1、 专题15 短文改错【易错雷区，步步为赢】 Passage 1(2015新课标全国) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would b
2、e happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously
3、problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，well live to regret it.答案When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my ho
4、me in countryside.There the air is clean the mountains are green.Unfortunately， the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very problem.The we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. rare animals are d
5、ying out.We must ways to protect environment.If we fail to do so，well live to regret it.答案第2句：thinkthought2.解析考查冠词的用法。in the countryside (在乡村)为固定短语。答案第3句：countryside前加the答案第4句：orand4.解析考查介词的用法。with the development of.为一固定短语，意思是“随着的发展”。答案第5句：onwith5.解析考查被动语态的用法。众多研究表明，全球变暖已经成为一个十分严重的问题。由句意可知，studies和
6、谓语show之间为主动关系，故要用主动语态。答案第6句：去掉been6.解析考查形容词的用法。修饰名词problem应当用形容词。答案第6句：seriouslyserious7.解析考查不可数名词的用法。air作“空气”讲时为不可数名词。答案第7句：airsair8.解析考查代词的用法。Animals为可数名词复数，故用many。答案第8句：MuchMany9.解析考查情态动词的用法。情态动词后面要接动词原形。答案第9句：foundfind10.解析考查语境中代词的用法。依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知your与上下文相悖，结合句意应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺。答案第9句：yourour
7、Passage 2(2015新课标全国) One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was
8、 scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.答案One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with hi
9、s .It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy a shop window.He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop.After at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.Tony was scared and to cry.A woman saw him crying and him to wait outside shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw p
10、arents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.答案第1句：parentparents2.解析考查介词的用法。玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的，故用介词in。答案第3句： onin3.解析考查固定句型的用法。由语境可知，托尼非常喜欢这个玩具，于是快速走进商店。so.that.为固定句型，意思是“如此以致于”，故去掉very。答案第4句： 去掉very4.解析考查省略的用法。After之后省去了主语he，he与
11、look at之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应当用现在分词。答案第5句： lookslooking5.解析考查宾语从句连接词的用法。动词found之后为宾语从句，从句为系表结构，意思完整，故将where去掉或改为没有词义且不作成分的that。答案第5句： 去掉where或wherethat6.解析考查并列谓语的用法。由句子结构可知，begin与was scared并列，因此，要用一般过去时。答案第6句：begunbegan7.解析考查并列谓语的用法。有一位妇女看到他哭泣就告诉他去商店外面等。由句意可知，tell这一动作是这个妇女发出的，应当与saw构成并列谓语。故改用told。答案第7句：tell
12、ingtold8.解析考查冠词的用法。表示谈话双方共知的名词前要用定冠词。答案第7句：athe9.解析考查物主代词的用法。根据句意及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前加上与主语相一致的物主代词。答案第8句：saw后加his答案第10句：terribleterriblyPassage 3(2015四川) Hi, Janice，Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.As I tel
13、l you last time, I made three new friend here.We hang out together during lunch and after school.Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.And I started to see this as a timewasting activity! In fact，I dont like to go anymore, so I
14、m afraid Ill lose their friendship.How do you think I should do? If you are me，would you talk to him?Please help with me and give me some advice.Grace答案Hi, Janice，Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want to share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.As I y
15、ou last time, I made three new here.We hang out together during lunch and after school.Weve been spending a lot of time in karaoke bars.Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me .And I started to see this as a timewasting activity! In fact，I dont like to go anymore, Im afraid Ill lose thei
16、r friendship. do you think I should do? If you me，would you talk to ？Please help me and give me some advice.Grace1.解析考查动词want的用法，want后用不定式作状语，故加上to。答案want后加to2.解析考查时态。根据时间状语last time可知，此句需用一般过去时，故把tell改成told。句意：正如我上次告诉你的那样。答案telltold3.解析考查名词的复数。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。句意：我
17、在这儿交了三个新朋友。答案friendfriends4.解析考查动名词作宾语。本句考查句型spend.(in)doing sth结构，故把sing改成singing。答案singsinging5.解析考查代词。根据句意，指的是花费很多钱，故用much而非many。句意：那真的花费很多。答案manymuch答案sobut7.解析考查疑问词的选择。本句中do之后缺少宾语，故用what。答案HowWhat8.解析考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实不符，故把are改成were。句意：如果你是我，。答案arewere9.解析考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them。句意
