1、北京市丰台区2021届高三英语下学期一模试题（含解析）本试卷满分共100分 考试时间90分钟注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2. 本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4. 请保持答题卡卡面清
2、洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。This was the fifth time Id been to the National Annual Competition. Reporters had been saying that I looked unbeatable. Everyone expected me to _1_. But I knew something was _2_ because
3、I couldnt get this one picture out of my head: a picture of me, falling. “Go away,” Id say. But the image wouldnt _3_.It was time to skate. The music started, slowly, and I told myself, “Have fun, Michael! Its just a（n） _4_.”Once the music picked up, I started skating faster. Id practiced the routin
4、e so many times, and I didnt have to think about _5_ came next. But when I came down from the jump, my foot slipped from under me. I put a hand on the ice to _6_ myself, but it didnt do any good.Things kept getting _7_. On a triple flip (三周跳)I spun through the air and just as I landed, my whole body
5、 went down again. There I was, flat on the ice, with the whole world _8_.I didnt think Id be able to pull myself together. But as I got up, I heard an amazing _9_ .People were clapping in time to the music. They were trying to give me courage.I wasnt surprised by my scores. However, the audiences cl
6、apping woke me up! I was so busy trying not to _10_ that I forgot to feel what was in my heart-the love for skating.1. A. winB. enjoyC. shareD. relax2. A. challengingB. missingC. wrongD. dangerous3. A. returnB. leaveC. appearD. stay4. A. sportB. activityC. pictureD. accident5. A. whenB. whyC. whoD.
7、what6. A. prepareB. catchC. comfortD. measure7. A. clearerB. easierC. heavierD. worse8. A. watchingB. expectingC. ignoringD. changing9. A. voiceB. storyC. soundD. idea10. A. collapseB. resistC. fallD. escape【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者参加一次滑冰全国比赛时，脑海中想到
8、的是自己摔倒的画面。比赛时，作者摔倒了，却赢得了观众热烈的掌声。这让作者意识到，自己在比赛时只顾想着如何避免摔倒，而忽视了自己内心对滑冰运动的热爱。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都希望我能赢。A. win赢；B. enjoy喜欢，享受；C. share分享；D. relax放松。根据前一句“Reporters had been saying that I looked unbeatable. ”可知，因为记者们说作者不可被战胜，所以此处表示每个人都期待作者会赢得比赛。故选A。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我知道有些事情不对劲，因为我一直无法摆脱脑海里的画面:我摔倒的画面。
9、A. challenging挑战的；B. missing失踪的；C. wrong错误的，不对的；D. dangerous危险的。根据后文“because I couldnt get this one picture out of my head: a picture of me, falling. ”可知，因为作者脑海里一直有自己摔倒的画面，所以此处表示作者感觉事情有些不对劲。故选C。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是这个画面不会被遗忘。A. return返回；B. leave遗忘；C. appear出现；D. stay停留。根据前文“Go away,” Id say. ”和转折连词bu
10、t可知，作者摔倒的画面一直挥之不去。故选B。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只是一项运动。A. sport运动；B. activity活动；C. picture照片；D. accident事故。根据前文“Have fun, Michael!”可知，因为作者在参加滑冰比赛，作者自我安慰，告诉自己这只是一项运动。故选A。【5题详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：这个动作我已经练习了很多次了，我根本不用去想接下来会发生什么。A. when何时；B. why为何；C. who谁；D. what什么。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示具体的内容，所以空处需用连接代词what引
11、导宾语从句。故选D。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把一只手放在冰上想支撑住自己，但没有用。A. prepare准备；B. catch接住，抓住；C. comfort安慰；D. measure测量。根据前文“But when I came down from the jump, my foot slipped from under me. ”可知，因为作者脚滑了，所以他想用手支撑住自己。故选B。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：情况越来越糟。A. clearer更清楚；B. easier更简单；C. heavier更差；D. worse更糟糕。根据后文“On a triple fli
12、p（三周跳）I spun through the air, and just as I landed, my whole body went down again. ”可知，在三个翻转中，作者在空中旋转，就在落地的时候，作者的整个身体又沉了下去。由此可知，情况变得更糟糕。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我就在那里，平躺在冰上，全世界都在注视着我。A. watching观看；. Expecting期待；C. ignoring忽视；D. changing改变。根据前文“my whole body went down again.”可知，因为作者摔倒在地，所以作者感觉全世界都在注视着自己
13、。故选A。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我站起来时，我听到一个惊人的声音。A. voice声音 (多指人的嗓音)；B. story故事；C. sound声音 (自然界的各种声音)；D. idea想法。根据后文“People were clapping in time to the music. ”可知，此处需用sound表示人们的掌声。故选C。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我忙着不让自己跌倒，以至于忘记了感受我心中的感受对滑冰的热爱。A. collapse崩溃，倒塌；B. resist抵制；C. fall摔倒；D. escape逃跑。根据前文“ a picture of me
14、, falling.”可知，作者一直想着自己是否会摔倒，所以此处需用动词fall，表示作者只想着是否会摔倒，忘记了自己对滑冰运动的热爱。故选C。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Once upon a time, in a small town lived a man who couldnt see. Yet, he carried a lighted lamp with him whenever he went at night. One nig
15、ht, he came _11_ a group of travelers. One of them asked him, “Hey, man! You cant see anything! Why do you carry a lighted lamp then?” The blind man replied, “Yes, _12_ (unfortunate), I am blind but the lighted lamp I am carrying is for people like you who can see. You may not see me coming and end
