1、2006年高考英语第二轮语法专题复习一、冠词The Article知识要点：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. P
2、lease pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, hav
3、e a good time, for a while, for a long time等。5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。二、定冠词的用法：1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如：Beijing is
4、the capital of China.The pen on the desk is mine.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：Where is the teacher?Open the window, please.3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如：There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.The baby was thin.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun.5、用在序数词和形容词最高
5、级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class.6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Childrens Palace, the Party等。7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the
6、day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：the Peoples Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：the poor, the
7、 wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如：The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).三、零冠词（即不用冠词）：1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如：Go down this street.3、复数名
8、词表示一类人或事物时。如：We are students.I like reading stories.4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：Teachers Day, Childrens Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。Today is New Years Day.It is Sunday.March 8 is Womens Day.5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：Whats the matter, Granny?We elected him monitor.6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：at noon, at night
9、, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：She goes to school after breakfast every morning.We are going to play football.We usually have lunch at school.8
10、、科目前不加。如：We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 【专项训练】：1、 We cant live withoutair.Aan B Cthe Dsome2、Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.Aa; theBthe; theCthe; aDa; a3、Ive been waiting for him forhour andhalf.A; Bthe; aCa; theDan
11、; a4、Whatfine weather we have today!Aa B CsomeDan5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one?Aa treeBsuch treeCan treeDtree6、Children usually go toschool atage of six.A; theBa; anCthe; Dthe; the7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld.A; the;BThe; the; the CA; a; aD;8、They each have _book. Li Huas is abou
12、t writer. Wang Lins is on science.Aa; a; Bthe; ; the C; the; Da; the; a9、Physics is science of matter and energy.AThe; B; C; theDA; a10、 sun rises ineast and sets in west.AA; an; aBThe; CThe; the; the DA; the; a11、Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.Aa;
13、Bthe; anCthe; theD; the12、 _Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was inbad temper. A;a BA;CThe; theDA; a13、They were atdinner then. It wasdelicous one.Aa; theB;C;a Da; a14、what kind of car do you want to buy?A Bthe Ca Dan15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry
14、is interested in listening to music.A; theB;Cthe; Dthe; the16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.Athe; B; theC;Dthe; the17、Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876.A Ba Cthe Done18、Wheres Jack?I think hes still inbed, but he might just be inbathroom.A;Bthe; theCthe; D; the19、Ma
15、ny people are still in habit of writing silly things inpublic places.Athe; theB;Cthe; D; the20、Id like information about the management of your hotel, please.Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.Asome; aBan; someCsome; some Dan; a【答案】：1、Bair是不可数名词。2、D此题为97年高考题。根据句意，第一空是泛指，第
16、一次出现；第二空仍是泛指，且表数量“”。3、D元音前用an。4、Bweather是不可数名词。5、A此题为85年高考题。泛指。6、Ago to school是固定短语。7、B山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。8、A第一、二空泛指，第三空，science是不可数名词。9、C第一空，科目前不加冠词；第二空特指，有定语。10、C11、A第一空，a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍；第二空，trade不可数。12、D第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。（括号里说明，我们俩都不认识这个人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短语，情绪不好。13、C第一空at dinner正在吃饭，固定短语。1
17、4、A泛指15、C此题是89年高考题：乐器前加定冠词；music是不可数名词。16、A此题是90年高考题：stars前应加定冠词；space不可数。17、C此题是91年高考题：发明应是特指。18、D此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语，不加冠词。19、C此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语，固是特指。第二空， public places,公共场所，泛指。20、A此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词；have a word with sb.是固定短语。二、名词Nouns知识要点：一、名词的种类：1、专有名词：1）China, Japan, Beijing, London,
18、Tom, Jack（不加冠词）2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peoples Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。）2、普通名词：1）不可数名词注意：不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如：have a wonderful time.不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形 式。如：fishes,newspapers, waters,snows | | 各种各样
