1、初中英语笔记大全l This is the key to the door .这是开门的钥匙。lcall sb. = phone sb. = ring sb. upplease give me a call .请打电话给我l family指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“is”，family指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“are”。l of表示无生命物体的所有格，s表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用of，但有生命物体后要加“s”。l 以副词there或here开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。l Whats your name, please? = Could you tell me you
2、r name, please? = May I have your name, please?l Nice to meet you. = Glad to meet you. = Pleased to meet you.l 写启示的方法：1.启示的主题；2.描述细节；3.留下联系方式。l 表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用dear作感叹词。l 名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如： l get to somewhere (get home除外)到达ll 肯定：Let+宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+ V原型+否定：Dont let +宾语+V原型+/Let + 宾语 + no
3、t + V原型+l have表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“havent”。ll联系动词be动词+ adj.作表语感官动词look 看sound 听smell 闻taste 尝fell 触l 反身代词：myself（我自己） yourself（你自己） himself（他自己） herself（她自己） itself（它自己） ourselves（我们自己） yourselves（你们自己） themselves（他们自己）l How much + be + 商品？（答：Its/Theyre） = What is the price of？（答：It s）l cent 美分 One do
4、llar =100 centsl other(两者中的另一个) another（三者中的另一个）l 越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：big blue hatl 帮助某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth.help sb. with sth.with the help (n.) of sb. e.g. He studies math well, with the help of teacher.l 一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+l Can I help you? = What can I do for you? = (Is there) anything
5、I can do for you?lwelcomea.受欢迎的v.欢迎n.欢迎get a warm welcome 得到热烈欢迎l be动词不加动词原形l “hundred，thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“s”。hundreds of 上百 thousands of 上千l buy sth. for sb. = buy sb.（间接宾语） sth.（直接宾语） 为某人买某物l any body 在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。l for表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。l each强调
6、两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体+第三人称单数every强调三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体There are many trees on each side of the roadThere are many trees on both sides of the roadl the price is low(high) 价格低（高）l也also放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前either放在句末(疑问句、否定句)too放在句末(肯定句)l on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早晨lwhen？答不用具体时间what time？答要用具体时间l比赛contest和智力
7、或知识有关的竞赛gamematch有计划预先安排好的比赛l 持续一段时间的节日一般用“festival”.la kind of一种many kind of许多种all kinds of各种各样l kind of 有几分如：The elephants are kind of cute.l 含有think的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如：She doesnt think they are boring.(她认为他们不无聊)l 问：How are you？答：Im fine. (我很好。)/Just so so.(一般般。)l 表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Two
8、 dollars is enough(足够)。l 怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心，元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音，因此，首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包括“r”），分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：paper /peip/ (pa为开音节) member /memb/ (mem为闭音节) happy /hpi/ (hap为闭音节) sorry /sri/ (sor为闭音节)
9、 certainly /s:tnil/l I am sorry. I cant go with you. （对不起。我不能和你一起去。）l Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much. / Thank a lot. / Many thanks.l You are welcome. / Thats OK. / Thats all right.l Its my pleasure. / With pleasure. （这是我的荣幸。）l make friend with sb. （和交朋友）l Thanks for + n. / v.ing = Thanks
10、 sb. for + n. / v.ingl below 在下方（非正下方）反义词：above 在上面（非正上方，没有接触面）under 在下面（正下方）反义词：on（有接触面），over（没有接触面）在上面（正上方）l keep + sth. + adj. 使某物保持某状态。keep + adj. 保持某状态。l 表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用“some”。l 问：Let答：OK. / All right. / Thats a good idea. / That sounds good. / Sorry.l sport用来修饰名词要变为sports。l play + the
11、+ 乐器 Erhu除外l be动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。l 人民币和日元变复数不变，其他要。l be good with sb. = get on well with sb. 与某人相处的很好l 问：How often does Rick run on weekend?答：Rick usually runs on weekend.l always(总是)usually(通常)often（经常）sometime（有时）seldom（很少）never（从不）l 频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。l 感叹句：What + (a/an)
12、 + adj. + n. + (主) + （谓） ！如：What beautiful flowers they are!How + adj. /adv. + (主) + （谓） ！如：How beautiful the flowers are!l Can you think what his job is? 含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。l Start to do sth. 开始做某事l be famous for 因出名l忙于某事be busy doing sth.be busy with sth.l对某人某事严格be strict with sb.be strict i
13、n sth. / doing sth.ll for + 时间段做某事持续多久l 问：How long do you have volleyball?答：I have volleyball for two hours.l ask sb. some questions. 问某人一些问题ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事l no =not anyl because不和so同时使用，although(尽管)不和but同时使用。llittle修饰不可数名词几乎没有(否定)a little有一些(肯定)few修饰可数名词几乎没有(否定)a few有一些(肯定)l either：两者中的任何
14、一个都行。neither：两者中的任何一个都不。l 用“may”提问的句子回答用can/can t或must / mustn t;用“can”提问的句子回答用can/cant;用“must”提问的句子回答用need/neednt.如：1. May I park my car here? Yes, you can / must. / No, you cant / mustnt. 2. Can I watch TV? Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 3. Must I clean the classroom this morning? Yes, you need. /
15、No, you neednt.l be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid of sth. 害怕做某事/某物l be fond of = likel make a continuation to sth. 对有贡献l do well in = be good at 擅长l 比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越l give back = return 归还l 法国人单数：Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数：Englishman/EnglishwomanChinese和Japanese单复数同形l in the world 在世界上all over
16、 the world / around the world / the whole word 全世界l in the school 在学校里in school 在学校学习l outside 在外面outside the gate to the park 在公园门外l turning 转角l go down + 沿着 路走go straight down + 沿着 路直走l enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事enjoy oneself = have a good time = have funl take a walk = go for a walk = have a walkl th
17、e beginning of 的开始at the beginning of 强调在开始的那一刻in the beginning 起初，一开始from the beginning 开始时from beginning to end 从开始到结束l visit + 地点、参观某地a visit to + 地点、参观某地l have fun doing sth. 做很开心l 地点 + is a great place to do sth. 是一个做的地方l be busy with sth. 忙于某事l the way to 去的路on the way to + 地点 在去的路上on ones way
18、 to + 地点 某人在去的路上on my way to home 在我回家的路上llll 主语 + hope(that) + 从句主语 + hope + to do sth.l live on 靠为生llpay 金钱 to sb. for sth. 为了某物付钱给某人pay 金钱 to sb. = pay sb. 金钱pay sb.付钱给某人l between 两者之间 among 三者或三者以上之间ll Why not do sth. ？ 表建议：为什么不做呢？Why dont you do sth. ? 表疑问：你为什么不要？ll如：People like this kind of an
19、imals, because theyre kind of cute.l in the south of 在南部l asleep 睡着的 adj. fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 正睡着l be friendly to sb. 对某人友好l dont forget to do sth. 不要忘记做某事l tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不去做某事ll 介词 + doing sth.l would like to do sth. 想要做某事l Which place do you live in = W
20、here do you live ?l Isnt he cute ? 否定疑问句l Sam wants to play basketball, doesnt he ? 翻译疑问句l Why not do sth. ? = Why dont you do sth. ?l practice doing sth. 练习做某事l use sth. to do sth.l 比较级中的代词用that ， 如：The map of Beijing is better than that of Tianjin.l said to oneself 自言自语l be careful not to do sth.