16、up knocking into me. That is _13_ I carry a lighted lamp.”【答案】11. across 12. unfortunately 13. why【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个盲人拿着一盏点燃的灯为别人照明的故事。【11题详解】考查固定短语。句意：一天晚上，他遇到一群旅行者。come across偶遇，遇到，固定短语。故填across。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：是的，不幸的是，我是盲人但我手里的灯是为像你这样能看见的人准备的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰空后整个句子，unfortunate的副词为unfortun
17、ately“不幸地”。故填unfortunately。【13题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是我拿着一盏点燃的灯的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导表语从句，此处是对拿着一盏点燃的灯的原因进行解释说明，所以空处需用连接副词why引导。故填why。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In recent years, Chinese literature has gained more popularity worldwide . An increasing number of Chinese lit
18、erary works _14_ (translate) into multiple languages, including English, French, Japanese and Russian, and read by people from countries and regions _15_ (involve) in the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议). Not only have the _16_ (story) from Chinas past made their way through time, but the beauty
19、of the language has drawn the worlds attention.【答案】14. have been translated/were translated 15. involved 16. stories【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国文学在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。【14题详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：越来越多中国文学作品被翻译成英、法、日、俄等多种语言，被“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的人们阅读。空处需用动词作谓语，根据句意可知，空处谓语动词可以用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，表示过去被翻译，此处也可以用现在完成时态的被动语态
20、：has/have been done，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，主语是复数works，所以此处be动词需用were，助动词需用have。故填have been translated或were translated。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。本句已有谓语动词translate，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词countries and regions，表示被动需用过去分词involved作后置定语。故填involved。【16题详解】考查名词复数。句意：不仅来自中国历史的故事穿越了时间的长河，而且语言的美丽吸引了全世界的注意。由空前助动词hav
21、e可知，空处需用名词story的复数作主语。故填stories。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Last July Chinas manned submersible (载人潜艇)Fendouzhe _17_ (dive) 10,909 meters deep in the Mariana Trench. This is the _18_ (deep) diving record for a Chinese manned submersible. The pressure underwater is
22、very strong, _19_ is like an elephant standing on the tip of your finger. Fendouzhe can carry up to three people. The egg shape makes it easier for the scientists _20_ (move) around and study the sea.【答案】17. dived/dove 18. deepest 19. which 20. to move【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国载人潜水器“奋斗者”号实现最深潜水记录。【17题
23、详解】考查动词时态。句意：去年7月，中国“奋斗者”号载人潜水器潜入马里亚纳海沟10909米深处。由时间状语Last July可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，dive的过去式为dived/dove。故填dived或dove。【18题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：这是中国载人潜水器的最深潜水记录。根据空后“diving record for a Chinese manned submersible.”和空前定冠词the可知，空处形容词需用其最高级形式deepest，表示最深潜水记录。故填deepest。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：水下的压力非常大，就像一头大象站在你的指尖上。分析句子结构可
24、知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于科学家们来说，卵形潜水器更容易四处走动和研究海洋。Make it easier for sb. to do sth.使某人更容易做某事，固定搭配，此处it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语。故填to move。第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节 阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题
25、卡上将该项涂黑。AVarious Apps to LearnApps are typical digital learning tools, which can give you diverse and personalized content to meet your needs. Want to find an app that can help you learn? Here are some great ideas for you.Khan Academy allows you to learn almost anything for free. It covers subjects
26、such as math, physics, biology, and even computer science. The real magic of this app is that you can learn at your own pace. You can review subjects that you are not good at, or start learning a subject you like. The app is in English. If you want to see its translation you can visit http:/open. 16
27、3. com/khan.BrainPOP mixes learning and technology in a fun and simple way. Its free and teaches you something new every day. From the solar system to DNA, each topic starts with an interesting cartoon movie. After youve watched it, you can take a test to see how much youve learned.Udemy is a “learn
28、 on demand” website and app. It is for career-oriented individuals to start their course pricing at $10.99. This app allows you the flexibility to take your time on a course you purchase over the course of several months, without worrying about recurring (重复的) payments before you finish. This flexib
29、le learning app allows you to take things slow, fast, or anywhere in-between with complete control on your end.Duolingo is the premier leader in language education for learning apps. You can learn to speak 29 different languages, all at the touch of a button. Youll be invited to not only read new wo