19、的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水积雪有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties困难在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如： a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper.2）可数名词：可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly.The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.有复数形式：a）规则变化加“s”或“es”（与初中同，
20、略）b）不规则变化child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon(phenomena)注意：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）。如， a sheep, two sheepd）只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,e）形复实单：phys
21、ics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means.f）形单实复：people (人民，人们），the police, cattle等g）集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作 为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.h）复合名词变复数时，a）只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如： sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chie
22、f总编辑。 b）如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人 c）woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servantmen servants, a woman doctorwomen doctors二、名词的所有格：1、表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“s”。如：Mikes bag, Childrens Day, my brothers room, womens rights注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：TeachersDay,
23、the workers rest-home（工人疗养院），the students reading-room 2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“s”。如：her son-in-laws photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody elses book（其他任何人的书） 3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“s”； 如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“s”。如：Jane and Helens room. 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）. Bills and Toms radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机（不共有） 4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省
24、去它所修饰的名词。如： the tailors (裁缝铺) the doctors (诊所) Mr Browns (布朗先生的家) 5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“s”表所有格。 如：half an hours walk (半小时的路程)Chinas agriculture (中国的农业)2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：the story of Dr Norman BethuneDo you know the name of
25、 the boy standing at the gate?4、“of词组+所有格”的用法：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一位朋友。some inventions of Edisons 爱迪生的一些发明those exercise-books of the students 学生们的那些练习本。【专项训练】：1、There are only twelve in the
26、 hospital.Awoman doctorsBwomen doctorsCwomen doctor Dwoman doctor2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school.Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-lawsCbrothers-in-lawsDbrothers-in law3、How many does a cow have?Four.Astomaches BstomachCstomachs Dstomachies4、Some visited our school last Wednesda
27、y.AGermanBGermenCGermans DGermens5、The of the building are covered with lots of.Aroofs; leaves Brooves; leafs Croof; leaf Droofs; leafs6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing.AsheepsBsheepesCsheep Dsheepies7、That was a fifty engine.Ahorse power Bhorses powerChorse powers Dhorses power
28、s8、My father often gives me .Amany advice Bmuch advice Ca lot of advices Da few advice9、Mary broke awhile she was washing up.Atea cupBa cup of tea Cteas cup Dcup tea10、Can you give us someabout the writer?Ainformations BinformationCpiece of informations Dpieces information11、I had a cup of and two p
29、ieces of this morning.Ateas; bread Bteas; breadsCtea; breads Dtea; bread12、As is known to us all,travels much faster than .Alights; sounds Blight; soundCsound; light Dsounds; lights13、She told him of all her and.Ahope; fear Bhopes; fearChopes; fears Dhope; fears14、The rising did a lot of to the crop
30、s.Awater; harm Bwater; harmsCwaters; harm Dwaters; harms15、How far away is it from here to your school?Its about .Ahalf an hours drive Bhalf hours drivesChalf an hour drivesDhalf an hour drive16、The shirt isnt mine. Its .AMrs Smith BMrs SmithCMrs Smiths DMrs Smiths17、Miss Johnson is a friend of .AMa
31、rys motherBMarys mothersCMary mothersDMarys mothers18、Last week I called at my .Aaunt BauntsCauntsDauntes19、The beach is a throw.AstoneBstonesCstonesDstones20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.APeterBPeterCPetersDPeters【答案】：1、B2、A3、Cstomach（胃）虽是“ch”结尾，但其发音为k，所以加“s”，
32、不用加“es”。4、C 5、Aroof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。6、C 7、A名词作定语一般不用复数。8、B9、A根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加“s”。10、B11、D12、B13、C14、C15、A16、D根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。17、D18、C19、Da stones throw是固定短语，意为“近在咫尺”。20、B此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本应用Peters，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此B为正确答案。三、主谓一致Agreement知识要点：在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式