21、小心别做某事l do ones best 尽某人的全力ll be satisfied with 对满意l be full of 满是ll 条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：Well have a sports meeting if it doesnt rain tomorrow.l Its (形式主语) + adj. + （for sb.） + to do sth.(主语) 做某事怎么样。如：Its important for him to play the piano . 弹钢琴对他很重要。Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. （adj.应为sb.的本
22、身性质）如：Its kind of you to help me. 你帮助了我，你真好。l go across the bridge 过桥l in + 时间段（将来时）多久后ll What does she do ? = Whats she? = Whats her job?ll 如：I hope I can visit Hong Kong sometime.lll talk to / with sb. 与某人交谈ll be out 外出ll waitress 女服务员ll be late for 做迟到了ll learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学lll sh
23、ow sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.l lately 最近ll thanks for + n. / 动名词l 表语一般放在be动词后，定语一般放在名词前。l be with sb. 与某人在一起ll 描述头发：漂亮 + 长短 + 形状 + 颜色描述人的长相：have / has + hair / eyes / ears / mouth / nose is / am / are + tall / short / thin / heavy / good-looking / of medium height l strong的反义词：weak 虚弱的l love to do
24、sth. 喜爱做某事l wear 用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如：Miss Li is wearing a new dress today. 李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。l popular 流行；受欢迎的 pop 流行ll kind of = a little bit + adj. / adv. = a little bit of + n.ll 多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限定词（the；a） 数词 描绘词 （大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色） 出处 材料性质、类别 名词 llll outgoing 外向的l What fine weather it is ！ = How fine the w
25、eather is ！lll round the world 全世界l junk food 垃圾食物ll be on a visit (n.) to = visit (v.) l stay + adj. 保持lll be angry with sb.ll most of 中的大多数lll He doesnt want to do anything. = He wants to do nothing.l Help oneself to sth. 受欢迎l play a joke on sb. 和某人开玩笑l dress sb. 为某人穿衣打扮l 动词原型及其过去式l to + v.（不定式）l
26、another + n.（单） | |ll Its time for sb. to do sth.l be worry (adj.) about (担心) = worry (v.) aboutlll sothat 如此以致l discuss with sb. sth.lll as soon as 一 就l Stand sth.l Maybe adv.l exercise (v.) = do exercise (n.) / do sportslll How oftenHow manyHow muchHow long 时间多久How far 距离多远How soon 多快 例：How soon w
27、ill you come back ？ In two days.How many times 多少次l result for do sth.l want sb. to do sth.ll Thanks for doing sth.lll be different from 与不同l look after = take care of 照顾（重视）ll style 风格、方式lll the old 老人l kind person 热心人l the same as 与一样l kind of = a little (bit)l keep in good healthy = keep healthyl
28、 make a plan for 为做计划l although = though 让步状语从句：虽然、尽管lll be good at sth. / doing sth.l advice (un.) 建议 a piece of advice.ll lots of = a lot ofllll certainly 当然l sound like + 名词 / 名词词组ll want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 = would like sb. to do sth.ll hope表示有可能实现的愿望。hope to do sth.希望去做某事；hope + that从句（that可
29、以省略）。另外，hope后面+so表示“希望如此”；hope not表示“希望不是这样。wish表示的愿望有点难实现。wish to do sth.希望做某事；wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事；wish that从句，从句所表示的希望一般是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语气。llll Need sth. / to do sth.l Be good for sth. / doing sth.l get 变得ll be with sth.ll western 西方的l 形式主语Its + adj. to do sth.l improve 提高l have a pain in the +
30、 身体部位l 名词修饰名词：修饰词总为单数 woman man 跟着所修饰词单复数变化 sport 作为修饰词总为复数l there be + 主语 + doing sth.l if：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。ll 不擅长：be weak is擅长：be good atl Angry with sb. about sb. 为某事生某人的气。l for表目的，例：We come here for vacation.ll 将来时：1. will + v.(原)2. be going to do sth. 3. 用现在进行时表将来时ll sb. pay 钱 for sth.ll go aw
31、ay 离开l Have a good time = Enjoy yourselfl send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.l show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.lll think (过去式：thought) ：think about sth. / doing sth. 思考l think of ：想起l decide (决定) to do sth. / on sth. / on doing sth.l 在某大洲中心in：Greece is in Europe.（European欧洲的）l leave somewhere 离开某地 leav
32、e for somewhere 离开去某地l planplannedplanningl natural 自然的l finish doing sth. 完成某事l hope to do sth. / 从句ll I cant wait to do sth. 我迫不及待想做某事l the number of 的数量l depend on 依赖于l in the mountain 在山区ll keep + 宾语 + adj.（宾补）ll decide to do sth. / on sth. /on doing sth.l 宾语从句：陈述句语序l get to = reach = arrive in
33、/ atl Would / Will you please + v(原)l sit at the table 用餐l the final(adj. 最后的) exam 期末考试l How 提问方式方法ll 地 + is + 距离 + (away) from B地有具体距离不再用farIts + 距离 + from A to B划线部分提问：Its ten kilometres from my home to school.How far is it from your home to school ？l It take sb.to do sth. 例：It takes him about 10
34、 minutes to ride to the station.l ride 车程 ：An hours bus ride will take you there.ll final = at last =in the endl not all （部分否定）并非所有：Not all students are here.llll a lot / far / much 用来修饰比较级表示差别程度大，差别程度小用 a bit / a littlell What do you think of ？ = How do you like ？l need（实义动词） + sth. / to do sth.l t
35、he number of 的数量，谓动用单数（is）The number of the students is 100.l worry（v.）l invite (v.) invitation (n.)lll discuss sth. 讨论某事llll on ones way to ： 谁在前往的路上by the way ： 顺便提一下inways ： 方面Excuse , youre in my way ： 你挡到我了llll enjoy doing sth.l be good at = as aslllll on the farm : 在农场上l take part in = join in
36、l like helping othersl however = butll make sb. adj. (宾补)l lielyingl another + 数字 + 复数名词l by plane = by airl breakbrokebrokenl be + 过去分词 被动语态ll healthyhealthierllll would like to do sth.l Youd better do sth. / not do sth.l view vju: n. 观点l face to face 面对面l another在做形容词时意为“又一个，再一个，另外的”，其后可以接可数名词的单数或
37、复数。如：I have another two books to read.l another ，the other ，others ，the others another既可作形容词又可作代词，泛指“再一个，又一个”，表示“总数为三个或三个以上中任意的另一个”，表示泛指，可以单独使用；作定语时，修饰可数名词单数，其前不加冠词。如：This dress is dirty ，please change another one for me. the other表示“两个中的另一个”，表示特指，总数为两个；它可以单独使用，也可用the other + 可数名词单数。如：His parents bo
38、th work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse. others用于泛指一些人或事物中其他的，可单独使用或用other + 可数名词复数来代替。注意others后面不可直接加名词。如：Some students like English and other students (others) like physics. the others指一定范围内其余所有的人或物，表示特指。如：This dictionary is better than the others.l 形容词、副词的比较级1. 比较级的定义大多数形容
39、词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更”。比较级前面一般用much ，even ，a little修饰。2. 比较级的构成(1) 规则变化 单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词一般在词尾加er如：calmcalmer talltaller smartsmarter 以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加r如：nicenicer finefiner largelarger 以辅音+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加er如：earlyearlier happyhappier busybusier 以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加er如：
40、bigbigger thinthinner hothotter 多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more如：popularmore popular importantmore important(2) 不规则变化少数形容词、副词的比较级变化是不规则的：goodbetter bad/illworse many/muchmore littleless farfarther/further oldolder/elder3. 比较级的用法(1) 当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词或副词的原级或比较级。 表达“A和B一样”，用asas的结构。公式：A + be动词 + as +
41、 形容词原级 + as + B A + 实义动词 + as + 副词原级 + as + B如：I am as tall as you. He runs as fast as I. 表达“A不如B”用not as/soas的结构。公式：A + be动词的否定形式 + as + 形容词原级 + as +B A + 助动词的否定形式 + 动词 + as + 副词原级 + as + B如：I am not as tall as you. He doesnt run as fast as I. 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构公式：A + be动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + B A