18、：你会和他们说吗？答案himthem10.解析考查动词。动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去掉with。句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。答案去掉withPassage 4(2015陕西) My soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help.Mum taught me some b
19、asic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really well.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.At a party，my coach，with a biscuit in his mouth，asked surprisingly who made them and joked，“I might have to retir
20、e again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!答案My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the biscuits in the world，so I to ask her for
21、help.Mum taught me some basic of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really .My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor I was packing them up.At party，my coach，with a biscuit in his mouth，asked surprisingly who made them and joked，“I might have
22、to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me the biscuits with happy laughter!答案去掉in2.解析something用在肯定句中，表示“一些事”，anything“任何事”。答案anythingsomething3.解析我的妈妈做了世界上最好吃的饼干，此处不是比较含义，应是最高级(best)。答案betterbest4.解析全文的时态都是一般过去时，故把decide改为d
23、ecided。答案decidedecided5.解析根据前面的some，step应该是复数形式。答案stepsteps6.解析作表语的是形容词good，well是副词，作状语。答案wellgood7.解析我唯一所犯的错误就是当我包装饼干的时候，掉在地上一些。when/while当的时候，after 在之后。答案afterwhen/while8.解析此处表特指，at the party 在晚会上。答案athe9.解析动词不定式表示目的，我也许得再退休一次，能吃到更多的饼干。答案just后加to10.解析and连接两个并列的(动)名词，enjoy是动词，所以改成enjoying。答案enjoyen
24、joying【名师点睛，易错起源】一般情况下，短文改错题会出现以下十个易错点点睛。1.一致关系的错误短文改错题所涉及的一致关系主要包括主渭一致、时态一致、代词指代一致、动词时态与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致等。2.连接手段的错误高考英语短文改错命题的一个重要方面就是考查连接手段。连词使用不当会造成上下文无法衔接。英语中的词与词、句与句必须使用并列或从属连词将其连接起来，要判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步，从而选择相应的连词。若为复合句，首先判断属:厂何种从句，然后根据主从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否准确或是否有遗漏或多余的现象。3.平行结构的错误在表达相互平行的概念时
25、，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词对应，形容词与形容词对应，分词与分词对应，不定式与不定式对应，短语与短语对应。它经常借助于并列连词and，or，but或连词词组not only.but also.，not.but.，either.or.，neither.nor.，as well as等。4.非谓语动词形式上的错误主要考查不定式符号to的多余或遗漏；to是介词还是不定式符号的辨认(后跟动词原形还是动名词)；现在分词与过去分词的区别。5.多余词汇的错误主要考查程度副词或频率副词，如much，more，often等是否多余。关系代词或关系副词所代替的词是否重复出现。6.冠词使用的错误由于汉语中没
26、有冠词，学生对它的用法感到难以掌握，所以高考英语短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有。常见的错误类型有:不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词；不定冠词a与定冠词the的错误使用；固定搭配中的冠词错误等等。7.名词的数与格的错误汉语中的名词在形式上没有复数的变化，而通过在其前加数词来表示。英语则不同，除了在名问前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须将该名词变成复数形式。近几年NMET常考查考生对名词单复数的掌握情况。8.词语搭配的错误主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词与动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后缺少介词，英语中的一些固定句型及习惯搭配等。9.词性分辨的
27、错误词在句中的位置及与其他词所形成的修饰与被修饰的关系决定了其正确形式，词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用与之相匹配的词性。10.行文逻辑上的错误短文改错中的行文逻辑错误是最难改的一种错误。因为要识别和改出某种错误，考生必须细读全文，在理解短文中心思想、掌握全文逻辑发展顺序的基础上，作出正确判断。下面，我们以典型例题试题中几道有代表意义的短文改错题来分析一下这些种类的错误形式。1. 短文改错My car just wouldnt move any further. It was complete1. dead， and I was a few miles far away from anywher
28、e on a cold 2. wet night. I decided walk around a little before accepting Id 3. have to spend the night in the ear. Maybe I can find a4. telephone. Actually， I didnt have to walk far before I5. found a small house standing on a field with a light6. shone from the sitting room. I knocked at the door
29、and7. was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the8. door but listened to my story carefully. He said he had9. no telephone， and it wasnt one within walking distance，10. but offered to come and look at my car.4.call改为could.一致关系的错误。文章是叙述过去发生的事情，应用过去时。5.此行正确。6.on改为in词语搭配的错误。in a field是习惯搭配。7.shon
30、e改为shining.非谓语动词形式上的错误。结构with a light shining中宾语light和宾补之间是主动关系，用现在分词。8.delighting改为delighted.非谓语动词形式上的错误。这类词汇当主语是人时，该用过去分词做表语。9.but改为and.连接手段的错误。两个动作之间不是转折关系。10.it改为there.一致关系的错误。这里当是表示“存在有”的there be句型。2.My sister found a bird on the roadside. We named himJack and keep him for about three years. He