33、应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）The book is on the table.2）He is reading English.3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）4）How you get there is a problem.2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：Children like
34、 to play toys.3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。缫詇ere,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：1）There is a dog near the door.2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.3）Here comes the bus.4）On the wall were two famous paintings.5）Here is Mr Brown and his children.4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, toge
35、ther with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2）He and my father work in the same factory.3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsi
36、ble for the accident.5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6）Every picture except these two has been sold.7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主语如果指的是同
37、一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。（两个人）6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单
38、数形式。如：1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2）No teacher and no student is absent today.今天没有老师和学生缺席。3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Each takes a cup of tea.2）Either is correc
39、t.3）Neither of them likes this picture.8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Is everyone here?2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3
40、）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：1）Three years is not a long time.2）Ten dollars is what he needs.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：1）The United States is in North Ameri
41、ca.2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。3）“The Arabian Nights”（天方夜谭）is an interesting book.12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。2）My family are fond of music
42、. 我家人都喜欢音乐。3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。4）The class were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。3）Most of the wood was used to m
43、ake furniture (家具)。14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。15、or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, not onlybut (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：1）Either you or I am go
44、ing to the movies.2）Not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Water is a kind of matter.2）The news at six oclock is true.17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：1）The police are searching for him.2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词
45、用复数。如：1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2）One third of the population here are workers.19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2）A number of st
46、udents have gone for an outing.20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。【专项训练】1、Nothing but cars in the shop.Ais soldBare soldCwere soldDare going to sell2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.AknowBknowsCis knowing Dare known3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the coun
47、tryside.Ais Bare CcomesDare coming4、of the money used up.AThree-five, areBThree-fifths, have beenCThree-fifths, has been DThird-fifths, is5、The number of the people who cars increasing.Aowns, are Bowns, isCown, isDown, are6、One of Marxs works written in English in the 1860s.Awas BwereCwould beDare7、
48、The sheets for your bed washing.AneedsBare needing CwantDare wanting8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.AstandsBgrowCis standing Dare grown9、Some person calling for you at the gate.AareBis Cis beingDwill be10、All that can be eaten eaten up.Aare beingBhas beenChad beenDhave been11、Toms teache
49、r and friend Mr. Smith.Aare Bis Care beingDhas12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.Adoesnt fit Bdont fitCdoesnt fit for Ddont fit for13、Neither he nor I for the plan.Aam Bare Cis Dwere14、Many a student that mistake before.Ahas made Bhave made Chas been made Dhad made15、Peter, perhaps John, playi
50、ng with the little dog.Ais Bare CwereDseems16、Laying eggs the ant queens full-time job.Ais Bare Chas Dhave17、Between the two buildingsa monument.AstandBstandsCstandingDis standing18、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.Aam Bis Care Dwas19、The United Nations in 1945.Awere found Bw
51、ere founded Cwas founded Dwas found20、 were also invited to the party.AMr Smith BThe Smith CThe Smiths DSmiths21、The glass works in 1959.Awere set up Bwas set up Cwere put up Dwere built22、Three hours with your girl friendto be a short time.AseemBseems Cis seemingDhas seemed23、It was reported that s
52、ix including a boy.Awas killed Bwere killed Cwas killing Dhad killed24、The police a prisoner.Ais searching for Bare searching forCis searching Dare searched for25、Deerfaster than dogs.ArunBrunsCare running Dwill run26、The woundedgood care of here now.Ais taken Bare being taken Care takingDis taking2