42、 + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B如：I am taller than you. He runs faster than I.(2) 关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法 比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更”，“得”。常见词有much ，a little ，even ，a lot ，a great deal等。如：He is much taller than I. I jump a little higher than he. 比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构，表示具体“大多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。如：I am two years older
43、 than he. This building is 20 meters higher than that one. 表示“越来越”比较级 + and + 比较级（单音节词）；more and more + 原级（多音节词）如：It is getting warmer and warmer.He is running faster and faster.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 表示“越就越”；the+比较级，the+比较级如：The more ，the better The more careful you are ，t
44、he fewer mistakes you will make. the+比较级of the two表示两个当中较的一个如：The taller of the two boys is my brothers.4. 运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题(1) 按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。如：He is more careful than I (me).(2) 只有同类的事物才能比较如：Her bag is bigger than mine. Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kun Ming is m
45、uch better than that of Shenyang. The weather of Kun Ming is much better than Shenyang.5. 加er的双音节词大多以y、ow、er、ple、ble结尾6. 由词根+前缀/后缀形成的形容词+morel 一般现在时一般现在时是指经常发生的动作或存在的状态，其谓语动词用原形，当主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词有三单变化。1. 一般现在时态的句型：(1) 动词为be动词时：主语 + be动词（am/is/are） + 其他部分否定句在be动词后面加not；一般疑问句把be动词提到句首。(2) 动词为行为动词时：一般现在时
46、态的肯定句： 主语+动词原形+其他成分 主语（第三人称单数）+动词s/es+其他成分一般现在时态的否定句 主语+dont+动词原形+其他成分 主语（第三人称单数）+doesnt+动词原形+其他成分一般现在时态的一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其他成分？ Does+主语（第三人称单数）+动词原形+其他成分？一般现在时态的一般疑问句特殊疑问句+一般疑问句？2. 动词第三人称单数的变化(1) 直接加s，如：looklooks sleepsleeps(2) 在字母s，x，ch，sh，o后加es，如：watchwatches gogoes(3) 辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加es，如：studyst
47、udies crycries注意：一般现在时态的特殊疑问句 What does he do on weekend ？ He watches TV .lll as for sth. / doing sth.lllll Pour sth / sth for sb. / sb. sth.l The rain poured down yesterday. 昨晚倾盆大雨。ll Two teaspoons of honey.l should + v.(原)l taste(系v.) + adj.(表)lll add sth. to sth.黑人英雄爱吃番茄土豆NegroesHeroesTomatoesPot
48、atoes名词复数加eslll on (the) toplllll there be : 就近原则 不出现there havel lay(产卵)laidl journey 陆地的旅行llllll prize 奖品奖金 争夺物；值得竞争的目标；口语极好的东西。l buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.ll have fun = have a good time = enjoy doing sth.l all day long 一整天ll be bornl competition做不可数名词时表示竞争，做可数名词时表示竞赛。ll help sb. (to) do sth.l
49、 place of interest 名胜古迹l I will never 我不会忘记l have fun doing sth.ll make history 创纪录ll take off 起飞、脱掉lhappen 发生 ：sth. happen to sb.take a class = have a classl on day offl 一般过去式的时间状语都是明显表示过去的。如：yesterday， last night(week/year), in + 过去的年份(如：in 1998)，ago(如：three tears ago)， just now 等等。l record /rek:d
50、/ n.hold / keep the recordbreak the recordset the new word recordrecord /r ik:d/ v.What are you recording in your book?l start doing sth. = start to do sth.l it says 据说l tooto My brother is too young to go to school.sothat My brother is so young that he cant go to school.l play for 为而战l hiccuppingl
51、createcreativell lovelovely可爱的loving慈爱的ll Osaka usa:k, usa:ka: 大阪l take part in = join in 参加活动（join：加入某组织或团体）ll admire 羡慕 v.tI admire her story.I admire him for his discovery.l see sb. do sth.ll learn sth. / to do sth.l stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做的事l practice doing sth.ll We wont go shopping if i
52、t is rain tomorrow. 条件或时间状语用一般现在时l see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正做某事l to后面加v.原l major inll decidedecisionll What adj. n. 主 谓l be late for schooll move to some wherell Letsshall we？Let uswill you？l what was wrote 更糟糕的是ll holdheldl at the same time 同时l that+定语从句l be rich 变得富有llll British 不列颠l see sb. doing
53、sth.l foreign（外国的）foreigner（外国人）llllll over = more thanl May / Could I do sth.l I agree with you. 我同意你的观点。agree with sb.agree to do sth.l leave ones job 辞职lll down town （adv.） 城市市区l keep： keep fit （体型上）/ keep healthy keep adj. keep doing sth. keep sb. / sth. adj.（宾补）例：Keep the food cool. keep sb. do
54、ing sth. 让某人一直做某事ll of 一般用来赞扬或批评 It is adj. of sb.l once 曾经ll give sb. a ride 顺便搭一程get a ride 搭便车ll start doing sth.l sports startll living room = sitting rooml take out the trash Ul womens singles player 女单选手l plan for thell be like（介） 像l have better （not） do sth. 最好（不）做某事ll one of adj.（最高级）n.（pl.）
55、l borrow sth from sb. 向某人接某物Lend sth. for sb. / Lend sb. sth. 借给某人某物l what for = whyl invite sb. to do sth.l in front of behindin the front of at the back ofl rise 升上來（主動） The sun rise in the east.raise 把升上來 We raise our national flag every Monday.l Detective 偵探l Have great meaning 重要的 Great 重大的l Su
56、ch a little girl. So little a girl. 不可數或複數名詞用suchl Have sth done.讓某物被做某事 Have the computer repaired.讓電腦被修理l fall of = fall down froml disappointing、disappoint、disappointed 失望的l （on與this）+ weekend 不能同時使用l Chemistry kemistri n.化學l Chance ns n. 機會lIf+條件狀語從句+主句一般現在表將來將來l The adj. 一類人l Pass（v.）= v.+ past
57、（介）lnationalityadj.countryn.l How is going 最近好嗎l Have a hard time with sth. / doing sth.l badworseworstl主句從句現在時任何事態He thinks his father will go to Shanghai.過去時過去某個事態l had + 過去分詞 ： 過去完成時l即時轉述Ben told me it was going to rain today.過後轉述Ben told me it was going to rain that daylhopehope to do sth.hope +
58、 從句l Broccoli 花椰菜l Get adj. 變得l Hurry up 抓緊時間l half halveslwhen賓語從句時間狀語從句用一般現在表將來l organize organizationlhalf of them half themhalf of the class = half the classlcomparewith比較to比喻l Its adj. to do sth.l Marks 分數l Mount Qomolanma 珠穆朗瑪峰l Everyone except （Karen and Michael）is going to visit the museum.
59、就遠原則l Destroydistri v. 破壞lyouareaexcellentskater你是一個優秀的滑雪者lgogonebebeenl blow up 引爆l Have / has been doing sth. ：現在完成時lI think he is a good student，isnt it前肯后否前否后肯I dont think he is a good student，is itl賓語從句反義疑問句主語第一人稱反義疑問句與從句保持疑問第二三人稱主句保持一致ldangerous animal對人危險的動物animal in dangerous陷入危險的動物l 現在過去完成時
60、是過去做做做到現在l De Gaulle 戴高樂l Make a living（by）doing sth. 靠什麽謀生lseem adj.seem like n.lmad at生氣mad about瘋狂l One of adj.(最高級) n.(pl.)l Its time for sth.l 一、概念 直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接英语”。间接英语在多数的情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加括号，所引用的话前常用逗号，而不是冒号，引号内直接引语的第一个单词首字母要大些。例如： John said，“I like reading the story.”
61、John said that he liked reading the story.二、直接引语变间接英语 1.陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（在口语中that可省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要相应变化。(1) 人称的变化He said to me，“I broke your CD player.”He told me that he had broken my CD player.”(2) 事态的变化如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句时态则无需变化。如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去式，从句的谓语动词要做相应的变化。直接引语转换成间接引语
62、时的时态变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时He said，“Im afraid I cant finish the work”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish the work.现在进行时过去进行时He said，“Im using a pen.”He said that he was using a pen.现在完成时过去完成时She said，“Ive not heart from him since May.”She said that she had not heart from him since May.一般过去时过
63、去完成时He said，“I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said，“I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.一般将来时过去将来时She said，“Ill do it after class.”She said that she would do it after class.(3) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语转换成间