30、rds, but to speak them. Youll learn grammar and conversational strategies. This app helps you learn to communicate with a new portion of its inhabitants!21. According to the passage, what apps allow you to learn at your speed?A. Khan Academy and Udemy.B. Udemy and Duolingo.C. Khan Academy and BrainP
31、OP.D. BrainPOP and Duolingo.22. What can Duolingo offer its users?A. Subjects reviewing.B. Speaking practice.C. Technical support.D. Career training.23. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To compare the difference of different learning methods.B. To introduce the development of learning technolog
32、y.C. To help find the suitable learning apps.D. To provide various learning activities.【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了适合学习者的四款应用程序。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据表格一中“The real magic of this app is that you can learn at your own pace. (这个应用程序的真正魔力在于，你可以按照自己的节奏学习)”和表格三的内容“This app allows you the flexibilit
33、y to take your time on a course you purchase over the course of several months, without worrying about recurring（重复的）payments before you finish. (这个应用程序允许你在几个月的时间里灵活地花时间在你购买的课程上，而不必担心课程结束前的重复付款)”可知，Khan Academy和 Udemy应用程序可以让你按照自己的节奏学习。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一个表格“Youll be invited to not only read new w
34、ords，but to speak them. Youll learn grammar and conversational strategies. This app helps you learn to communicate with a new portion of its inhabitants!(你不仅会被邀请读生词，而且会说。你将学习语法和会话策略。这个应用程序帮助你学会与新的居民沟通！)”可知，Duolingo这款应用程序会给用户提供英语口语练习。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Want to find an app that can help you learn?
35、 Here are some great ideas for you.(想找一个可以帮助你学习的应用程序吗？这里有一些好主意给你)”可知，这篇文章的目的是帮助找到合适的学习应用程序。故选C。BRecycling Electronic WasteWhen Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumpin
36、g (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water suppliesand people.Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WINthe Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six
37、 of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处
38、置) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking resid
39、ents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste.The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, theyd learned that reusing is the best way to deal wit
40、h electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didnt have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.For a las
41、ting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasnt enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste.Because of the wo
42、rk of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Todays technology should not become tomorrows harmful garbage.”24. What was Alexs worry after he read the article?A The littering of e-waste.B. The recycling of plastic.C.
43、The change of environment.D. The overuse of old computers.25. What did Alex do to start the project?A. Set up WIN.B. Collect information.C. Ask friends for help.D. Carry out a survey.26. Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work?A. Traditional.B. Competitive.C. Scientific.D. C
44、onvenient.27. What message does the story convey?A. There is no end to perfection.B. Success comes through failure.C. Every positive attitude has a reward.D. Young people can make a big difference.【答案】24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的事情。【24题详解】细节理解题
45、。根据文章第一段内容“When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping (丢弃) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak
46、into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water suppliesand people.”（当Alex Lin 11岁时，他在报纸上读到一篇令人震惊的文章，人们把旧电脑埋在后院，把电视扔到河里，把手机扔到垃圾堆里。这是危险的，因为电子垃圾中含有有害的化学物质，可能会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、水源和人类。）和第二段第一句话“Alex was really worried”（Alex真的很担心）可知，Alex看到报纸上的文章，得知随意丢弃电子垃圾是危险的，会危害环境、农作物、动物、水源和人类，这让他很担心。由此可知，Alex看完
47、这篇文章后担心的是乱扔电子垃圾的现象。故选A项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.”（但是他们能对这个电子垃圾项目做些什么呢？小组花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。）可知，为了开展这个项目，小组首先花了几周时
48、间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。由此可知，Alex通过收集信息的方式来开始这个项目。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句“But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.”（但是他们能对这个电子垃圾项目做些什么呢？小组花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物
49、质及其对人类影响的信息。）、第四段关键句“Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.”（Alex和他的朋友们开始行动了。他们在当地报纸上登广告，向学生们分发通知，要求居民们把不需要的电子产品带到学校停车场。）和第五段关键句“The next step w
50、as to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town.”（下一步是为该镇建立一个长期的电子垃圾投放中心。）可知，Alex和他的朋友们为了开展这个项目，首先收集信息，然后通过登报和分发通知等方式进行宣传，接下来建立一个长期的电子垃圾投放中心，这种做法是科学的，再结合最后一段关键句“Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-wa
51、ste.”（由于WIN的工作，越来越多的人，像Alex和他的团队一样，正在得到关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。）可知，他们的工作获得了成功。由此可推断出，Alex和他的团队的工作方式是科学的。故选C项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合最后一段关键句“Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste.”（由于WIN的工作，越来越多的人，像Alex和他的团队一样，正在得到关于安全处理电