53、7、The whole class greatly moved at his words.Awas BwereChad Dis28、Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.AwasBis CareDwill be29、There a knife and fork on the table.Aseems to be Bseem to beCis seeming to be Dare30、Those who singing may join us.Aare likingBlikesCenjoyDis fond of31、His fam
54、ily music lovers.Aall areBare allCis Dare being32、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.AwasBis CwereDhad been33、The pair of shoesworn out.Awas BwereChave been Dhad been34、The students in our school each an English dictionary.AhaveBhas Chad Dare having35、More than one answer to the questio
55、n.Ahave been given Bhas been given Cwere given Dhad given36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students whofrom the countryside in our school. Aare Bis CwereDwas37、Our family a happy one.AisBare Cwas Dwere38、Most of the mistakes because of carelessness.Awere made Bare made Chas bee
56、n madeDwere making39、Most of his time in reading novels.Aare spentBis spentCwere spent Dwas spending40、The rest of the novel very interesting.AwereBare Cis Dseem41、I know that all getting on well with her.Awas Bis Care Dwere42、When and where this took place still unknown.Aare BwereCis Dhas43、Not onl
57、y the workers but also the machine not there.Aare BwereCis Dhas44、Very few his address in the town.AknowsBknowCare knowing Dhas known45、Ten thousand dollars a large sum of money.Aare Bis CwereDseem46、Twenty miles a long way to cover.AwereBare Cis Dseem to be47、Nine plus three twelve.AmakesBmakeCis m
58、aking Dare making48、There are two roads and either to the station.AleadsBlead Care leading Dis leading49、My father, together with some of his old friends, there already.Ahave been Bhas beenChad beenDwill be50、My family as well as I glad to see you.Aam Bare Cis Dwas【答案】：1、A因有连词but，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第
59、三人称单数。见讲解4。2、B同上 3、B见讲解2。 4、C见讲解16。5、C定语从句看被修饰的先行词：the number of作主语用单数形式。见讲解9，19。6、A见讲解1。 7、C见讲解2。 8、B倒装句，要看后面的主语。见讲解3。9、Bsome person指“某人”是第三人称单数。见讲解13。10、B 主语“all”指的是“food”，所以代不可数名词，是第三人称单数。见讲解13。11、BToms teacher and friend，因friend前没有冠词，所以实际指的是同一个人。 见讲解5。12、B根据前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指的是“my new clothes”，
60、因 此主语是复数。13、Aneithernor连接主语，动词与后面的主语保持一致。见讲解15。14、A见讲解6。 15、A见讲解4。 16、A见讲解1，动名词作主语。 17、B倒装，见讲解3。 18、A见讲解9。 19、C见讲解11。20、C因谓语动词是复数，所主语应是复，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。21、Bworks在此句中是指工厂，所以是单数。 22、B见讲解10。23、Bsix在这儿指的是人，因此用复数形式。 24、B见讲解17。25、Adeer, sheep是单、复数同形，根据后面的dogs，前面的deer应是复数（单 数前应有a）。 26、B见讲解14。 27、B见讲解12
61、，因人才能受感动，所以the whole class是指全班的成员。 28、C见讲解18。 29、A见讲解5。刀、叉是一副而论，所以看作单数。 30、C见讲解9。 31、B见讲解12。 32、C见讲解4，注意与第11题比较。 33、A因此句主语是pair，所以用单数。34、A因此句主语是the students，所以用复数。如果each作主语，谓语动词则用 第三人称单数形式。如：Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.35、B此句中的主语是one answer，所以谓语动词应与它保持一致。36、B根据句意，这个
62、男孩是学校中唯一来自农村的学生，自然后面的定语从句 的主语是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式，又因主从句时态保持一致，故B 是唯一正确答案。 37、A见讲解12。 38、A见讲解2。39、B见讲解16。40、C这部小说的剩余部分，还没超出“一”，用单数。41、C见讲解13，不定代词all在此句中代“与她相处的人”，所以是复数。42、C见讲解1，when and where this took place是一个从句。43、C见讲解15。 44、Bfew在此代人，是复数。 45、B见讲解10。46、C同上。 47、A同上。 48、A见讲解7。 49、B见讲解4。 50、B四、虚 拟 语 气虚拟语气分三
63、种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句。2、名词性虚拟语气。3、虚拟语气的其他用语。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语过去时，主语should（could, would, 或might）动词原形，如：If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If 主语had过去分词，主语should（could, would, 或might）have过去分词，如：If the doctor had
64、come last night, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：do，主语should（could） 原形 do 过去时（与现在事实条件句一样）。If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you mis
65、sed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意问题：1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own
66、 eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语（should）动词原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 oclock.（宾语从句）We suggested that the meeting should not be held.It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）The suggestion that
67、 he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：1、wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致 主语过去时；与过去愿望不一致 主语had过去分词；与未来愿望不一致 主语would（could）原形。I wish I were you.I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the stat
68、es.I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.2、Its time句型：当Its time后用that从句时应该为：主语should原形 或 主语过去时，例如：Its time that you went to school. 或Its time that you should go to school.3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish宾语从句”If only he could come!他要能来就好了。If only I had known the answer!我要早知答案就好了。4、would rather, as if（t