64、接引语的变化例句直接引语间接引语thisthatShe said，“Ill finish the work this morning.”She said that she would finish the work that morning.thesethoseHe said，“These books are mine.”He said that those books were his.nowthenHe said，“Its nine oclock now.”He said that it was nine oclock then.todaythat dayHe said，“I havent
65、 seen her today.”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.yesterdaythe day beforeShe said，“I went there yesterday.”She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrowthe next/ following dayShe said，“Ill go there tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the next / following day.agobeforeShe sai
66、d ，“He left ten minutes ago.”She said that he had left ten minutes before.herethereHe said，“My sister was here one week before.”He said that his sister had been there one week egoShe said，“Ill come here this evening.”She said that she would go there that evening.(4) 直接引语变间接引语时态不变的几种情况1） 直接引语所述的是客观真理
67、2） 直接引语中有确切的时间状语3） 直接引语是过去完成时4） 直接引语是过去进行时5） 直接引语是经常发生的习惯性的动作6） 直接引语所述的内容是个事实2. 疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（主语在谓语的前面），句末用句号，主语的人称时态和状语等也要做相应的变化。l true a. truth n.l steal stole 偷llittle一些（不可数）小lpleasev.使某人满意；请pleaseda.对什么满意pleasant令人满意的l Chinese Japanese fish deer sheep ：CN单复数同形l Would like
68、to do sth.l Hold v. 保存；包含；涵盖lI collected shells when I was ten.一般过去时I have collected shells since I was ten.现在完成时I have been collecting shells since I was ten.现在完成进行时现在完成时要用since加在过去时间前l Candy wrapper 糖纸l Theatre 剧院；戏，戏剧；集合词(某一国、某一作家的)戏剧作品，戏剧文学。l Since加时间点 for加一段时间lcollect v.collectorcollection n.l
69、Send send 送；寄（强调不当面给）； 打发；派；遣；放；投；掷；射l Probably prbbli ad. 通常位置：实意动词之前：情态、助、be动词之后，语气比perhapsphpsprps、maybemeibi:强l The 比较级 the 比较级 越就越l I am certain = I am surel run ran runrun out of 用尽lstorest:rv. 积蓄，贮藏；储备；把存入仓库，把交给栈房n.=stopl room ru:mrum 【UN】 场所，席位，地位，空间；余地，余裕；机会；室，房间l run out of：主语是人 run out：主语
70、是物l apply for ：申请；请求 （apply for a position 求职）Everyone wants to apply for the job.He applied to the headmaster(hedmst 校长) for the job.l Write in English 用英语写l Another前面不能加定冠词thel since five years ago for five yearsl in pairs ：成对lEurope n.European ju:rpi:n a.n. l Although、though：让步状语从句，不与but连用l Else
71、els 通常修饰不定代词疑问代词l certain s:tn certainly s:tnli 口语回答语当然，自然可以；不错，的确是那样，的确是的l ADVICE1. advice dvais (E) n. 忠告，意见 take(give) ones advice 接受（给予）忠告或建议 语法 advice是不可数名词：一条建议（忠告）误：an advice正：a piece of advice2. advise dvaiz (E) v. 忠告，劝说，劝说；(I) v. 通知(=inform)advise sb.not to do sth.劝说某人不要做某事against doing sth
72、.advise sd. of sth. 向某人通知某事 (搭配同类informinf:rm)辨异“劝说”(advise)不一定“说服”(persuade)adviser, advisor dvaiz n. 忠告者，建议者，顾问3. 忠告advise就是使人(ad-)明白，看见(-vise)的意思，(1) vise=vis=看previse privaiz v. 先见，预知，警告 pre=before 看在前面即是预知supervise su:pvaiz v. 监督；管理 super=over 高高在上地看既是监督revise ri:vaiz v. 校订，改订 re=again 再看一遍加以校订
73、(2) ad=使，ad加在动词前，起加强语气的作用admit dmit v. (mit=send送) 允许进入adopt dpt v. (opt=选择) 接纳，收养触类旁通 advice与advise类易混词类比记忆辨别规则se z ce s (名清动浊)choose u:z(E) v. 选择，挑选(I) n. 甘愿(+to do)devise divaiz(I) v. 设计(机器)，想出(方法)，作出(计划)choice is(E) v. 选择，选择机会 (A) n. 入选者，精华device divais(A) n. 设备，装置(A) n. 设计，方法lby the way顺便提一下on
74、ones way前往某地的路in ones way挡住了某人的路no way不in this / that way通过这样、那样的方式in some way在某些方面l organize :rgnaiz v.organized :rgnaizd a.organization :rgnizein n.l keep silence 保持沉默l province prvins 省，州；pl. 地区，地方； the provinces 乡下l be + 过去分词：被动语态l many years agol It it is a. for f:r f sb. to do sth.l Thanks to
75、多亏l recently ri:snt 新近的；近来的；近代的l AGRICULTURE1. agriculture grikl (E) n. 农业2. “农业”离不开“耕田、种地”，agriculture原意即为“耕耘天地”(1) agricultureagr(田地)agronomy grnmi nomy(法则，学) n. 农学联想 astronomy n. 天文学；economy n. 经济acre eik (A) n. 英亩，田地(acre是agr的变体，k与g清浊辅音交替)acreage eikrideikrid n. 项目数，土地面积(2) agriculturecult(ure)(
76、耕耘)cultivate kltveit (I) v. 耕作，栽培，养殖(A) v. (喻)教养，教化cultivateones land 耕种田地roses 培养玫瑰ones 修心养性culture kl n. 栽培，养殖(I) n. (喻)教养，修养(I) n. 文化，精神文明the culture ofroses 玫瑰栽培mind and body 身心修养辨异 civilization sivlizein 主要指物质文明；culture主要指精神文明。l wonder wnd 惊奇，惊异，惊叹；不可思议，奇异，奇妙；奇异的事情东西，奇迹；奇观；奇才l ALLY1. ally laila
77、i (E) v. 结盟，联盟，联合派生ally n. (同)盟国，同盟者(具体名词)alliance n. 同盟，联盟(抽象名词)the Allies (一战)协约国，(二战)同盟国2. alloy li ally(结合)的同源异体词 n. 合金3. rally rli r(e-)(再度，重新)+ally(结合) (A) v. 纠正，集合，团结 (A) n. 集合，集会，大会 a mass rally 群众大会知rally渊源可易记：rally蕴含着“重新结合到一起”之义：v. 重新聚集，重整旗鼓；n. 再举，复原 The tired solders rallied and drove the
78、 enemy back.疲惫的士兵重整旗鼓，打退了敌人的进攻。l mindwould you mind doing sth? / not do sth?表示同意：No，not at all / Certainly not / Of course not表示不同意：Sorry，but + 理由Mind (not) doing sth.mind ones doing sth.l clothing klui n. (集合词)衣服，衣类；被服l order :rd n. 常 pl.命令；训令；指挥，号令；次序，顺序；整齐；l do / wash the dishesl Could you please
79、 (not) do sth? (圆形我还正方形呢)l in加一段时间用将来时l task ta:sk n. (派定的)工作，任务，功课；艰苦的工作，苦差使l Have you thought of the solution to the problem?lannoy ni 惹恼，打搅；使烦恼annoyed 感到生气annoying 令人生气的l at a meeting 在见面会 at work 在工作l break breik 毁坏，弄坏，损坏，毁损 broke brokenll AMONG，MIX1. among m prep. 在(多数)之中，在中间；一般指“在三者或三者以上之中”2.
80、between表示“在两者之间”，因为其中蕴含着two(twenty)among表示“在三者(以上)之间”，因为其中隐含ming(群体，混合)。mingle migl (A) v. 混合，加入 (-le表示反复动作) e.g.：with mingle feelings 百感交集(a)I found him among the crowd. 我在人群中发现了他。(b)He mingled in (with) the crowd. 他混入人去中commingle kmigl com-=together v. 混合，搀合intermingle intmigl inter-(相互) v. 交杂，混合1
81、. mix miks (E) v. 混合，搀合 (I) v. 混淆，搞混mix up (I) 混合，混淆，搞糊涂译：当油和水混合时，它们容易看出来。误：When oil and water mix，they are easy to tell apart.正：When oil and water mingle，they are easy to tell apart.(承上b句)他混入(mingle)人群中，我们仍能在人群中(among)发现他。mingle与mix不同就在于：多种事物mingle后，各事物仍然保持其个性，而且可以区别或辨别出来；各种东西mix后，就不可区分。故水与油不相mix，但
82、可以mingle。2. admix dmiksdmiks v. 混合，搀合 (with sth.)commix kmiks v. 混合，混杂 (= mix together)intermix intmiks v. 交杂，混合 smiles intermixed with tears 含泪的微笑mixture miks (I) n. 混合，混合物l ANT1. ant nt (E) n. 蚂蚁2. antenna nten (A) n. (蚂蚁)触电 (电视，无线电)天线内在联系你看！“天线”不正形似于蚂蚁的“触角”英美差异l stand stnd v. 坚持；耐，忍耐；忍受；顶住，接受l St
83、h. annoy ni sb.l warn w:rn v. 警戒，警告；训诫，告诫；预先通知，预告l happen / take place 沒有被動語態l Get adj.l behave biheiv v. 处身，行为，做人，举止，表现；(机器等)开动，运转behaviour biheivj n. 行为，品行；举止，态度，举动，表现，行动l take care (not) to do sth. 注意(不)做某事。l social sul adj. 社会的，社会上的；交际的，社交的；喜欢交际的；合群的l normal n:rml adj. 正常的，平常的，普通的；平均的。正规的，标准的。l
84、polite plait adj. 有礼貌的；殷勤的；斯文的；文雅的；有教养的。 impolite implait adj. 没礼貌的，失礼的，粗鲁的。 politely adv.l at first 首先、一开始l keep 宾 adj.l all the time 总是，一直l bodybdi languagelgwid 肢体语言ll Try not to do sth. 尽量不做某事l sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事l join the line 排好队l culture kl n. 教养；修养；磨练。文化，(精神)
85、文明。培养菌，培养组织。l in Europe 在欧洲Britain is a European country.l Its better to do sth.l even if(即使) = although:lu = thoughul Youd better keep your voice down.l situation situein n. (房屋建筑等的)地点，位置；场所。形势，局面。l Break the rule (of)l put out 扑灭；熄灭l Asian einein adj. 亚洲的；亚洲人的。 n. 亚洲人。l common kmn adj. 共通的，共同的，共有的
86、。公众的；公共的。l in public places 公共地方ll Cut in front of you in line. 插队插在你前面。l allow sb. to do sth.l have a break 休息l try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事l Be late to sth. Be late for doing sth.l run ran runl take off 起飞、脱下l almost :lmust:lmust adv. 差不多，几乎，将近，快要。l to ones surprisel asleep sle:p adj.
