1、课时作业44.阅读理解AFor the past two years I have been travelling and living abroad. Home has become more of a feeling than a place. I feel at home when I am with my family in London, but I also feel at home in Italy with friends I love. Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some wind
2、ows. It is more complicated than that.This is one of the reasons that celebrating the new year has become very important for me. I don not care about “New Years resolutions (新年计划)”living abroad has made me constantly reconsider what kind of person I want to be and how I will live my life, so I dont
3、feel the need to plan for change：I live for change.New Years Eve has become my time to reconnect with the friends, which makes me feel at home. Every year we try to reunite wherever we are, and remember the time when we knew each other so well that we felt like a family. It is a moment to reconnect
4、and get to know each other again. Last year, we travelled to a cottage in Ireland where we had no Internet and no neighbours. In the middle of the countryside, away from our constantly changing lives, we were able to become like a little family again.This year, we went to Barcelona. It was a very bi
5、g change. We were surrounded by culture and life and joy. There were bars and parties. It was different, but one thing stayed very much the sameI felt at home again and we felt like a family again.A lot of people feel that New Years Eve cannot live up to expectations. Ideas such as the “New Years ki
6、ss” and “resolutions” create a lot of pressure for people to have a night to remember, a night that will change their lives and perhaps make the next year worth living. I think those people are missing the point. Why cant New Year be about friends?本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。过去两年作者在国外旅游、生活，作者认为家不只是一个地方，而是一种感觉；新年是和家人
7、、朋友团聚的时刻，作者经常通过和朋友们一起旅游来庆祝新年。1What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to?AFamily.BLiving abroad.CHome.DStaying with friends.答案：C解析：代词指代题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Home is no longer a picture of a house with a front door and some windows”可知，家不再是一幅有前门和一些窗户的房子的图画；结合画线词所在句“It is more complicated than t
8、hat”可知，该句的主语It指代前一句中的“Home”。故C项正确。2Why doesnt the author care about “New Years resolutions”？ANew Years resolutions cannot be reached.BHis lifestyle makes him always ready for change.CIts meaningless to make any big changes in life.DMaking New Years resolutions creates much pressure.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二
9、段第二句“I do not care about New Years resolutions (新年计划)living abroad has made me constantly reconsider what kind of person I want to be and how I will live my life, so I dont feel the need to plan for change：I live for change”可知，作者的生活不断变化，所以他认为没有必要在意新年计划，故B项正确。3What does the author try to convey throu
10、gh his experiences in Ireland and Barcelona?ALife is peaceful and enjoyable.BLiving abroad is a happy experience.CStaying with friends makes one feel at home.DTravelling abroad enriches ones life experience.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“In the middle of the countryside, away from our constantly changing live
11、s, we were able to become like a little family again”可知，和朋友待在乡村的中心，远离不断变化的生活，作者找到了家的感觉；根据第四段尾句“It was different, but one thing stayed very much the sameI felt at home again and we felt like a family again”可知，作者和朋友们在一起，感觉又回到了家，感觉又像一家人了。据此可知，文章中提及作者和朋友在爱尔兰和巴塞罗那的经历旨在说明和朋友待在一起能让人找到家的感觉。故C项正确。4Which of t
12、he following can be the best title for the text?ANew Years Celebration：How?BTrue Friendship：What?CLiving Abroad：Comfortable or Complicated?DChange：Plan It or Make It?答案：A解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者由于常年旅居在国外，对于庆祝新年和新年计划有着不同的思考：有朋友的地方就有家的感觉，变化着的生活不需要新年计划，故A项最适合作文章标题。BTrees, some of the tallest in the wo
13、rld, towered above Hannah Griffiths and her colleagues each morning as they walked deep into the rainforest in the Maliau Basin in Borneo, where they had set up a set of experiments to look at the ecological effects of small creatures: termites (白蚁)Termites get a_bum_rap. They make headlines for che