69、hough）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：Id rather you posted the letter right away.Id rather you had returned the book yesterday.She loves the children as if they were hers.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。Without you, I would
70、 never know him.But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well.But that she was afraid, she would have said no.I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now.I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!【专项训练】1、It
71、 is important that a college studenta foreign language.Awill master BmasterCmastersDwould master2、It is strange that shewithout saying a word.Ashould have gone out BwentCshould go out Dgoes out3、If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.Ahad been, would have preventedBhad been, would prevent
72、Cwere, would preventDwere, would have prevent4、 “He is a brave man.”“Yes, I wish Ihis courage.”AhaveBhad Cwill haveDmay have5、If it rain, the crops would be saved.AshouldBwill Cis going to Dwas to6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.Awas sent Bwould be sentCshould send Dbe sent7、If you
73、the medicine, you better now.Atook, would feelBhad taken, feltChad taken, would feel Dtook, would have felt8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.Ais Bwas CwereDhad been9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.Adidnt doBhadnt doChavent done Dcouldnt do10、Id rather he tomorro
74、w afternoon.Awill come BcomesCcomingDcame答案：1、B2、A3、A4、B5、A6、D7、C8、C9、B10、D五、倒装句英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种 情况:1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:There goes the bell! 铃响了！There lived an old man.Here comes the bus.注意: 在这种情况下倒装仅限于不
75、及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。2、方位状语在句首, 如:In front of the house stopped a police car.Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.Under the tree sat a boy.3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装What does it mean? asked the boy或the boy asked.二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以
76、下数种情况:否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldomNever shall I forget you.At no time was the man aware of what was happening.Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.几对并列连词如not onlybut also, hardly when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装: Not only was everything he
77、had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.注意: not onlybut also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如: Not only you but also I like playing chess.neithernor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装, Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.3、only在句首强调状语, 主
78、句半倒装:Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my fault.Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.注意: only强调主语不倒装:Only the teachers can use the room.4、sothat句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he w
79、ork that he finally won the fame.I saw the film, so did he.1、倒装句（Inversion）英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。一、倒装的类型类型 例句 说明 完 全倒 装 Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。 整个谓语移至主语之前。 部 分倒 装 Seldom does he go to school late.他上学很少迟到。 只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。 二
80、、倒装结构的基本用法1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装情 况 例句 说明 疑问句中 Have you got a dictionary?你有一本字典吗？Where did he go last Monday?上星期一他去什么地方了？Are you listening to the radio?你在听广播吗？Who told you the news?谁告诉你那个消息的？Which boy broke this glass?哪个男孩子把这个玻璃打破了？ 用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序。 “there be”结构中 There are three well
81、s in our village.我们村里有三口水井。There stands a big paper making factory by the river.河边有座大型造纸厂。在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中 Here is a letter for you.这儿有你一封信。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Now comes your turn to play.现在轮到你玩了。Away went the crowd one by one .人们一个一个地离去。Look, there he comes!
82、 看，他来了。Down she went她下来了。 使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。 在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中 I cant swim, nor (neither)can she .我不会游泳，她也不会。He hasnt been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。He did not turn up. No more did his wife. 他没有来，他妻子也没有来。 表示也不这样， neither和nor意思相同，可以替换使用，no m
83、ore表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强。意为也不。用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中 Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .尽管这些贵族很傲慢，他却害怕见我。Young as he is, he knows a lot .虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。 从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though, although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前） 2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）情 况 例句 说明 含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时 Never before have