87、& adv. 睡着，睡熟。长眠，已死。发呆，不活泼。l make up 组成l APPEAR1. appear pi:r (E) v. 出现，出场，问世；(E) v. 好像是，仿佛2. appearance pi:rns (appear的名词) (I) n. 出现，出场，问世 make an appearance 出面，出场；(I) n. 外表，外观 judge by appearance 从外表上判断apparent prnt (appear的形容词) (I) adj. 明显的；(A) adj. 外表的；貌似的 more apparent than real 表面而非实际派生 apparen
88、tly adv. 显然；宛然，俨然，似乎l ARCTIC1. arctic a:ktika:tik a. 北极的；北极圈的；the Arctic 北极(北极在地球仪看来是圆弧的一个端点，故arctic指北极) arc，arch圆弧，统治2. arc a:k n. v. 弧3. arch n. v. 拱，拱门(洞) The Arch of Triumph 凯旋门4. monarch mnrk n. 君主。 词源 古之君王在圆弧形的宫殿中执政。monmonosingle 单一5. Antarctic nta:ktik a. 南极的；the Antarctic 南极 ant-anti，相反，相对ll
89、 make sb. do sth.ll fish单复数同形lhear sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事hear sb. do sth.看到某人做过某事l perfect pfekt adj.完美的；理想的；纯粹的。熟练的，精通的 (in)。lbuy sb. sth.buy sth. for sb.l composition kmpzin n. 编制；结构，构造，组成，组织；成分；合成物。l congratulation kngrlein n. 祝贺；pl.祝词，贺辞。l How / What about sth. / doing sth.ltootoShes too big to
90、 sleep in the house.sothatShes so big that she cant sleep in the house.l trendy trendi adj. l Why dont you v.(原型)lget sth. for sb.get sb. sth.l ARMY1. army a:mi (E) n. 军队，军 (I) n. 大群 an army of antsthe three services (三军): army 陆军 navy 海军 air forces 空军2. army (军队) arm(军器，武器)词源 army 原意即“持武器的人群”arm a:
91、m (I) v. 武装，装备 与arm (手臂) 异源armed to teeth 武装到牙齿词源 所谓“武装到牙齿”原是“一个人两手各执一把刀，牙齿上还咬着一把刀”。They went into the examination room, armed to teeth with pens, pencils and rulers.disarm disa:m v. 解除武器，裁军armour a:m n. 盔甲，装甲 a suit of armour派生 armoured adj. 装甲的；armoury n. 军械库arms (I) n. 武器，武装 arms and ammunition m
92、jnin 武器弹药alarm la:m (“To (the) arms”(拿起武器，准备战斗)之缩略) (I) n. 警报 a fire alarm 火警，an alarm bell 闹钟；(I) v. 惊动，惊恐； (A) n. 惊恐，惊慌l while wail 一段时间；一会儿；(所需、所费的)功夫。l Sth. cost (sb.) some money.l not at all 一点也不l asleep adj. 表语或后置定语 fall asleep sleepy a. 瞌睡的；嗜睡的。l through ru: ad. & a. 穿过，通过，经历；从头到尾，完全，全部；到最后，到
93、底，彻底；透；完毕。直通的，直达的。英国(电话)接通；美国通话完毕。l rather than ：.Id call her hail black rather than brown. .Its you rather than me who will go there. .She is an actress rather than a singer. .She likes singing rather than dancing. .I decided to write a letter rather than (to) make a call.ltoo manyn. C (pl.)too muc
94、hn. Umuch tooa.linterestintrstn. 利益。爱好。I have an interest in learning English.v. 使发生兴趣。Sing English song interests me a lot.interestedbe interested in sth. / doing sth.take an interest in对感兴趣l modest mdst a. 淑静的，贞节的；有节制的，适度的，适中的；不大的。l Jurassic Period dursik pi:ri:d 侏罗纪l Sweden n. 瑞典 Swede swi:d n. 瑞
95、典人l improve impru:v v. 改良，改善，增进。利用，活用。增高(土地等的)价值。l as a.(原) / ad.(原) aslIt takes sb. to do sth.Sth. cost sb. some money.Sb. pays some money for sth.Sb. spendon sth.(in) doing sth.l enter = go into = take park inll advantage dvntid CN 利益，好处。优点，优越性，有利方面；优势。l hear from sb. 收到某人来信 hear from sb.s letter.
96、(收到某人信的来信)l suggest sdest 建议，提议，提出(计划等)。暗示，绕着弯儿讲。suggest sth. / doing sth. / 从句 / to do sth.l make friends with 与谁谁交友l native speaker of English 以英语为母语的人l encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事l 现在完成时不直接跟时间连用l quite a good = a very goodl by heart 用心l Have / Make sth. done 使某物被l satisfy stsfai v. 使满足，使果腹；达
97、到(要求)。令人满意。l learn about 了解lsix months earlier提前六个月six months ago六个月前l instead insted ad. 代替，顶替。l contest n. & v. 竞争，争论。竞赛，比赛。争夺(胜败，土地等)。l Tom is a bad student.So he is 表赞同So is Mary 表另一个也是要倒装l have / has been to 去过lborrow sth. from sb.lend sth. to sb.l yet jet ad. 仍 用法 在现在完成时的句子中，already常用于肯定句，yet常
98、用于否定句和疑问句，但yet还有其他用法。 1. 用于否定句中，意思是“还、尚、迄今、到那时”。l just dst a. 刚才； 仅仅，只是； 正好； 刚要l already :lredi,:lredi ad. 表示现在或过去某时发生的事实已经，早已。l ever ad. 表示否定、疑问和比较曾经，这以前。l so far 到目前为止(常用于现在完成时)l youd better (not) do sth.l rather than 平行对比l不规则动词表be 是(am, is)was,beenarewerebeenbear 忍受boreborne, bornbeat 击打beatbeate
99、nbecome 变成becamebecomebegin 开始beganbegunbabysitbabysatbabysatblow 吹blewblownbreak 断开brokebrokenbring 带来broughtbroughtbuild 建筑builtbuiltbuy 买boughtboughtcan 能could-catch 抓住caughtcaughtchoose 选择chosechosencome 来camecomecost 价值costcostcut 切cutcutdeal 处理dealtdealtdig 挖洞dugdugdo 做diddonedraw 画drewdrawndr
100、eam 做梦dreamed, dreamtdreamed, dreamtdrink 喝drankdrunkdrive 驾车drovedriveneat 吃ateeatenfall 落下fellfallenfeed 喂fedfedfeel 感觉feltfeltfight 打架foughtfoughtfind 找寻foundfoundfly:飞flewflownforget 忘记forgotforgotten, forgotfreeze 冷冻frozefrozenflee 逃跑fledfledget 得到gotgot, gottengive 给予gavegivengo 去wentgonegrow
101、成长grewgrownhang:挂吊死hunghangedhunghangedhave/has 有hadhadhear 听heardheardhit 打hithithold 拿住heldheldhurt 伤害hurthurtkeep 保持keptkeptknow 知道knewknownlay 放置laidlaidlead 带领ledledlie躺；位于说谎layliedlainliedlearn 学习learnt, learnedlearnt, learnedleave 离开leftleftlend 借出lentlentlet 让letletlose 丢失lostlostmake 做madem
102、ademay 可以might-mean 意思是meantmeantmeet 见面metmetmistake 弄错mistookmistakenmisunderstand 误会misunderstoodmisunderstoodovercome 克服overcameovercomeoversleep 睡过头oversleptoversleptoverspend 过度使用overspentoverspentpay 付出paidpaidput 放putputread 读readreadrebuild 重建rebuiltrebuiltretell 重述retoldretoldride 骑roderid
103、denring 响rangrungrise 升起roserisenrun 跑ranrunsay 说saidsaidsee 看见sawseensell 卖soldsoldsend 送sentsentset 设置setsetshake 摇晃shookshakenshall 将should-shine 照耀shone, shinedshone, shinedshoot 射击shotshotshow 展示showedshown, showedshut 关闭shutshutsing 唱歌sangsungsink 下沉sanksunksit 坐satsatsleep 睡觉sleptsleptsmell 闻
104、smelt, smelledsmelt, smelledspeak 讲话spokespokenspell 拼写spelt, spelledspelt, spelledspend 花钱spentspentstand 站立stoodstoodsteal 偷窃stolestolensweep 打扫sweptsweptswim 游泳swamswumtake 拿到tooktakenteach 教taughttaughttell 讲述toldtoldthink 思考thoughtthoughtthrow 投掷threwthrownunderstand 理解understoodunderstoodwake
105、醒；叫醒wokewoken, wakedwear 穿着worewornwill 意愿would-win 获胜wonwonwrite 写wrotewrittenl the 比较级 the 比较级 越 就越l interested of sth. / doing sth.l attract v. trkt 吸引。引诱，诱惑。attraction n. trkn 引，吸引；引力。引人注意的东西；有趣的东西。lsee sb. doing sth.看见某人正做某事see sb. do sth.看见某人做(整个过程)l mean v. & a. mi:n 意，有的意思，意思是。卑鄙的；自私的。l norm
106、al n:rml a. 正常的，平常的，普通的；平均的。额定的，规定的。l in fact 事实上l probably 可能性最大perhaps 可能性居中maybe 可能性最小l hear of / about 听说l character krkt n. 性格，品格；特性，性状，特征；【生物学】形质。l fun fn n. 嬉戏，娱乐，玩笑，兴趣。 have fun a. 有趣的，奇妙的。供娱乐用的，为玩玩用的。l Its a. to do sth.l become bikm 短暂性动词 Ive become a singer.l for + 一段时间since + 过去时间点l 非延续性动
107、词若与一段时间连用，要转为延续性动词l have a probably (in) doing sth. 做某事很困难any+probablynosomel all over the world = all around the worldl such as 一般列举多个例子，其后多加名词for example 其后多用逗号隔开l brave breiv a. 勇敢的。华丽的，漂亮的。 v. 冒 (风雨、危险等)，抵抗；不顾。l get the job 得到工作l 强调句：was who ；its thatl 几分之几：分子用基数词，分母用序数词 ：one thirdl sth. seem a.
