1、-1-Section 单元语法突破-2-Section 单元语法突破 语法指南 一、will 和 be going to 表示推测、揣想1.will 表示以直觉为依据对未来的主观看法,而 be going to 强调以现在所出现的迹象或某些事实为依据,显示将来要发生的事。I think the box is very heavy.Ill help you carry it.我认为这个盒子很重,我来帮你搬。Her face is so pale.She is going to faint.她的脸色如此苍白,她要晕倒了。2.be going to 和 will 都可用以表示意图,但强调事先考虑好的
2、意图用be going to,表示并非事先考虑好而临时作出的决定用 will 表示将来。I have dreamed to be a doctor,so Im going to study medicine in university.我一直梦想当一名医生,所以我在大学将学习医学。Daddy,please.I cant do this exercise on my own.Its too hard.爸爸,我自己不会做这个练习,太难了。All right.Ill help you with it.好的,我来帮你。-3-Section 单元语法突破 语法指南 3.在含有时间状语从句及条件状语从句的
3、主句中一般应用will/shall 表示将来,而不用 be going to。If it snows tomorrow,well all stay at home.如果明天下雪,我们都将待在家里。When I see him,I shall tell him about that.我见到他时会把那件事告诉他。4.will 还可以表示承诺、主动给予、要求或邀请。If you need any help,I will always be there.如果你需要帮助,我会一直帮你的。Will you come to my birthday party?你愿意来参加我的生日聚会吗?-4-Section
4、 单元语法突破 语法指南 二、虚拟条件句if 引导的条件句可以表示真实的情况,也可以表示和事实不相符合或假设的情况。当 if 条件句表达的是不真实的或假设的情况我们则常需用虚拟语气形式。1.表示现在不可能发生的事,或与现在事实相反的事,if 条件句用过去时态,而主句则用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”,其中 if 条件句中如果谓语是 be,则应用 were,而一般不用 was。If I were you,I would apply for a job in the south.我要是你,我会在南方申请一份工作。If Dad were here,he would s
5、upport me.如果爸爸在这儿,他会支持我的。-5-Section 单元语法突破 语法指南 2.表示将来不可能发生的事,或与将来事实相反的事,if 条件句用过去时、should do 或 were to do 结构,而主句用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。If you passed the exam,everything would be all right.如果你通过这次考试,一切都会好起来。I would do it in a different way if I were to do the job.如果我做这份工作,我会用不同的方法来做这件事。The
6、 football match would have to be cancelled if it should rain this weekend.如果这个周末下雨足球赛就不得不被取消了。3.表示与过去事实相反的事,if 条件句用 had done,而主句用“would/should/could/might+have done”。If you had been more careful you would have passed the exam.如果你再小心点,你就已经通过考试了。-6-Section 单元语法突破 语法指南 4.错综时间条件句有时,虚拟条件句中,如果主句和条件从句的谓语动作
7、若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作出相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实相反。如:If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了。If they had informed us,we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实相反。如:If he were free today,we would have s
8、ent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her,he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。-7-Section 单元语法突破 语法指南 5.含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文中或用其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如 without.,but for.等。如:But for his help,we would be working now.要不是他的帮助,我们现在还会工作呢。Without you
9、r instruction,I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。We didnt know his telephone number;otherwise,we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。-8-Section 单元语法突破 语法指南 6.当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were,should,had 时,if 可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把 were,should,had 等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。如:Should he
10、agree to go there,we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。Were she here,she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。-9-Section 单元语法突破 语法指南 7.有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句He should have finished it.他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam.你本能通过这次考试的。省略主句If I were at home now!要是我现在在家里该多好啊!If only I had got it!要是我得到它了该多好啊!8.注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词 be 的过去时态一律用 were,不用was。如:If I were you,I would go to look for him.如果我是你,就会去找他。