84、we seen such a sight.以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。Little did I think that he could be back alive.我没有想到他竟能活着回来。Not until New Years Day shall I give you a gift.我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.不仅他所有的一切被没收了，而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。 常用否定词有： never,not,hard
85、ly,scarcely seldom, little, not until, not onlybut also, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely)when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。 副词only放在句首时 Only then did he realize his mistakes .只有在那时，他才认识到自己的错误。Only in this way can you learn maths well .只有用这种方法，你才能学好数学。Only Mother can understand me .只有母亲最理解我。Only three of us failed
86、in the exam.我们中只有三个人考试不及格。 only 起强调作用，其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。虚拟语气条件从句中 Were they here, they would help us .他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的。Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。Should you fail, take more pain and try again.万一你失败了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。把从句中if省略将were，had或
87、should放在主语的前面。 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时 “He is a clever boy”said the teacher.老师说：“他是个聪明的孩子。”“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get help”“走，狄克，走！”汤姆呼喊着，“快回家去求援”“What do you think of the film? ”he asked.他问“你认为这部电影怎么样？”“Im leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。 主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完
88、全倒装。但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。 表示祝愿的句子中 May you succeed!祝你成功。Long live the Communist Party of China.中国共产党万岁！ 谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。 副词so在句首 He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。They will learn chemistry next term, so will I .他们下学期学化学，我也学。I can drive a car, so can my younger brot
89、her.我会开汽车，我弟弟也会开车。 表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。 Tom won the first prize for the English competition.So he did.英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖。确实如此。It was cold yesterday. So it was .昨天天气冷。的确冷。 如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，则不用倒装结构。 在频度状语often, always, many a time等开头的句子中 Often did we warn them not to do so.我们曾多次警告他们不要
90、这样做。Many a time has she helped me with my English.她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首 Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。介词短语作状语，放在句首 In the middle of the room stood a little girl.在房间中央站着一个小女孩。In the dista
91、nce was a horse.马在远处。在强调表语的句子中 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.阿尔伯特曼因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。Such is life. 生活就是这样。Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船。 表语提前，不仅为了强调，而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，或使上下文紧密衔接。 【专项训练】、选择填空1、 that we all went out, ly
92、ing in the sun.AThe weather so fine wasBSo fine was the weatherCSo the weather was fineDSo was fine weather2、Under his arma pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before.AisBare Cwas Dwere 3、who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.ABefore George stood the policemanBBe
93、fore George the policeman stoodCBefore the policeman stood GeorgeDBefore George did the policeman4、Thenwe had been looking forward to .Acame the hourBthe hour cameCcomes the hourDthe hour is coming5、Only when he started to explainthe reason for this.Ashe realized Bdid she realizeCshe had realized Dh
94、ad she realized6、 succeed in doing anything.AOnly by working hard we can BBy only working hard we can COnly by working hard can weDOnly we can by working hard7、Not for a moment the truth of your story.Ahe has doubted Bhe doubtsCdid he doubt Dhe did doubt8、Nowhere else in the world cheaper tailoring
95、than in Hong Kong.Aa tourist can findBcan a tourist findCa tourist will findDa tourist has found9、Hardlywhen the bus suddenly pulled away.Athey had got to the bus-stopBthey got to the bus-stopCdid they get to the bus-stopDhad they got to the bus -stop10、Mary doesnt speak French, and does Joan.Anot B
96、neitherCeither Dso11、Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?I dont know, .Anor dont I careBnor do I careCI dont care neitherDI dont care also12、Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.Aman did know Bman knew Cdidnt man knowDdid man know13、After that we never saw her again nor
97、 from her.Adid we hear Bwe heardChad we heard Dwe have heard14、John won the first prize in the contest. .ASo he did.BSo did he.CSo he did, too. DSo did he, too.15、,he doesnt study well.AAs he is clever BHe is as cleverCClever as he is DAs clever he is 16、You can never use my tape recorder. time shou