14、wing up billions of dollars of property each year in the US. And they are responsible for something like two percent of global carbon emissions, simply as a result of their huge populations and preference for chewing through carbonrich materials. A whole industry is aiming at killing them.But they p
15、lay a key role in many natural ecosystems. Scientists have known for years that in tropical (热带的) forests, termites chew up fallen leaves and dead wood, keeping the fallen material under control and letting nutrients from the dead material back into the system to be used by other plants, insects, an
16、d animals. But they didnt know exactly how important the insects were in keeping the forest healthy and functional, so they removed termites from a particular spot in the forest and saw how it responded.As luck would have it, Hannah Griffiths and her colleagues started their experiment when the fore
17、st was hit by an extreme drought. During the nondrought years, they saw there wasnt much difference between the normal plots and the ones where theyd removed the termites. But during the drought, the effects were marked. What they found was unexpected: in the termiterich areas, the soil stayed sligh
18、tly wet, more tree seedlings sprouted (抽芽), and the system was full of activity despite the long, hard dry spell.For Griffiths, it was only because they happened to study the drought that they could pick out the real importance of termites to the system, she points out. “And that rings alarm bells i
19、n my head，” she says, “because it makes me think, well, what else dont we know? If we start damaging biological communities, we dont know what that will do.”本文是一篇说明文。白蚁因每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的房产而登上新闻头条，它们的碳排放量约占全球的2%。人们想要杀死它们。但是科学家做试验表明，白蚁对自然生态系统的作用是不可估量的。5Which of the following best explains “a bum rap” unde
20、rlined in Paragraph 2?AUnfair blame.BWide popularity.CPublic attention.DSpecial preference.答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句和第三段第一句“But they play a key role in many natural ecosystems”可知，白蚁因每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的房产而登上新闻头条，人们想杀死它们，但它们在许多自然生态系统中发挥关键的作用，由此可推知，画线词所在句表示白蚁受到了不公平的责备。6What have scientists learned about termites
21、?AThey do serious harm to tropical rainforests.BThey contribute a lot to the ecosystem they live in.CThey act as food for other plants, insects and animals.DThey speed up the loss of nutrition in the rainforest.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解，尤其是第二句中的“termites chew up fallen leaves and dead wood, keeping t
22、he fallen material under control and letting nutrients from the dead material back into the system to be used by other plants, insects, and animals”可知，白蚁会啃食落叶和枯木，并让枯木中的营养物质重新进入生态系统，供其他植物、昆虫和动物使用。由此可知，科学家们已经知道白蚁对它们居住的生态系统贡献很大。7What can we infer from the finding of Griffiths experiment?ATermites help
23、rainforests survive climate change.BTermites prefer drought years to nondrought ones.CTermites benefit more from the forest during the drought.DTermites enjoy eating tree seedlings during the drought.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“What they found was.hard dry spell”可知，在白蚁密集的地区，土壤保持湿润，更多的树苗抽芽，生态系统在漫长干旱的时期充满活
24、力。由此可推知，白蚁帮助雨林渡过气候变化。8What does Griffiths tell us in the last paragraph?ATermites are now in danger of extinction.BTermites damage biological communities.CWe should think twice before damaging a species.DWe should study the drought to improve the system.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段，尤其是“If we start damagin
25、g biological communities, we dont know what that will do”可知，如果我们开始破坏生物群落，我们不知道会发生什么，由此可推知，Griffiths在最后一段告诉我们在破坏一个物种之前，我们应该三思而后行。.七选五People have always wanted to know what the future will look like. Then, how can we? _1_ The world has changed a lot in the last 150 years, but we humans are driven by t
26、he same basic needs as we were 150 years ago, such as food, sleep, the feeling of being appreciated and loved. _2_ No. In addition, generally speaking, the inventions for the last 150 years have been a human effort for freedom and communication, to be able to get in control of the time and world. Si