52、子垃圾的信息。）可知，文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的事情，并最终获得了成功，越来越多的人知道了关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。“Young people can make a big difference.”意为“年轻人可以有所作为。”能够概括这个故事传达的信息。故选D项。CJust because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will willingly keep it on. They can
53、remove it, if one becomes annoying. But scientists have now found a way of using signals from those dropped collars to track the ice itself.The scientists identified 20 collars that transmitted movement data consistent with ice drift (漂流) rather than polar bear motion between 2005 and 2015. The resu
54、lting records of how melting ice drifts in Hudson Bay are unique; there are no easily accessible on-the-ground sensors, and satellite observations often cannot accurately capture the motion of small ice sheets.The team compared the removed collars movements to widely used ice-drift modeling data fro
55、m the U. S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay as well as the overall extent of drift. Over the course of several months the model could diverge (偏离) from an ice sheets location by a f
56、ew hundred kilometers, the scientists say.This means the bears may be working harder, when moving against the direction of the ice, than scientists had assumed, “Since were underestimating the speed of drift, were likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears,” says Ron Togunov, who led
57、 the study.The study reveals timely insight into how highly mobile ice moves. As melting increases in coming years, such ice will likely become more common farther north, in the central Arctic, says Andy Mahoney, a geophysicist at the University of Alaska, who was not involved in the study. Scientis
58、ts had known NSIDC data could underestimate drift speeds, Mahoney says, but “any time we can find a data gap and plug it is a good thing.”Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may spread in seas littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC
59、research scientist. The findings may even influence future NSIDC models. “Its a really nice data set.” Meier says. “And certainly one well take under consideration.”28. What can a GPS tracking collar do?A. Measure the depth of ice sheet.B. Capture the movement of ice.C. Describe the melting speed of
60、 ice.D. Record the emotional state of bears.29. What can we learn about the collar data?A. It shows the ice moves more slowly from its original location.B. It may reveal polar bears are not so energetic as before.C. It indicates the ice is more likely to move south in the central Arctic.D. It can he
61、lp predict the location of some pollutants in seas.30. Which would be the best title for this passage?A. Data Tells a Different StoryB. Wild Polar Bears SignalingC. Insights into a Puzzling AspectD. Ice Is Taken under Consideration【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了GPS跟踪项圈能捕获冰层的运动，让我们对冰层移动的
62、速度以及漂移的总体范围有了新的认知。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“But scientists have now found a way of using signals from those dropped collars to track the ice itself.(但是科学家们现在发现了一种方法，可以利用掉下来的项圈发出的信号来追踪冰层本身)”和第二段关键句“The scientists identified 20 collars that transmitted movement data consistent with ice drift (漂流) rather t
63、han polar bear motion between 2005 and 2015.(科学家们发现了20个项圈，这些项圈传递的运动数据与2005年至2015年间的冰层漂流一致，而不是北极熊的运动)”可知，这些掉下来的GPS跟踪项圈可以发出信号来追踪冰层本身，能够传递冰层运动的数据。由此可知，GPS跟踪项圈能捕获冰的运动。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may spread in seas littere
64、d with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist.(此外，NSIDC的一位高级研究科学家Walt Meier说，这样的数据可以改进关于溢油或其他污染物如何在布满浮冰的海洋中扩散的预测)”可知， GPS跟踪项圈捕获的数据可以帮助预测海洋中一些污染物的位置。故选D项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合第三段关键句“The team compared the removed collars movements to widely used ice-drift modeling data from
65、the U. S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay as well as the overall extent of drift.(研究小组将移除的项圈的运动与美国国家冰雪数据中心（NSIDC）广泛使用的冰漂移建模数据进行了比较。项圈数据表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德逊湾冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围)”可知，GPS跟踪项圈捕
66、获的数据与NSIDC模型的数据不相符，让我们对冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围有了新的认知。“Data Tells a Different Story”意为“数据说明了另一种情况”能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。DAt university, when I told people I was studying for a history degree, the response was almost always the same, “You want to be a teacher?” No, a journalist. “Oh. But youre not majoring in comm
67、unications?”In the days when a university education was a privilege, perhaps there wasnt the assumption that a degree had to be a springboard directly into a career. Those days are long gone. Today, a degree is all but a necessity for the job market, one that more than halves your chances of being u