108、 seem si:m v. 好像；似乎；好像是。看来好像。l start doing sth. = start to do sth.l be close to 靠近l nature nei n. 自然(现象),大自然；自然界；自然力；天理,道理。natural nrl, nrl a. 自然界的；关于自然界的。野生的。l make sb. do sth.l 相对于过去时间已经做某事用过去完成时l in the past / last 一段时间：用现在完成时l 现在完成时不与过去的时间连用l typhoon taifu:n n. 台风。l Are you interested in English
109、? be interested in sth. / doing sth.Do you take an interest in English? take an interest in sth. / doing sth.l end up 结束 The party usually end up with a song.l go on 进行；参加l province prvins n. 省，州；pl. 地区，地方； the provinces 乡下。l population ,ppjlein 人口 整体：谓：单 个体：谓：复 用large small 修饰lThe classroom needscl
110、eaning every day.to be cleaned.l death de n. 死，死亡。褫夺公权。死状，死法；惨死；死因。绝灭，消灭。l as a./ad.(原级) as a./ad.(原级) not as / so a./ad.(原级) as a./ad.(原级)l Where there is a will ，there is a way. 有志者事竟成。l on board 在船上(在甲板上)l huge hju:d a. 巨大的，庞大的，极大的。a huge gate 【美剧】门票的巨大收入。l fear fi n. 恐怖，畏惧。忧虑，担心，顾虑，不安。(对神的)敬畏。lh
111、ave a hard timewith sth.doing sth.l come along 出现l make if (for sb.) to do sth.l be sure of sth. / doing sth. 对有把握l be part of 中的一部分l show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.l stop from (sb.) doing sth. 阻止(某人)做某事l a bit = a bit of + n.l be动词加过去分词表被动语态l it is said its said 据说l remember do sth.l rise raiz v.
112、上升，升起；起立，立起口语说 stand up，耸起；增大；rise rose risenl take turn to do sth. / doing sth. 轮流做某事l 过去某个准确时间点用过去进行时l 当陈述部分有few little never seldom hardly neither none 等否定词时，后半部分用肯定。l 当陈述句有前后缀变否定的词如 dislike unhappy 等后半部分仍旧用否定l 反义疑问句:确认信息留下话尾给别人说结构:前否后肯,前肯后肯陈述句/祈使句,( )?附加疑问句:类似于一般疑问句人称时态与主句保持一致人称需要用代词:Mary is a b
113、ad girl , isnt she?回答:按事实回答l 祈使句的附加疑问句Lets , shall we?其他祈使句用will you? (include “Let us”)l make sure to do sth. / of sth. / about sth. 弄清楚,查明,确认l across从表面经过 through 从内部穿过 past 穿过走过l feel like 感觉起来像 + 名词/代词/动名词l just：现在完成时 just now：过去时l show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.l why not do sth. l let sb. do s
114、th.l clear kli a. (水等)清澈的，透明的；(天气等)晴朗的，明净的，爽朗的；l suggest doing sth.l make progress in doing sth.l a large number = manyl keep ki: p v. 拿着，保持；防守；履行；庆祝，过 (节) ，过(年)，举行 (仪式)。l in a word 简言之；一言以蔽之lIts adj.of (多指本质)sb. to do sth.for(多指会对其产生什么影响)l for f:r 前置词 表示目标、去向向，往。 连接词 因为。l mind doing sth.l finish do
115、ing sth.l would like to do sth.ll similar siml a. & n. 近似的，相似的，類似的 (to) ；相似物。l 肯定：as as 否定：not so / as as l find + 賓 adj.(賓補)l get over it / theml found was difficultl power cut 停電l by the end of 在之前；到為止l 過去的過去：had + 過去分詞l What to do / I can dolforget to do sth.忘记去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事l 时间状语从句用
116、一般现在时表将来l go across = crossl kick kik v. 踢。解雇。急冲，突跳。反对，反抗；发牢骚。俚语死。l work hard on 在方面努力l achieve i:v v. 完成，做到；获得(胜利等)；达到(目的)，实现。l pick up sb. 接某人回来l sth. surprise sb.l Columbus klmbs 哥伦布地名，美国俄亥俄州首府。lbelieve sb.相信某人的话believe in sb.信任某人l awake、asleep 只能作后置定语或表语l as long as 只要l absolutely bslu:tli, bslu
117、:tli ad. 完全地。确实地。独裁地。l make great progressl be interested in take / show an interesting inl ideal aidi:l a. & n. 理想的，典型的。不切实际的。理想；典型；理想数。l ATMOSPHERE1. atmosphere tmsfi:r (E) n. 大气，大气层 (I) n. 空气2.atmosphere(大气层)sphere(球，圈)sphere sfi (I) n. 圈 范围，领域 a sphere of influence 势力范围cubekju:bprismprizmcylinde
118、rsilindpyramidpirmidsphere立方棱柱圆柱棱锥球体spherical sferkl (A) a. 球形的，球面的hemisphere hemisfi:r hemi-(半) +sphere (A) n. 半球the North Hemisphere 北半球l suggest doing sth.l Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院l has fallen asleep / is asleep / is sleepinglbuy sth. for 钱pay 钱 for sth.l be full of= be filled with前者是主系表结构，full为
119、形容词满的，后者为被动语态，fill为充满的意思。full of 前要加be动词The room is full of people = The room is filled with people.fill sth. with sth. 用把充满Fill the bottle with water.l ATTEND/ATTENTION1. attend tend (E) v. (1) 出席，参加；(2) 照料，护理attendthe meeting 出席会议the patient 照料病人2. attendant(照料)attendant tendnt (A) n. 侍者；护理员；服务员，值
120、班员tend tend attend(2)之略 (I) v. 照料，看护 tend the patient = attend the patient现代英语中spend的过去分词是spent拉丁语中attendere的过去分词是attentusattention tenn attend的名词 (A) n. 照料，治疗The patient received attention of the hospital.1. attention tenn (E) n. 注意，注意力；(E) n. 立正pay attention to (E) 注意。2. 由此知彼，attend照料attention照料由彼
121、知此，attention注意attend(?)attend tend (I) v. 注意留心，专心于(+to) attend to ones businessattentive tentiv attend的形容词 (I) adj. 注意的，留心的attend to what he says注意听他讲pay attention to what he saysbe attentive to what he saysl BALL1. ball b:l (E) n. 球，球状物2. ball(球)大小不分的“球”balloon blu:n ball+ -oon (“大”)；大球 (I) n. 气球ba
122、llot blt ball+ -ot (表示“小”) n. (1) 原义投票用的小纸球(2)投票纸，选票，投票；vi. (秘密) 投票bullet bult bull(ball的变体) +et(表示“小”)；小球 (I) n. 子弹，枪弹(古时的子弹就是沙粒状的小球)3. ball(球)体育上的主要球类baseball beisb:l base(基础)+ball (A) n. 垒球，棒球basketball bsktb:l basket(篮)+ball(球) (E) n. 篮球football futb:l foot(足)+ball(球) (E) n. 足球volleyball vli:b:l
123、 volley(齐射)+ball(球) (E) n. 排球归类记忆法 (1) 球类前不用冠词；(2)“打(踢)”球常用动词play。比赛：game，match 如football等含有单词“ball”的球类比赛常用game，不用match。诸如tennis(网球)，boxing(拳击)，wrestling(摔跤)等比赛用match。4. ball b:l (I) n. 舞会 (比dance豪华的舞会)l homesick humsik a. 想家的，患怀乡病的。l kind to youl hurry h:ri n. 匆忙。vt. 催促，使加快。vi. 赶急，赶快，仓促。l skill ski
124、l n. 技巧，技艺，技能。vi. 起作用；有助于；有影响。l mail idea 主要内容ladvise (v.) sb. to do sth.a piece of advice (n.).l be confident of 对自信l treat tri:t vt. 对待，待遇；vi. 款待，请客；l waste weist a. 荒芜的，不毛的，荒废了的；vt. 糟蹋，浪费。vi. 消耗；l The more care you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.l far, a lot, much, a bit, a little 修饰比较级l a
125、s if(好像) + 句子l Buy / Make sth. for sb.l until + 一般现在时表将来lsometimessometimesome timessome time有时某时几次，几倍一段时间l It is said that (据说) + 从句l have fun doing sth.l be / get excited about sth. / doing sth.l end up with sth. 以结束l begin with sth.l make mistakes in l another 三者以上的另一个l 宾语从句判断标准：时态，连接词，语序l Why no
126、t join us？l end up doing sth.l The window is bright，who has cleaned it？l 情态动词后加动词原形l by + 交通工具(单)l no one 用于人不指物l suggest doing sth. l repeat ripi:t n. 再说，再做，重演；vt. 重做。vi. .重复说做 。l join in = take part inl by doing sth. 通过做某事l notat all 一点也不l have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难l by：在旁边：by the lake 不迟于：he
127、will be all right by supper time.by常用于过去完成时。靠，用：the monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail.被，由：English is spoken by many people. by the way. by ones self.l make made made make 制作 a sentence / poem make a phone call / a decision / a plan make the bedmake moneymake facesmake a mistakemake friend