27、nce there is still much to do in this area, this will be the focus at least for the next 150 years.But why do we need to predict the future? Predicting the future is important for two reasons: First, we need to start to think about what kind of future we would like for ourselves and to pass on to th
28、e next generation. _3_How about the virtual worlds? It might be possible in the future to experience the sand between your toes, and hear the waves, just lying in your bed at home. _4_ So, even if a great invention is there for an affordable price, itll never take the place of the common experience
29、if it is not real._5_ What well see in the next 50 years is the transition (过渡) from an oildependent society to a new society. Here therell be new medicine, continued exploration of space, challenges in the climate change, and new inventions that make life a little easier.AWill this change in the ne
30、xt 150 years?BSo what will the future look like then?CPredicting the future can help us in many ways.DWell, to understand the future, you must know the past.EHowever, youll never get the feeling of being there.FHowever, no matter how real the experience will feel, it doesnt happen for real.GThen we
31、need to know what decisions we need to make today that will give the best result in the future.人们总想知道未来会是什么样子的，其实要想展望未来，必须了解过去。不管世界如何变化，人们的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏和爱的感觉等不会改变，未来的虚拟世界也不会代替真实的世界。但是可以预知，未来五十年里，世界将从依靠石油的社会过渡到新的社会，人们的生活会更好。1D解析：根据空处下文可知，在过去的150年里，世界发生了巨大的变化；结合空前一句可推知，空处承上启下，说明我们想要展望未来，就要了解过去，故D项符合语
32、境。2A解析：根据空前一句可知，在过去的150年里，人们的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏和爱的感觉没有变化，结合空后的“No”可知，空处应是一个疑问句，并与空前一句讲人的基本需求相呼应，故A项与此处匹配。3G解析：根据该段第二句可知，该段主要讲的是预知未来的两个原因，空前一句讲的是第一个原因，即需要思考自己想要的并传递给下一代的未来是什么样的；据此可知，空处陈述第二个原因，即需要知道做出怎样的决定才能给未来带来最好的结果，故G项正确。其中G项中的“Then we need to”与空前一句中的“First, we need to”相呼应。4F解析：根据空后一句可知，即使一项重大发明的价格我们可以
33、承受，但是虚拟体验绝不会代替真实体验，结合空处上文可推知，F项符合语境，衔接上下文。5B解析：根据空处下文可知，该段介绍了对未来五十年的展望；从依靠石油的社会过渡到新的社会；未来的生活更好。故B项与此处匹配。.语法填空Many athletes have been told that smiling while _1_ (sweat) will make their efforts feel easier. A marathon runner smiled widely through the final miles of his fastestever marathon; afterward
34、, he said what he had hoped _2_ (be) that the smiling would relax him to the finish line. But there has been little solid scientific evidence to support this idea. In recent years several studies _3_ (examine) whether deliberately smiling can make changes to how people feel psychologically during ra
35、ces. _4_ few have looked at the physical effect _5_ sports performance.Researchers decided _6_ (gather) a group of experienced recreational runners and have them alternately smile broadly as they ran. Many of the runners found it difficult to smile throughout the whole session, though. Their smiles
36、became _7_ (increase) fixed and unnatural. Such false smiles make _8_ (few) facial muscles (肌肉) start working than the sincere version and most likely result in less _9_ (relax) and performance improvement. So the key to using a happy smile to make you _10_ better runner may be to smile sincerely an
37、d often near a races end, but in 30second bursts, rather than constantly.文章主要介绍了运动时微笑的作用以及如何微笑效果更好。1sweating解析：考查动名词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处与smiling为同时发生的动作，表示出着汗微笑着，故填sweating。2was解析：考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，其主语为“what he had hoped”，故谓语动词应用单数形式；且根据该句中的“said”可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was。3have_examined解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中的
38、时间状语In recent years可知，应该用现在完成时，且主语“several studies”为复数，故填have examined。4But解析：考查连词。根据空后的“few”可知，此处和前一句构成转折关系，故填But。5on解析：考查介词。此处考查固定搭配effect on sth.“对的影响”。6to_gather解析：考查动词不定式。此处考查固定用法decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，所以用to gather。7increasingly解析：考查副词。副词修饰形容词，故用副词increasingly修饰其后的“fixed and unnatural”。8fewer解析：考查比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，此处表示比较的含义，故用比较级fewer。9relaxation解析：考查词形转换。由该空后的“and”可知，空处与名词词组performance improvement并列，故填名词relaxation。10a解析：考查冠词。此处表示使你成为一个更好的赛跑运动员，且better的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。