinese that you will get a better understanding of China，a country with a history of more than 5,000 years.
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