68、nemployed. Still, that alone is no guarantee of a joband yet were paying more and more for one.Given those costs, most of us want to maximize that investment and that can lead to a plug-and-play type of approach to higher education. Want to be a journalist? Study journalism, were told. A lawyer? Pur
69、sue pre-law. Not totally sure? Go into STEM (Science, Technology, Engineer and Maths) you can become an engineer or an IT expert. And no matter what you do, forget the humanities, such as history, philosophy and languages.Its true that the humanities come with a higher risk of unemployment, but the
70、risk is slighter than you would imagine. For young people in the U.S. , the unemployment rate of those with humanities degrees is four percent, just a little more than that of engineering degree holders. Lower salaries may not be caused by the degree itself either. The gender pay gap persists in the
71、 humanities, whose graduates are more likely to be female. Is it any wonder then that language teachers tend to make less than engineers?According to LinkedIns research on the most sought-after job skills by employers for 2019, the ability to communicate and get along with people, to understand what
72、s on other peoples minds, and to do full-strength critical analysis were all valued and appreciated. It goes without saying that you can be an excellent communicator and critical thinker without a humanities degree. And any good university education, not just one in English or psychology, should sha
73、rpen these abilities further. But few courses of study are quite as heavy on reading, writing, speaking and critical thinking as the humanities whether thats by debating other students in a seminar, writing a thesis paper or analyzing poetry. The whole question of whether a student should choose STE
74、M versus the humanities might be misguided to begin with. The headlines most of us see dont help. Whatever a student pursues in university, it must be something that they are not only good at, but interested in. Even if it means pursuing a “useless” degree like one in humanities.31. Why are people p
75、aying more and more for a degree?A. Because people need a degree to further their career.B. Because university education is considered a privilege.C. Because a degree is viewed as a must for landing a job.D. Because their interest can be developed in university.32. The author mentioned a plug-and-pl
76、ay type of approach to show _.A. a tip for choosing a majorB. the importance of higher educationC. a problem that exists among STEM graduatesD. the reason why people overlook the humanities33. According to the author, what is the benefit of majoring in humanities?A. A comparatively high salary after
77、 graduation.B. Better chances of getting rid of gender prejudice.C. A better communicative skill than science students.D. More exposure to the training of language and thinking.34. What is the authors attitude towards the pursuit of humanities?A. Doubtful.B. Optimistic.C. Objective.D. Concerned.【答案】
78、31. C 32. D 33. D 34. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者在文中引用了科学数据客观介绍了学习人文学科的利与弊，告诉我们学生在大学里学习的应该是自己擅长并感兴趣的东西，并不只是为了获得工作而学习。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Today, a degree is all but a necessity for the job market, one that more than halves your chances of being unemployed. Still, that alone is no guarantee of a job and yet
79、 were paying more and more for one.(如今，学位对就业市场来说几乎是一种必需品，它会使你失业几率减半以上。尽管如此，单凭这一点并不能保证找到一份工作，然而我们为学位付出的代价却越来越高)”可知，人们为学位付出的代价却越来越高是因为学位被视为获得工作的必备条件。故选C项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Given those costs, most of us want to maximize that investmentand that can lead to a plug-and-play type of approach to higher
80、education.(考虑到这些成本，我们大多数人都希望将投资最大化这就导致了一种即插即用的高等教育方式)”和“And no matter what you do, forget the humanities, such as history, philosophy and languages.(不管你做什么，忘记了人文学科，比如历史、哲学和语言)”可知，作者提出了一种即插即用的方法是为了说明人们忽视人文学科的原因。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“But few courses of study are quite as heavy on reading, writi
81、ng, speaking and critical thinking as the humanities whether thats by debating other students in a seminar, writing a thesis paper or analyzing poetry.(但很少有课程像人文学科那样注重阅读、写作、口语和批判性思维无论是在研讨会上与其他学生辩论、写论文还是分析诗歌)”可知，在笔者看来，主修人文学科的好处是能更多的接受语言和思维的训练。故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“For young people in the U.S. ,
82、the unemployment rate of those with humanities degrees is four percent, just a little more than that of engineering degree holders.(对于美国的年轻人来说，拥有人文学科学位的人的失业率是百分之四，只比拥有工程学学位的人高一点点)”和倒数第二段关键句“But few courses of study are quite as heavy on reading, writing, speaking and critical thinking as the humanit