128、s make it 成功了 make it 8 oclock 约定八点lboring修饰物e.g.：excite / excitingbored修饰人的心理interesting: she is an interesting womanldifferentlyad.differenta.differencen.lby通过方法手段有形with无形by语言单位材料in特征方面与方式心情成语惯用inin用某种材料或某种语言with用工具或人体部位l find sth. a. for sb. to do sth.find it a.find that + 句子l She often keeps pra
129、cticing speaking English.l practice doing sth.l difference 不同点CN 区别UNl realize sth. 实现，实行l feel + adj. The clothes fell soft. 衣服感觉很软l add (that) + 句子add sth. to / on l speak / talk / laugh loudl worryabout Dont worryl realize sth. / 句子l be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be afraid of doing sth. 担心Im afraid s
130、o / not (婉转的拒绝)l also 行前系后 I can also speak English well.l have trouble doing sth.l secret of doing sth. 做什么事的秘诀l to begin with 一开始l deal with = do with = solveI dont know how to deal with problem.I dont know what to do with the problem.l Unless you work hard, you wont catch up with others.l positiv
131、e pztiv a. 确实的，明确的；有自信的；十足的，纯粹的。l 时间、距离、金钱、看成一个整体 Two years goes by.l last la:st vi. 继续；持久，耐久，经久。l complain about sb. / sth.ll magician mdin n. 魔法师，妖道，术士；魔术家，变戏法的人。l its ones duty to do sth.l The TV play ended up with a sad ending.电视剧以悲剧结尾。lused to do sth.过去常常做某事be / get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事Im u
132、sed to dealing with the matters of this kind.be used to do sth.被用来做某事1. There used to be a football field before the war.战争前这有片足球场。2. He used to live here，didnt he？3. They are used to the hard work here.4. Miss Lin didnt use to be thinl hithithit drop vi.&vt. 垂直落下 fall vi. 跌倒l couple kpl n. 一双。夫妇，夫妻
133、，一对舞伴。l cause k:z n. 原因，起因；缘故，理由，根据，动机。不能用于被动语态ll pay attention to doing sth.l Take sb. to some place 带某人到某地 take sb. home 带某人回家l chat t n. 闲谈，聊天。鸣禽。 chat with sb. 与人家闲聊 chat room 聊天室l on the internet 在网上l in the last few years 近几年l with 短语作伴随短语She goes to school with nothing in her school bag.l tak
134、e pride in sth. / doing sth. = be proud of sth. / doing sth.l can / cant / could / couldnt afford to sth. / sth. 花得起，买得起l attention please 立正 “May I have your attention”“通知，通知”l cause k:z n. 原因，起因；缘故，理由，根据，动机。The heavy rain caused the river rise.l spend time with sb. 与谁共度时光l Sb. spends time / money
135、(in) doing sth.l asas possiblel give up smoking 戒烟l make sb. do sth.l It is kind of you. 人本身的性质用ofIt is good for you to kill him. 描述事件用forl tie sth. to sth. 把某物绑在某物上l enemy enmi n. 敌人，仇敌；集合词敌军，敌舰；敌机；敌国。危害物；大害。l seem + adj. e.g. he seems ill.seem to do sth. He seems to be nervous.It seems / seemed th
136、at + 句子l get into trouble 陷入麻烦lbedone (vt.)is / aredonewas / weredone情态动词donewill be donel get / have sth. done 请某人做某事、使某事完成He got / had hair cut yesterday.lagreewithsb.to dosth.onsth.达成共识in doingsth.l instead of doing sth.l concentrate on doing sth. / sth. 全神贯注l volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事l succeed
137、in doing sth.成功做某事l point at 指向近物 point to 指向远物l so + 助v. + 主语 (倒装) 主语也一样 so + 主语 + 助v. 确实如此l yet 用于否定句和疑问句 already 用于肯定句l fair in doing sth.l learn sth. from sb. 向某人学习什么Everyone has strong point ，we should learn from each other.l have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事l reply ：vi. & vt. 回答；答复 make no
138、 reply 没有回音 reply to sb. 回答某人reply 作为及物动词时后面只能加所说的话 reply nothinghe replied that he would go.l teach sb. sth. teach sb. to do sth. teach sb. how to do sth.l succeed sksi:d vi. & vt. 继之后，继续；成功，获得成效；使成功。l I achieved my dream at last. = My dream came true at last.l only + 从句/状语从句放句首要倒装 only + 状(从句) + 系
139、v. / 助v. / 情v. + 主语 + v.原l have a change to do sth. / to do sth.l a + 序数词 表示：又一再一l go out 熄灭l go over 复习l might 可以， 可能。用在情态动词或虚拟语气中l neednt do sth. = dont have to do sth.l What if ？ 如果怎么办l BRING HERE TAKE THEREWho has taken away todays newspaper？Go and get some water.Can you fetch me some water?l If
140、 they had left earlier, we wouldnt have missed the airplane.与过去事实相反If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? 与将来时时刻能相反l rather do sth. than do sth.l be confident of sb. / sth. 对某人某事有自信l dare to do sth. 敢于做某事 dare not do sth. 不敢做某事l permit pmit vi.&vt. 许可，准许，放任；使可能。允许，容许 (of)。permit sb. to do st
141、h. = allow sb. to do sth.l be friends with sb.l introduce vt. 引导，带领。介绍。使开始经验体验。引进。提出(议案等)。introduce oneself 自我介绍Its my honour to introduce my teacher to everyone.l invited sb. to do sth.l not in the slightest = not at alll plenty of 許多的 後可加可數名詞亦可加不可數名詞l would / had rather do sth. than do sth. would
142、rather not do sth.不愿做某事would do sth. rather than do sth.lprefer A to Bprefer doing A to doing Bprefer to do sth.比起B更喜欢A喜欢做某事l stomach stmk n.&vt. 胃。胃口，食欲；消化。忍耐，忍受。 stomachsl The money is mine the rest is yours. the rest of 其余的Some foot has been eaten up ，and the rest of food in the ice-box has gone
143、bad.l let sb. down 让某人失望l company kmpni U n. 交际，交往；做伴；伴侣；朋友；来客。in the company of 在谁的陪伴下l offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. = provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 提供给某人某物l have experience (in) doing sth.l worst of all 最糟糕的是l another day 改天 the other day 前几天l keep sb. doing sth.l volunteer to
144、 do sth.l truth tru: n. 真理；真实；真相，诚实，老实。精确度。l though u ad. 可是，但是，然而，不过还是；话虽这样说。l hide sth. from sb. 把某物藏起来不让某人看到l refuse refju:s vt. 拒绝，谢绝，不肯(承认、服从等)；拒婚主指女子拒绝男子。l hurt vt. 某人受伤，常用于被动语态 He was badly hurt. I hurt myself.vi. 伤口疼痛 My leg hurts.hurt (vt.) = injure ,injure 指伤势较重，hurt 可表感情创伤 hurt my heartwo
145、und waund n. 伤，负伤，创伤；损害，损伤；屈辱；苦痛；a wound solderpain pein n. 痛，疼痛；产痛，阵痛。费心，苦心； have a pain in 身体部位l work out 解决；算出l make up 组成；化妆；百分比l pick sth. upl put on 举起；张贴 put off 推迟l tongue t n. 舌；口条食用的牛舌等。口才，说法；语言；国语；方言；国民。l much + 比较级l sth. belong to sb. 宾sth. must belong to sb.sth. must be sb.l At ones app
146、ointment. It snowed all day but stop snowing during that night.l anxious ks a. 忧虑的，焦急的。切望的，急想。使人不安的。be anxious for / about sb. / sth. = be worried about 担心某事或某人on the anxious seat 坐立不安l Its a. + 句子 句子为真正主语l may ：允许 否定：mustntl ability bilti n.能力，技能；pl. 才，才能，才干。 不行：disabilityl She dropped the bottle o
147、nto the floor.l have to do sth. = must to do sth.l 情态动词后加动词原形l READING MAKES A FULL MAN 阅读使人充实l strange streind a. 古怪的，陌生的；异乡的，strange fish 口语怪人。l these days 最近；近几天l like 像 unlike 不像l an ocean of ；(in) oceans of 极多的l escape from / out of = run awayll sth. run outsb. run out of sth.sth. be used upsb.
