1、Unit 4Sharing 话 题 导 读Serve others and do good志愿者让这个世界变得更加温暖、更加美好。US author Helen Keller once wrote，“The unselfish effort to bring cheer to others will be the beginning of a happier life for ourselves.”These words most certainly ring true for the millions of volunteers all over the world.The UN has d
2、esignated Dec.5 as“International Volunteers Day”to give recognition to these people.Here，we highlight(重点讲述)two volunteering stories from around the globe.Nineteen-year-old Andrew Makhoul was a communications major at the University of Pennsylvania.It was coming up to spring break，but unlike his clas
3、smates，Makhoul wasnt planning on spending the break relaxing and blowing off steam.He decided to spend his time off doing something for people way less fortunate than himself.He traveled to Guatemala，to an orphanage(孤儿院)in one of the most violent and poor parts of Guatemala city.It depends upon volu
4、nteers to stay open.He didnt speak much Spanish，but he found communication wasnt a problem：“You communicated with love.”And what he gave out，he got back：“You could see love when you looked in their eyes.”Makhouls first time as a volunteer only lasted a week，but by the end of that week，he knew hed be
5、 back in the future.Sometimes，volunteers themselves live with huge challenges.The UN highlighted the case of Palestinian women who are survivors of breast cancer(乳腺癌)As part of the UNs Aid and Hope Programme for Patient Care，the women have been volunteering their time to create low-cost breast prost
6、hetics(假体)to be distributed to women for free.Shahd El-Swerki worked with the women as part of the program.By the end of her time there，she admired these women who“are not only survivors，but.also volunteers.”About 2,400 years ago，Greek philosopher Aristotle said，“The essence(本质)of life”was“to serve
7、others and do good”.Volunteers all around the world are making these words come true，each and every day.Section Warming Up&Prereading&Reading-Comprehending练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读先读通A LETTER HOMEDear Rosemary，Thanks for your letter，which took a fortnight to arrive1.It was wonderful to hear from you.I know
8、youre dying tohear all about my life here，so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about2.You asked about my high school.Well，its a bush schoolthe classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass3.It takes me only a few minutes to walk4 to school down a muddy tra
9、ck.When I reach the school grounds there are lots of“good mornings”for me from the boys.Many of them have walked a long way，sometimes up to two hours，to get to school.Theres no electricity or water and even no textbooks either!Im still trying to adapt to these conditions.However，one thing is for sur
10、e，Ive become more imaginative in my teaching.Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no conceptof doing experiments5.In fact there is no equipment，and if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a bucket！The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment
11、when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling 21 over everywhere6！The boys who had never come across22 anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.Sometimes I wonder how relevant23 chemistry is7 to these students，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway
12、8.To be honest24，I doubt whether Im making any difference to9 these boys lives at all.You asked whether Im getting to know any local people.Well，thats actually25 quite difficult as I dont speak much of the local English dialect26 yet.But last weekend another teacher，Jenny，and I did visit a village10
13、which is the home of one of the boys11，Tombe.It was my first visit to a remote27 village.We walked for two and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge28 from where we had fantastic views12 and then down a steep path to the valley below.When we arrived at the village，Tombes mother，Kia
14、k，who had been pulling weeds29 in her garden，started crying“ieee ieee”13.We shook hands with all the villagers30.Everyone seemed to be a relative31 of Tombes.Tombes father，Mukap，led us to his house，a low bamboo hut32with grass sticking out33 of the roof14 this shows it is a mans house.The huts were