83、ies whether thats by debating other students in a seminar, writing a thesis paper or analyzing poetry.(但很少有课程像人文学科那样注重阅读、写作、口语和批判性思维无论是在研讨会上与其他学生辩论、写论文还是分析诗歌)”可知，作者在文中引用了科学数据客观介绍了学习人文学科的利与弊，作者对学习人文学科的态度是客观的。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What Can We See in a Logo
84、?We see hundreds of logos on signs, vehicles, websites, and even on the clothes we wear. All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. _35_ However, recently research supports the idea that remembering what a logo looks like is a very difficult task.Researchers gave 85 students a simple
85、assignment to draw the Apple logo purely from memory. Surprisingly only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo from memory. _36_ Researchers have developed a theory that they think might help to explain this blind spot in our memories.Logos are typically designed to be simple and ea
86、sy to recognize with a quick glance. Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them. This process is known as “attentional saturation (注意力饱和).” _37_Even though the brain is accustomed to ignoring unnecessary details, it is also programmed for recognition. When we
87、 see images such as logos over and over again, we become familiar with them. This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist (梗概) memory. _38_ This general sense of memory has its own benefits. In fact, familiarity with a popular logo can even make people feel more comfortable
88、about purchasing or using certain products.Logos are everywhere we look today. A fancy design or a thoughtful color combination may be a good start for a logo concept, but there are other factors to consider. _39_ A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the detailsespecially
89、if our brains have anything to say about it.A. This may be inspiring to logo designers.B. People will know the product behind the logo.C. So why is it so difficult for people to recall the details of images?D. They also help us remember a product or service connected to that image.E. It means that o
90、ur brain remembers the basic idea without all of the details.F. Our brains actually signal us to ignore information we dont think we will need to remember.G. Logo designers need to know that people will only remember what they believe is worthwhile.【答案】35. D 36. C 37. F 38. E 39. G【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章主
91、要介绍了在我们的生活中，人们很难准确记住一个标志的细节，并解释了出现这种现象的原因。【35题详解】根据空格上句“All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. (所有这些标志都是为了吸引我们的注意力而设计的)”可知，这里介绍的是标志的作用。D项意为“它们还帮助我们记住与该图像相关的产品或服务。”选项内容能够承接上文，进一步介绍了标志的作用，可以帮助我们记住与该图像相关的产品或服务。故选D。【36题详解】根据空格上句“Researchers gave 85 students a simple assignment to draw
92、 the Apple logo purely from memory. Surprisingly, only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo from memory. (研究人员给85名学生布置了一个简单的任务，让他们完全凭记忆画出苹果的标志。令人惊讶的是，研究中只有一个学生能从记忆中准确地画出这个标志)”可知，实验结果表明，人们很难准确记住一个标志的细节。C项意为“那么，为什么人们很难回忆起图像的细节呢？”选项内容能够承接上文，针对上文的实验结果提出了问题，为什么人们很难回忆起图像的细节呢？且能引出下文将要介绍的
93、关于记忆的理论。故选C。【37题详解】根据空格上句“Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them. This process is known as “attentional saturation (注意力饱和)”. (然而，频繁接触这些标志实际上会让我们的大脑忽视它们。这个过程被称为“注意力饱和”)”可知，本段介绍了频繁接触标志会造成注意力饱和现象。F项意为“实际上，我们的大脑发出信号，让我们忽略我们认为不需要记住的信息。”选项内容能够承接上文，进一步介绍了什么是“注意力
94、饱和”，是我们的大脑发出信号，让我们忽略我们认为不需要记住的信息。故选F。【38题详解】根据空格上句“When we see images such as logos over and over again, we become familiar with them. This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist (梗概) memory. (当我们一次又一次地看到诸如标志之类的图像时，我们就会对它们熟悉起来。这种持续的暴露导致了科学家们称之为梗概记忆的东西)”可知，本段介绍了当我们一次又一次地看到诸如
95、标志之类的图像时，我们就会对它们熟悉起来，这种情况被科学家们称为梗概记忆。E项意为“这意味着我们的大脑只记得基本的想法，而不记得所有的细节。”选项内容能够承接上文，进一步介绍了什么是“梗概记忆”，选项中的“It”代指上文中的“gist (梗概) memory”。故选E。【39题详解】根据空格上句“A fancy design or a thoughtful color combination may be a good start for a logo concept, but there are other factors to consider. (一个精致的设计或一个深思熟虑的颜色组合可
96、能是一个标志概念的良好开端，但还有其他因素要考虑)”可知，本段介绍了如何才能设计出一个好的标志。G项意为“标志设计师需要知道，人们只会记住他们认为是值得的。”选项内容能够承接上文，是对标志设计师提出的一个建议，要想设计出一个好的标志，需要知道人们只会记住他们认为是值得的东西，“人们只会记住他们认为是值得的”正是上文提到的“其他因素”之一。故选G。第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Most young people are accustomed to having online
97、profiles on their mobile devices, such as smart phones, pads, and laptops. These devices contain a significant amount of information about them and their friends and family, including contact numbers, photos and locations. Since they are exposed to cyber more frequently, young people need to be awar
98、e of cyber threats and have a good understanding of cybersecurity, the measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks.Cybersecurity experts continually identify the use of strong, unique passwords as one of their top recommendations. However, because young pe