98、ld you touch that machine.AAt noBAt any CAny DNo17、Scarcely the room the phone rang.AI had enteredwhen BHad I enteredthenChad I enteredwhen Dhave I enteredwhen18、Onlysave his life.Acan the doctor Bthe doctor canCwill the doctor Dcould the doctor19、Hardly anybodythe boy , because he is rude.Adoes lik
99、e BlikesCdo likeDlike20、So wellthat the teacher praised her.Ashe had done her homeworkBher homework had been doneCdid she do her homeworkDshe did her homework21、Only when to know him will you get along with him.Ado you come Bwill you comeCyou comeDyou will come22、Out , gun in hand.Adid he rush Brush
100、ed heChe rushedDhad he rushed23、He had promised me to come to the party ,and .Aso did heBso he didCso he wouldDso would he24、Into the sky the light blue smoke.Awent up Bup went Cdid go up Dhad gone up25、Littleabout his own life at the meeting.Adid he talkBhe talkedChe was talkingDhad he talked26、Und
101、er no circumstancesfirst use nuclear weapons.Awill ChinaBChina willCdoes ChinaDdo China27、 taken that examination, she could have passed it .AWere she BHad she be able toCIf she would have DHad she28、 tomorrow , we would put off the match till next Monday.AShould it rained BWere it to rainCIf it wou
102、ld rainDHad it rained29、Look, here .AMr. Brown comesBdoes Mr. Brown comeCcomes Mr. Brown DMr. Brown has come30、Oftenus good advice.Adid she giveBshe did giveCshe gave Dshe has given31、Not until I began to workhow much time I had wasted.Adidnt I realizeBdid I realizeCI didnt realizeDI realize32、Littl
103、e about his own safety , though he was in great danger himself.Adoes he careBdid he careChe cares Dhe cared33、 began our new lesson.AButBThus CSuchDSo that34、By no means look down upon the poor.Awe shouldBwe should not Cdo weDshould we35、Only when30 years old to learn English.Awas he , did he beginB
104、he was , he beganCwas he , he began Dhe was ,did he begin36、Not oncetheir plan.Adid they change Bthey changedCchanged theyDthey did changed37、“Its very hot today.”“ .”ASo it is BSo is itCSo does itDSo it does 38、A fish needs water and without water it will die.ASo does a manBSo will a manCSo it is w
105、ith a man DSo is it with a man 39、They arrived at the farmhouse, in front of which .Asat a small boyBa small boy satCis sitting a small boy Da small boy sitting40、Society has changed and in it .Aso have the people Bso the people haveCthe people have soDhave the people so、改错41、Only when was he 50 yea
106、rs old did he begin to learn French.42、Little she knew Tom was was badly ill 43、Turn to the right and there are you.44、And all around the fox in a circle was dogs.45、You can learn English well.So can we.46、I dare climb this tall tree, but do you?47、Not once he kept his promise.48、Many a time he has
107、given us some good advice.49、Such a noise there was that I couldnt work in the room.50、Only does my mother understand me.【答案】：、1、B2、C3、A4、A5、B6、C7、C8、B9、D10、B11、B12、D13、A14、A15、C16、A17、C18、B19、B20、C21、C22、C23、B24、A25、A26、A27、D28、B29、C30、A31、B32、B33、B34、D35、D36、A37、A38、C39、A40、A 、41、was he he was 倒装主
108、句不倒装从句。42、She knewdid she know 此句为半倒装句。43、are you you are 此句为全部倒装句如主语是代词则不倒装。44、waswere主语是dogs 。45、so we can 主语we与上一句中的主语you所指相同故不同倒装。46、do youdare you 前面句中用情态，后面要呼应。47、he keptdid he keep48、he hashas he 49、50、去掉does，将understand改为understands。only后面跟状语倒装，后跟主语不倒装。六、并列句知识要点：1、熟悉并掌握并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法；2、注意w
109、hile, when 和 for等作并列连词的用法。什么叫并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。并列句的基本句型：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句类型 说明 连接词 例句 并 并列关系(联合关系) and, not onlybut(also), neithernor等 I help him and he helps me. 我帮助他，他也帮助我。Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her. 我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。Neither I would consult him nor he woul
110、d ask me for advice. 我不想与他商量，他也不会征求我的意见。 列 转折关系 but, yet, still, while, however, when等 He failed many times, but he didnt despair. 他失败多次但并没有气馁。She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress. 她学习英语有困难，然后她学习努力，进步很快。 选择关系 or, otherwise or else, eitheror We
111、must hurry, or well miss the train. 我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。 句 因果关系 for, so, thus, therefore, and so We had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。He didnt work hard, therefore he failed in the examination. 他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。 有
112、时也可不用连词，而用逗号，分号或冒号 Hurry up, its getting dark. 快点，天要黑了。Lets start early, we have a long way to go. 我们要早动身，因为路很远。 注意：（1）yet和still是连接副词，也叫半连接词。它们是副词。又起连接作用，但不如and, but, or等强，用了yet或still，前面还可加and或but。He is tired, (but) still he will make another experiment. 他很累，但他仍然要做另一个实验。I got up very early, (and) yet I failed to catch the first bus. 我起得很早，然而还是没有赶上头班车。（2）while意义相当于at the same time表示相反和对照，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。I like football, while my sister likes basketball. 我喜欢足球，而我姐姐喜欢篮球。when = and then, j
