1、必修3Unit 5 GrammarNoun clauses asthe appositiveTo learn the noun clauses as the appositive语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。the use of a noun phrase immediately after another noun phrase that refers to the same person or thingMr.Smith,our new teacher,is very ki
2、nd to us.Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brothers.We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.()()()These clauses are also used as apposition.同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分,其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句多用that引导,也可用whether,或连接副词when/where/why/how引导。1.There is no doubt tha
3、t the boxes were then put on a train for Knigsberg,which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.(必修2)2.No one could account for the factthat one of the boxes was extremely heavy.(新概念2 L46)Lets read more examples.3.When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-fi
4、ve miles south of London,they were not taken seriously.(新概念3 L1)4.One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular beliefthat they have nine lives.(新概念3 L9)5.She reluctantly came to the conclusionthat Bessie was drunk.(新概念3 L49)6.Bagrit dismissed the idea that computers would lear
5、n to think for themselves and would rule the world,which people liked to believe in those days.(新概念3 L51)7.they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people.(新概念4 L25)1.There is no doubt _ the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg,which was at that time a German c
6、ity on the Baltic Sea.2.No one could account for the fact _ one of the boxes was extremely heavy.3.When reports came into London Zoo _ a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London,they were not taken seriously.thatthatthatgoReady?4.One of the things that fascinates us most about cat
7、s is the popular belief _ they have nine lives.5.She reluctantly came to the conclusion _ Bessie was drunk.6.Bagrit dismissed the idea _ computers would learn to think for themselves and would rule the world,which people liked to believe in those days.7.they are not prepared even to admit the possib
8、ility _ noise affects people.thatthatthatthat8.The thought _ they could cross the whole continent was exciting.9.Some people have the idea _ they can cross Canada in less than five days,but they forget the fact _ Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.10.The girls were surprised at the fact
9、_ ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.thatthatthatthat以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。同位语从句appositive clause在复合句中，从句作某一名词的同位语，该从句被称为同位语从句。The fact that we cannot travel faster than lightmeans that it will take a long time to reach those planets.He cant answer the
10、question how he got the money.I have no idea where he comes from.同位语从句常放在抽象名词，如fact,idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,reply,answer,thought等之后，以具体说明这些词的含义。1.that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，无具体意义，不能省略。连接词引导同位语从句的词有：that,whether,what,who,whom,whose,when,where,how等。Li Li asked me the question w
11、hether the novel was worth reading.2.whether引导同位语从句，意为“是否”，不能用if代替。They were surprised at the news that theirteam had won.3.连接代词和连接副词引导同位语从句，在从句中作成分。1.间隔式同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，有些情况下，同位语从句和名词被其他词隔开。特殊形式Word came that the concert had been put off.An idea occurred to her that she could tryanother w
12、ay.2.在某些名词(如demand,suggestion,wish,advice,request,proposal,order等)后的同位语从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。We followed his advice that we(should)turn to our teacher for help.We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing.I can understand their wishes that they(should)have a
13、 holiday.同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句定语从句性质实例定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴The news that our team has won the game is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)同位语从句定语从句先行词实例同位语从句前面的名词只能是id
14、ea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等抽象名词定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句He told me the news that he would come home from abroad soon.Word came that he had been abroad.Our team has won the game,which made us very happy.(同位语从句)(定语从句)(同位语从句)同位语从句
15、定语从句引导词实例引导同位语从句的词有：that,whether,what,who,whom,whose,when,where,how等。that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，无具体意义，在从句中不作成分，不能用which代替，且不能省略。有些引导词如how,whether,what不能引导定语从句。that引导定语从句时，不但起连接作用，而且在从句中作成分，作宾语时可以省略The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释t
16、hat虽不作成分,但不能省略)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)1.The news that we had successfully sent2.up another communication satellite 3.spread throughout the world.2.Please tell me the reason why yo
17、u missed the plane.3.Thats the best piece of news Ive heard.判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。定语从句定语从句同位语从句4.Is there any hope that he will be home at 7:30?5.The possibility that you referred to doesnt exist at all.6.The fact that we talked about is very important.7.There is a strong possibility that we may be
18、 in France for the next week.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句Review在主从复合句中，用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词(如fact,idea,news,doubt等)的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词，引导同位语从句的词有连词that，连接副词how,when,where等。1.The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016 天津)2.The only way to succeed at
19、the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.(2013浙江)3.Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.(2012重庆)用适当的连接词完成句子。thatthatthat4.There is much truth in the idea _ ki
20、ndness is usually served by frankness.(2012上海)5.When the news came _ the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army.(2011辽宁)6.We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.(2009重庆)thatthatthat1.At lunch time,the radio weatherman reported that t
21、he mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.3.What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything.4.The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity.Appositive ClauseObject ClausePredicative ClauseII.Fin
22、d clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them.Predicative ClauseSubject Clause1.We were excited at the news.2.Our football team had won the match.3.2.They have made a new plan.4.Another experiment building will be put 5.up beside the library.We were excited at the news that o
23、ur football team had won the match.They have made a new plan thatanother experiment building will be put up beside the library.Combine the two sentences together.3.They had the question.Could he pass the final exam?4.The problem has been solved.Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm?T
24、hey had the question whether he could pass the final exam.The problem why so many areas were flooded during the heavy stormhas been solved.阅读下面短文，按照上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填上适当的单词。Sometimes a person may have an idea about himself _ will prevent him doing a good job.He may have the belief _ he is not able to do
25、 it.A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand _ to make the best use of his mental faculties.Older people may think _ they are too old to learn anything new because of their old age.thatthathowthatA person who believes _ he is unable will not make a real effort,because he feels _ will be useless.He wont work with the confidence necessary for success,and he wont work hard.He is therefore likely to fail,and the failure will strengthen his belief in his incompetence.thatitFinish the exercises in Learning English.