31、 would greet us1. in a tree outside our bedroom， calling “Hello” as we lay in2. bed in a morning. He also passed Hello to the cats when3. they came into the room. We often played a trick on himself.4. Wed throw a coin as far as possibly. Jack would fly away5. and bring it back for us throw again. He
32、 would also catch6. the food throwing to him from the other side of the room and7. sing happily. But for the most wonderful thing about Jack8. were his musical ability. Leaving him at home all day， we9. would return at night to hear that hed picked up from theradio in the day.10. 解析： 1.keep改为kept.一致
33、关系的错误。文章是叙述过去发生的事情，应用过去时。2.此行正确。3.a改为the.冠词使用的错误。这里是表示“在早上”，短语中应使用定冠词。4.himself改为him.词性分辨的错误。是指“他们捉弄鸟”。5.possibly改为possible.词语搭配的错误。短语as far as possible是习惯搭配。6.throw前加to.非谓语动词形式上的错误。不定式作目的状语，符号to不能省略。3. Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over 1. the world men and woman， boys
34、 and girls enjoy sports. Since2. long ago， many adults and children called their friends together 3. to spend hours， even days play games. One of the reasons people 4. like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In otherwords，5. they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people a
35、re6. playing games， they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities 7. for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy. 8. Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American9. big cities， thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.10. 6.feel改为
36、feeling.非谓语动词形式上的错误。短语keepfeelinggood，keep省略了。7.how改为why.连接手段的错误。按照文意是表示“为什么”这样。8.make改为makes一致关系的错误。非谓语动词充当主语时，谓语动词用单数。9.去掉the冠词使用的错误。短语the others是“其余的人”，这里指的是“别人”。10.sell改为buy行文逻辑上的错误。根据文意是“买票看球赛”。4. 短文改错 Henry Royce did not like his car， that ran badly and often1. broke down. So he decided to mak
37、e a best car himself，2. and in 1904 he produced his first new model. Charles Rolls，3. a car maker， was very interested in Royces car， but soon4. Rolls arid Royce go into business together. One of their first5. model was the Silver Ghost. In 1907， a Silver Ghost broke the 6. worlds record by drive 14
38、，371 miles without breaking down7. once. After the drive， it was cost just over 2 to put the car8. back into perfect condition. This is not surprising that the Silver 9. Ghost was regarded “the best car in the world”. 10. 解析：1.that改为which.连接手段的错误。非限制性定语从句的引导词不能用that.2.best改为better.一致关系的错误。意为“好一点的”，不
39、是最好的，用比较级。3.此行正确。4.but改为and.连接手段的错误。两个动作之间不是转折关系而是递进关系。10.regarded后加as固定搭配的错误。短语regard as意为“把认为看作”。5.短文改错There are advantage for students to work while1. studying at school. One of them was that 2. _they can earn money， for the most part. 3. students working to earn money for their own 4. _ use. Ear
40、ning their own momey allow them 5. _ to spend on anything as if they please. 6. _ They would have to ask thier parents for 7. _ money or for permission to do things by 8. _ the money. Some students may also to save 9. _ up for our college or future use. 10. _4.working改为work.非谓语动词用法错误。此处应用谓语动词。5.allo
41、w改为allows.主谓一致错误。非谓语动词作主语时谓语用单数形式。6.去掉if连接词错误。as if意为 “似乎”。7.would后加not.逻辑意义错误。自己挣钱就没有必要向父母要钱了。8.by改为with.介词用法错误。“用这些钱”当用介词with。9.去掉to.非谓语动词错误。情态动词may后用动词原形。10.our改为their.代词一致错误。从文可以看出作者称学生们时用第三人称。6.短文改错Dear Mr. Brown，I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1. Before you came to teach us， I h
42、ad not interest in 2. English. My pronunciation was terribly. I could 3. only speak a few words. But one and a half year later. 4. I now think English fun to learn. I got a lost from your 5. encouraging words. I will always remember what you 6. said， “If you try to， you can be No. 1 !”I hope youve 7
43、. had peasant journet home and will come to China 8. again sometimes in the future. I will write again 9. and send you the photos we take together. 10. Yours sincerely， Li Min7.去掉to.非谓语动词用法错误。此处应该省略to。8.journey前加a.冠词用法错误。journey是可数名词。9.sometimes改为sometime.副词用法错误。Sometime表示未来的某个时候。10.take改为took.时态用法错