15、round，not rectangular34 like the school buildings.There were no windows and the doorway was just bigenough to get through35.The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust36.Fresh grass had been laid37 on the floor and there was a newly made platform38 for Jenny and me to sleep on15.U
16、sually Kiak would39 sleep in her own hut，but that night she was going to share the platform with us.Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of the hut.There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut near the doorway.The only possessions40 I could see16 were one broom41，a few tin42
17、 plates and cups and a couple of jars43.Outside Mukap was building a fire44.Once the fire was going17，he laid stones on it.When hot18，he placed them in an empty oil drumwith kau kau(sweet potato)，corn and greens45.He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam46.I sniffed47
18、the food;it smelled delicious.We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire19.I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language，even though20 I could not participate48 in the conversation.Luckily，Tombe could be our interpreter49.Later，I noticed a tin can standing upside d
19、own on the grill50over the fire.After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway.I was puzzled51.Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out52the leftover53 food.They believe that any leftovers attract evil54spirits in the night，so the food is dried up55 in the can and the can is then throw
20、n out of the hut.Otherwise56 they dont waste anything.We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes.My muscles 57 were aching 58 and my knees shaking21 as we climbed down the mountain towards home.That evening I fell happily into bed.It was such a privilege59 to have s
21、pent a day with Tombes family22.Its getting late and I have to prepare tomorrows lessons60 and do some paperwork61.Please write soon.Love，Jo再记住两星期1.which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰your letter。hear from接到的信(be)dying to极想；渴望include v把列为一部分picture此处作动词，意为“想象”。2.which引导限制性定语从句，修饰some photos，其中还包含了一个省略了that/which的定语从句
22、I talk about。3.the roofs of grass承接and前的分句，roofs后省略了are made。4.It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间。track n小道；路径；车辙；踪迹up to多达；高达 adapt to适应conditions n(复数)(生活或工作)条件；情况；天气状况for sure确切地imaginative adj.富有想象力的challenging adj.具有挑战性的 5.as引导原因状语从句。the other day不久前的一天 mixture n混合(物)6.画线部分包含句型 be doin
23、g.when.意为“正在做，这时”；before 引导时间状语从句。22 come across 偶然遇见；碰上23 relevant/relvnt/adj.有关的；切题的7.how 引导的感叹句作 wonder 的宾语。8.most of whom will.是“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 these students。anyway 同 anyhow，副词，表示“不管怎样，无论如何”。24 to be honest 说实话9.make any difference to对起作用/有影响25 actually adv.的确；确实；真实地26 dialect n方言10.did
24、visit中did表示强调，强调谓语动词visit，意为“确实，的确”。强调谓语在其前加do/does/did。11.which引导定语从句，修饰a village。12.from where引导定语从句。杂草；野草 vt.&vi.除杂草13.when引导的是时间状语从句，who引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰Tombes mother。30 shake hands with sb.与某人握手31 relative n亲戚 33 stick out伸出；突出14.with grass.是with复合结构，在句中作定语，修饰hut。长方形的；矩形的rectangle/rektl/n.矩形；长方形3
25、5 get through穿过；通过；完成调整；(使)适合37 lay vt.放；搁置；下蛋台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台15.for sb.to do 是动词不定式的复合结构，在句中作后置定语。39 would 在此表示过去的一种习惯。40 possession nC所有物；财产；财物(多用复数)U拥有；持有；占有16.I could see是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词possessions。先行词被only修饰，定语从句引导词只能是that，不能用which。42 tin/tn/n.锡 44 build a fire生火(make a fire)17.once引导时间状
26、语从句，意为“一旦”。18.when hot 为时间状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：when they were hot。45 greens n青菜46 steam v蒸 n蒸汽；水汽47 sniff/snf/vt.&vi.嗅；闻；用鼻子吸19.现在分词短语在句中作方式状语。20.even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”。50 grill/rl/n.烤架；大平底锅vt.烧烤；炙烤51 puzzled adj.感到迷惑的52 dry out(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透剩余物；残留物；剩饭 adj.剩余的邪恶的 n邪恶；罪恶55 dry up(指河流、井等)干涸否则；不然 adv.用别
27、的方法；其他方面57 muscle n肌肉58 ache vi.痛；疼21.my knees shaking承接and前的分句，knees后省略了were。22.It was a privilege to do sth.做某事是一种殊荣。to have done为动词不定式的完成式，表明该动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生。60 prepare lessons备课 再翻译一封家书亲爱的罗斯玛丽：谢谢你的来信，这封信花了两星期才到。接到你的信真是太高兴了。我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。你问起我的中学情况。它是一所丛林学校教室是用竹子搭起