148、 use up sth.By this time he had used up his saving.l 情态动词 + be + ving 表示对正在进行的情况进行推测At this moment our teacher may be correcting our examination paper.情态动词 + have + 动词的过去分词 表示对过去的推测The road is wet ，it must have rained last night.l drop drp n. 滴；液滴，滴剂；微量，耳坠；降落；(物价)下跌，落差；A pin could be heard to drop.
149、一根针落在地上也听得见，寂静之极。Drop down from the tree.They saw sth. drop out of his pocket.(价格、温度)下降 风声变弱Price dropped / risedA drop of waterl Could you please (not) do sth?l Might 有“规劝”的意思。You might pay more attention to spoken English.l chase eis vi.&vt. 追随，追逐。寻觅。驱除。chase a cat out of the gardenl pretend to do
150、 sth. 假装做某事。 pretend that + 句子l attempt to do sth. 企图做某事 Dont attempt to do so many things in such a short time.l all alone 独立 She is sitting all along in the hall.l get on / off the bus / ship / planeget into the carget out of the carl All that = whatl lift lift vi. vt. 使升起，鼓舞。搬运；拔起；消散。水涨船高，l be ma
151、de to do sth.l fall off = fall down froml Jim dislikes people who talk much but never do anything.l turn it off turn it on turn it up turn it downl fill with 装满l have experience (in) doing sth.l found it a. to do sth.l sinksanksunk sik vi. 沉没。沉入地平线下；沮丧，跌落，渗下，退落。l lyrics 多用复数l prefer sb. to do sth. =
152、 want sb. to do sth.ll take sb. homel remind sb. of 让某人记起 This song reminds him of his mother.l who / that 在定语从句中谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致I prefer shoes that are cool.I have a friend who plays sports.l 当关系代词在句中作宾语时关系代词可省略。l We are trying to help those children who lost their parents in Yushu, Qinghai Provinc
153、e.l Zhang Jun did win the first prize in yesterdays competition.张军的确赢了昨天的比赛l as usual 像平常那样l be sure that + 句子be sure of /about sth. 对某事确信，有把握make sure that + 句子make sure of sth.l In his eyes, whatever I did was wrong. 在他眼里我做什么都是错的。l wherever = no matter where whoever = no matter who.l Can you stand
154、 the cat?I cant stand to wait the bus.l fellow felu n. 同伴，伴侣；匹敌者，对手；l He was lucky enough to catch the bus.l suit sb. 着重于颜色，色料方面的适合 Thats a nice blouse, it suits you prefer.fit sb. 用于衣着鞋帽形状大小方面的合适 The shoes dont fit you.l expect ikspekt vt. 期待，预期，预料expect sb. to do sth.expect to do sth.They expect t
155、o finish the work by Friday.l increase vi.&vt. Production生产 can be increased greatly.l Its a. to sb.Its a. for sb. to do sth.l 当先行词one of 复数名词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句谓语动词用复数形式。若先行词为the (only) one of + 复数名词在定语从句中做主语时定语从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。l 先行词代表人或物在定语从句中做定语时用关系代词He lives in a house whose windows face south。l 当先行词
156、代表物时下列情况只能用that 而不用 which一、 先行词为all / little / much / everything / something / anything / none / the one 等不定代词时二、 先行词有only / all / any / little / few / no / very 等修饰词时三、 先行词是序数词或有序数词修饰，形容词最高级或有形容词最高级修饰时四、 有两个先行词一个指人一个指物五、 主句是特殊疑问句疑问词为who 或 which时。l stay away from = keep away froml finding faindi n.
157、发现；发现的东西。 pl.结论；研究结果；常用复数l in which为非限定性定语从句，先行词为survey。l so that 以便，为了。He worked so that everything would be ready in time.ll be filled with = be full ofl Thousands of years has passed 几千年过去了l else修饰疑问句what，who，which，when，where，how等不定代词something，everythingl As the old saying goes, he who never been
158、 to the Great Wall is not a true man.俗话说得好：不到长城非好汉ll close klus 1. vt. 关(窗等)，闭(眼等)；盖(盖子等)；锁闭，封闭，塞，隔绝。2. a. 关闭着的，密闭的。秘密的。窄狭的，紧密的；严丝合缝的，吻合的。3. ad. 精密地，细密地，紧密地。秘密地。接近，密接；亲密地。l pack vt. 包，把打包，包装，把包成一捆；美国把装罐头。l customer kstm n. 主顾，客户，(打交道的)人，美口观众，听众。l take a trip = have / make a tripbe on a trip 在旅行be on
159、 a visit to 在参观l mind (not) doing sth. Would you mind my sitting here？l a. / ad. enough (for sb.) / to do sth.(not) a. / ad. enough (for sb.) to do sth.l leave为短暂性动词，不与一段时间连用。l marry短暂性 married延续性l dream of doing sth.l according to sth. 根据l quite a few = manyl be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事be unwilling
160、 to do sth. 不乐意做某事l fantastic fntstik a. 空想的，异想天开的。奇异的，古怪的。l consider + n. / doing sth. 考虑l a piece of informationask for information on sth.a man of wide information 见多识广l continue sth. / to do sth. = go on to sth. 继续做某事l We can see through the glass 看过沙漠l 介词on表示状态，方法等，意思是：“进行中，在中，状态。”l trek trek v
161、i.南非英语 (坐牛车)旅行； pay attention to doing sth.l so a. that + 句子such + n. + 句子l do harm to sb. 伤害某人l give out = hand out 分发l Cant help doing sth. = cant stop doing sth. I cannot help thinking so.l sign sain 记号，信号，表示。广告(牌)。形迹l not only but alsoNot only do I feel good about helping other people, but also
162、I get to spend time doing what I love to do.l 动词加介词：say hello to 其后必须带宾语，都要放在介词之后l put sth to good / bad use 善于、不善于利用某物l help sb. out 使某人脱离困境l be able to do sth. 能够做某事（可用于任何时态）be unable to do sth.ll fix sth. up = repair = fasten fsn 上紧，扣紧(钮子等)。l fill A with B 用A充满B be full of = be fill withl support
163、 sp:rt vt. 维护。赞助。维持。激励。忍耐。l be used for sth. / doing sth.l run out of 时间、精力、钱、物l broadcast br:dkst 撒播的；广泛散布的。广播的。撒播。广播节目。l work out 被证明；结果是 work it out 算出来l make it a.l appeal pi:l 呼吁；要求。l Be careful of the glass broken by the cat.l divide sth. into sth.l on time 准时 in time 及时l make it 成功了l convince
164、 sb. 使某人相信l set off 出发 引爆 衬托 set about sth. 开始，着手 set out 出发l clerk 个体 stuff 整体 （职员）l dress up as 穿得像 dress sb. 给谁穿衣服l in order to 为了l I live right here. right 在此表强调l This sign SAYS “NO PHOTOES”l It is better to do sth. 最好做某事l be similar to 像ll marry (to) sb. 与某人结婚 a marring man 一个盼望结婚的人 a married man 已婚l or not 用whether 58