44、误。寄去的照片是以前照的，故用过去时。【名师点睛，易错起源】易错点一 “不一致性”错误主要包括：主、谓语不一致； 时态不一致； 语态不一致； 名词的单、复数不一致； 代词指代不一致； 搭配不一致等。例 1、Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for(of) you to let us bring Annes friend， Gina.【解析】考查时态一致。have改为had。原文的主时态是过去时，因此have也要用相应的过去时态。例 2 、They finally dropped Gina off at h
45、er parents and made our own way to(toKG1mm) home.【解析】考查代词的指代一致。They 改为We。根据语境可知，叙述的是我们做的事，所以用We。例 3、There had been a terrible accident on the highway and， for(as) a result， there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile.【解析】考查名词的单、复数一致。mile是可数名词，并且前面是six，故mile改为miles。易错点二 “行文逻辑”错误。这种错误主要是运用行
46、文逻辑考查连接手段。谨记两种句式：并列句(并列连词)，复合句(从属连词); 六种关系：转折关系，选择关系，层递关系，并列关系，因果关系，同位关系； 一种变化：语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定，方位与时空的转移等。例 4、Mom， though I may often say it， I do love you. Nobody can take your part in my heart.例 5、I think， we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water.【解析】考查行文逻辑。though
47、改为because/since/as。根据前后语境，此处应表示因果关系而非让步转折关系。例 6 、In the end， we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.【解析】考查行文逻辑。unless改为until/till。根据前后语境可知。易错点三 “平行结构”错误平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配，短语与短语相配。平行结构经常借助于并列连词a
48、nd，but，or或连词词组not onlybut also，notbut，eitheror，neithernor，as well as等。例 7 、For example， how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television on? 【解析】考查平行谓语结构。leave改为left。根据句法，leave在时态上应和walked保持一致。例 8、 Do some nice things for your parentslike cooking， doing the dishing， or
49、 clean the floors. 【解析】考查平行宾语结构。clean改为cleaning。根据句法，clean和cooking， doing一样作介词like的宾语。例 9、On the other hand， 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers， and buy plants and young trees.【解析】考查平行不定式结构。buy前加to。根据句法，buy应和to pay保持一致。易错点四 “词性、词形”错误主要包括名词
50、的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。要弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系，比如：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。 例10、Whenever I think of the old days， I feel very happily.【解析】考查“词性”错误。happily改为happy， 此处是形容词作表语。例 11 、And after many attempts， she past her driving test and told her husband that 【解析】考查“词形”错误。past改为passed。两个词发音上一样，此处作谓语应用passe
51、d。例 12、 “but I still couldnt get used to itin fact， Ive nearly killed three peoples.” 【解析】考查“词形”错误。peoples改为people。people是集合名词，本身表示复数意义，不需加“s”。易错点五 “动词的变化”错误主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。例 13、Third， we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing， especially bath water 例 14、 I no
52、tice(d) Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman.【解析】考查非谓语动词。occupy改为occupied。此处是分词短语作后置定语，occupy 与table是被动关系，故应用过去分词。例15、 After hear your sad stories， he will say some words that are nice and warm.【解析】考查非谓语动词。hear改为hearing。after是介词，后接名词或动词ing形式。易错点六 “特殊疑问词”“连词”和“引导词”错误特别是which和th
53、at引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等。 例16、 Here is my idea about how a friend is like.【解析】考查特殊疑问词。how 改为what。由what引导宾语从句，从句中like缺宾语。 例 17 、No lectures this morning so I think Id email you and let you know what things are going.【解析】考查特殊疑问词。what改为how。句意表示让对方知道情况是如何进展的，故应用how。易错点七 “多词”错误多词错误一般有如下几种类型：1)受母语思
54、维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言； 2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠； 3)介词多余； 4)助动词、系动词多余； 5)多冠词； 6)定语从句中的成分重复； 7)程度副词和频率副词，如 much，more，often等的多余； 8)多余小品词to等。例 18 、To begin with， all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only 【解析】考查介词多余。去掉to。reduce是及物动词，其后无需搭配介词。例 19 、especially bath water for which is quite a lot， an
55、d that will save much water.易错点八 “缺词”错误缺词现象常见有：1)缺系动词； 2) 缺介词； 3) 缺冠词、物主代词等限定词； 4) 在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词； 5)缺连接词； 6)缺否定词； 7)缺不定式符号to等。例 20 、 Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving.【解析】考查代词的缺失。opinion前加my。根据句意前后的代词指代要一致，前文主语是I，所以后半句表达的意思就应该是“我的”意见。例 21 、It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me(mine) who is going to Beijing.【解析】考查冠词的缺失。hotel是可数名词单数，第一次提到，因此应在such 与great之间加冠词a。