28、来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。我只需要沿着一条泥泞的小路步行几分钟就到学校了。当我走到学校操场的时候，迎接我的是男孩子们一片“早上好”的声音。他们中许多人走了很长的路，有时候多达两个小时才到学校。这儿没有电，也没有水，甚至连课本也没有！我还在努力适应这些情况。但是有一点是肯定的，我在教学中变得更富有想象力了。理科对我来说是最富挑战性的课程，因为我的学生对做实验没有概念。实际上，根本没有设备。如果需要水，我还得从家里用水桶提过来！不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，混合剂就到处冒气泡了！男孩子们以前从来没有见过这种情况，吓得都往窗外跳去。有时候，我真的想知道，这
29、些学生对化学有多感兴趣。不管怎样他们中的大多数人上完八年级后就要回到他们的村庄去了。说实在的，我很怀疑我教的课是否会让这些男孩子的生活有所改变。你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。那实在是太难了，因为我还说不了几句当地人说的英语方言。不过，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的教师确实去访问了一个村庄，那是其中一个男孩汤贝的家。这是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。当我们到达村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来在园子里拔草，看到我们就“嗳矣，嗳矣”地叫了起来。我们同所有的村民都握了手。每个人看上去都是汤贝家的亲戚。汤贝的父亲
30、，莫卡普，把我们带到他的家里。这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草这表示这间竹屋是男人住的。屋子是圆的，不像学校那样是长方形的。这里没有窗户，房门只够一个人进出。小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。地上摆放着一堆新鲜的草，还有一个新做的平台，是供珍妮和我睡觉用的。通常齐亚克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我们一起睡在平台上。莫卡普和汤贝则睡在竹屋另一边的小床上。在竹屋中间靠近房门的地方有一个火炉。我所看到的仅有财产就是一把扫帚、几个锡盘和锡杯，还有几个罐子。莫卡普在屋子外边生火。一旦火着起来，他就往火里放了几块石头。当烧热时，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考(红薯)、玉
31、米和青菜，然后用香蕉叶子把这些蔬菜盖上，等着它们蒸熟。我用鼻子嗅了嗅，食物闻起来很香。我们在小屋里围着火炉坐下来吃东西。我喜欢听一家人用他们的语言轻声细语地交谈，即使我无法参与到他们的对话中去。幸好，汤贝能给我们当翻译。后来，我发现有一个锡罐子倒放在火炉的烤架上。过了一会儿，汤贝把它从门道里扔了出去。我不懂为什么这样做。汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残羹剩饭烧干。他们相信剩饭在夜晚会引来邪灵，所以要把食物放在罐子里烧干，再把罐子扔到屋外去。否则，他们是不会浪费任何东西的。第二天早晨，经过一番紧紧握手和道别之后，我们就离开了村庄。我们下山回家，往回走的时候，我的腿部肌肉发痛、膝盖发抖。那天
32、晚上我很开心，倒在床上就睡了。能与汤贝一家度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。天色很晚了，我还得准备明天的课，做一些文书工作。请早日来信。爱你的，乔通语篇 学理解 重分析2语篇理解.Whats the main idea of the passage?The passage is mainly about Jo told Rosemary _ in Papua New Guinea.what she haddone and seen.Match the main idea with each part.1Part 1(Para.1)AA visit to a local village.2Part
33、2(Paras.23)BThe end of the letter.3Part 3(Paras.48)CThe purpose of the letter.4Part 4(Para.9)DThe introduction of the school and Jos work as a volunteer teacher.答案：14 CDAB.Read the passage and choose the best answer.1The purpose that the author wrote the letter is that she wanted to tell Rosemary _.
34、Aher learning life in the high schoolBher teaching life in the high schoolChow poor the students she taught in Papua New GuineaDhow happy she was in the small village答案：B2In a chemistry experiment the boys jumped out of the windows because they _.Awere frightened by the bubbling mixtureBcouldnt stan
35、d the terrible smell of the mixtureCdidnt like doing chemistry experimentsDknew chemistry was not relevant to them答案：A3What can be inferred from the Paragraph 2?A.Jo was sure that all the boys would go to college in the future.BJo believed that chemistry was very useful to the boys.CJo wasnt sure if
36、 she could make any difference to the boys lives.DJo didnt care about what the students life would be like in 8 years.答案：C4Which of the descriptions is NOT right about Tombes house?A.It was a low bamboo hut with grass out of the roof.BIt was dark and there was a fireplace in the centre of it.CIt was
37、 round-shaped，with small windows and a narrow doorway.DThere were only a few possessions in it.答案：C5How did Jo feel after the visit to Tombes family?ASad.BUpset.CWorried.DHappy.答案：D.Analyze the following complex sentences in the passage.1Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students
38、，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.分析主干句 Sometimes I wonder_从句 how relevant chemistry.students，_从句 most of whom will be.Year 8 anyway.宾语定语翻译 有时候，我真的想知道，这些学生对化学有多感兴趣。不管怎样他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。2We walked for two and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain
39、to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.分析句子的主干是 We walked for two and a half hours to get there。破折号后面的部分起_作用。句中 from where 引导的是_。解释说明定语从句翻译 我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里先是爬山，爬到山脊，从那里能看到奇妙的景色，然后下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。3I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language，even though I could not participate in the conversation.分析句 中“listening to.language”作“loved”的 _，“talking to each other.language”作“listening to”的_。even though 引导的是_。宾语宾语补足语让步状语从句翻译 我喜欢听一家人用他们的语言轻声细语地交谈，即使我无法参与到他们的对话中去。