99、ople have been using passwords online for most of their lives, they might not have stopped to think about how unsafe their passwords actually are. Indeed, strong passphrases, passcodes or other features such as touch identification to lock their devices can help protect their information if their de
100、vices are lost or stolen.Public wireless networks are widely used nowadays, however, they are not safe. which means that anyone could possibly see what you are doing on your laptop or smart phone while you are connected to them. Young people should limit what they do on public WiFi, and avoid loggin
101、g in to personal accounts like email and E-pay. If needing a safer connection, they should consider using a virtual private network (VPN) or a personal mobile hotspot.Finally, information on how to act online is important for the safety of young people. They should be taught that they should add “fr
102、iends” on social media only if they know who he or she is. They should also be made aware that posting pictures of other people without their permission might get themselves into trouble.Starting to use these methods and raising the certain awareness of cybersecurity at an early age can dramatically
103、 improve the security of a young persons online life.40. What is cybersecurity?41. What is the possible danger of connecting to public wireless networks?42. Read the following statement, underline the false part of it and explain the reason. Experts continually recommend young people to use password
104、s frequently because they lack security awareness.43. Please briefly present what you can do to improve your cybersecurity. (about 40 words)【答案】40. Cybersecurity is the measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks. / The measures taken to protect systems, n
105、etworks, devices, and programs from digital attacks. / The measures taken to protect your personal information online. 41. Anyone could possibly see what you are doing on your laptop or smart phone. / What you are doing on your mobile devices will be exposed to other people. / Their personal informa
106、tion may leak out (be unsafe). 42. Experts continually recommend young people to use passwords frequently because they lack security awareness. In spite of frequent use of passwords online, young people may not be aware of how unsafe their passwords actually are. So experts continually recommend the
107、m to use strong, unique passwords. 43. Firstly, I will design strong passwords to unlock my mobile phone. Also, when in public places, I choose to use my mobile hotspot rather than public WiFi. Besides, if strangers ask me to add “friends” on WeChat, I tend to refuse. (43 words)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要
108、介绍了一些提高网络安全的办法。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Since they are exposed to cyber more frequently, young people need to be aware of cyber threats and have a good understanding of cybersecurity, the measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks.(由于他们更频繁地接触网络，年轻人需要意识到网络威胁，
109、并充分了解网络安全，即为保护系统、网络、设备和程序免受数字攻击而采取的措施)”可知，网络安全是为保护系统、网络、设备和程序免受数字攻击而采取的措施。故答案为Cybersecurity is the measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks. / The measures taken to protect systems, networks, devices, and programs from digital attacks. / The measures ta
110、ken to protect your personal information online.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Public wireless networks are widely used nowadays, however, they are not safe. which means that anyone could possibly see what you are doing on your laptop or smart phone while you are connected to them.(现在公共无线网络应用广泛，但并不安全。这意味着当你是
111、连接公共无线网络时，任何人都可能看到你在笔记本电脑或智能手机上做什么)”可知，连接到公共无线网络可能存在的危险是任何人都可能看到你在笔记本电脑或智能手机上做什么。故答案为Anyone could possibly see what you are doing on your laptop or smart phone. / What you are doing on your mobile devices will be exposed to other people. / Their personal information may leak out (be unsafe).【42题详解】考
112、查推理判断。所给陈述“Experts continually recommend young people to use passwords frequently because they lack security awareness.”意为“专家不断建议年轻人频繁使用密码，因为他们缺乏安全意识。” 根据文章第二段“Cybersecurity experts continually identify the use of strong, unique passwords as one of their top recommendations. However, because young p
113、eople have been using passwords online for most of their lives, they might not have stopped to think about how unsafe their passwords actually are.(网络安全专家不断将使用强大、独特的密码作为他们的首要建议之一。然而，由于年轻人大部分时间都在网上使用密码，他们可能不会停下来思考自己的密码到底有多不安全)”可知，专家并不是不断建议年轻人频繁使用密码，而是不断建议他们使用强大、独特的密码，因为尽管经常在网上使用密码，年轻人可能没有意识到他们的密码实际上有
114、多不安全。由此可知，所给陈述的“Experts continually recommend young people to use passwords frequently”部分是错误的，因为尽管经常在网上使用密码，年轻人可能没有意识到他们的密码实际上有多不安全。故答案为Experts continually recommend young people to use passwords frequently because they lack security awareness. In spite of frequent use of passwords online, young peo
115、ple may not be aware of how unsafe their passwords actually are. So experts continually recommend them to use strong, unique passwords.【43题详解】开放题。题目让我们简要介绍你可以做些什么来提高你的网络安全。本题属于开放性试题，根据自己的理解，言之有理，符合文章内容即可。根据文章第二段关键句“Indeed, strong passphrases, passcodes or other features such as touch identification
116、to lock their devices can help protect their information if their devices are lost or stolen.(事实上，如果他们的设备丢失或被盗，强大的通行码、密码或其他功能，如用于锁定设备的触摸识别，可以帮助保护他们的信息)”可知，我们可以通过设计强大的密码来解锁我的设备，在设备丢失或被盗时可以帮助保护我们的信息；根据文章第三段关键句“Young people should limit what they do on public Wi Fi, and avoid logging in to personal acc
117、ounts like email and E-pay. If needing a safer connection, they should consider using a virtual private network (VPN) or a personal mobile hotspot.(年轻人应该限制他们在公共Wi Fi上的行为，避免登录电子邮件和E-pay等个人账户。如果需要更安全的连接，他们应该考虑使用虚拟专用网(VPN)或个人移动热点)”可知，为了提高网络安全，在公共场所，我们选择使用虚拟专用网或移动热点，而不是公共Wi Fi；根据文章倒数第二段关键句“They should b
118、e taught that they should add “friends” on social media only if they know who he or she is. They should also be made aware that posting pictures of other people without their permission might get themselves into trouble.(应该教导他们，只有知道对方是谁，才能在社交媒体上添加“朋友”。他们还应该意识到，未经允许张贴他人照片可能会给自己带来麻烦)”可知，如果陌生人要在社交媒体上加我
119、们为“朋友”，我们应该拒绝。故答案为Firstly, I will design strong passwords to unlock my mobile phone. Also, when in public places, I choose to use my mobile hotspot rather than public Wi Fi. Besides, if strangers ask me to add “friends” on We Chat, I tend to refuse. (43 words)第二节 应用文写作（共20分）44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友
120、Chris和你都喜欢观察和记录生活。他在邮件中询问你记录生活的方式，请你回复邮件，内容包括：1. 你记录生活的方式（日记、vlog等）；2. 你的感受与收获。注意：1. 词数不少于100字；2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入词数。Dear Chris,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Possible version 1:Dear Chris,How is everything going? Knowing that youre curious about how I take a record of my life, Im more than happy to share it with yo
121、u. Since I was a little child, Ive been friends with diary, with whom I can share my deepest feelings and thoughts. When I read my diary page by page, all my memories flash back clearly to me. Its a really valuable record of my growth. Nowadays, many teenagers around me prefer to share their vlogs o
122、n the social media like bilibili or WeChat momets. But as for me, diary is like wine, the longer, the better. It will be my life-lasting friend. What about you? Im looking forward to your earliest reply. （129words）Yours,Li HuaPossible version 2:Dear Chris,How are you doing? Its a pleasure to receive
123、 your email asking me about the ways I record my daily life and Id love to share them with you.I have developed a habit of keeping a diary since I was young. My diary is not only the place where I take down whatever happens to me but a best friend who I can tell my deepest feelings and thoughts to.R
124、ecently, I have been experimenting with vlog, which, as you know, is an increasingly popular way of recording life. Videoing the cherished moments and sharing them on social media is such an experience that I have gained great pleasure from it.In my opinion, whatever the way is, it is to prepare you
125、 to have a taste of the beauty of life. What do you think of it? I am looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Chris回封邮件，告诉他你记录生活的方式。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总分总法要求：1. 你记录生活的方式（日记、vlog等）；2. 你的感受与收获。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）be curious about；take a record of；sharewith；be
126、 friends with；page by page；as for；look forward to第三步：连词成句1.Knowing that youre curious about how I take a record of my life, Im more than happy to share it with you.2.Since I was a little child, Ive been friends with diary, with whom I can share my deepest feelings and thoughts. 3. When I read my dia
127、ry page by page, all my memories flash back clearly to me. 4. Its a really valuable record of my growth.5. Nowadays, many teenagers around me prefer to share their vlogs on the social media like bilibili or WeChat moments. 6. But as for me, diary is like wine, the longer, the better. 7. It will be m
128、y life-lasting friend. 8. Im looking forward to your earliest reply. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second(供参考)2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition(供参考)3.表转折对比关系： But4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, A
129、s a result(供参考) 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】高分句型1 Knowing that youre curious about how I take a record of my life, Im more than happy to share it with you.(现在分词knowing作状语)高分句型2 Since I was a little child, Ive been friends with diary, with whom I can share my deepest feelings and thoughts.(with whom引导非限制性定语从句)高分句型3 When I read my diary page by page, all my memories flash back clearly to me.(when引导时间状语从句)24
