1、四川2017高考英语阅读理解【主旨大意题】讲解及选练（含答案）阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧一、设题方式 The passage is mainly about .Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? Which of the following is the best title for the passage?What would be the best title for the passage? Whats the main theme of the passage?
2、Whats mainly discussed in the passage? 二、干扰项特点1. 断章取义。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。2. 以偏概全。干扰项常常以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要内容。3. 主题扩大。干扰项归纳、概括的范围过大。4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B上。三、解题指导解题时需要快速了解作者的写作方法，理清文章结构，找到主题句或主旨句。作者表现文章主旨的方式一般有下面几种：1. 正三角形写作法 主题出现在首句或者首段。开门见山提出主题，这是英语中最常见的写作方式。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”、“导语”，实际上就是提出主题。大
3、部分说明文也是如此。例1：ks5u2013年福建卷阅读理解E篇A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth. Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg, the programs founder, said: “We set up You
4、ng Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”75.What would be the best title for the passage?A. Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young InspirationsB. Young People Find a World of OpportunityC. Kieran, Banbury School Pu
5、pil to ParisD. Debates Help Youth with Their Grades解析：B。本文的第一句A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth便是全文的主题句，它点明了本文主要涉及的内容。由此可知，导师制为年轻人提供了改变生活的机会。例2：ks5u2013年重庆卷阅读理解C篇Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first
6、wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.67. What is the passage mainly about?A. The beginning of road design.B. The development of transport wheels.C. The history of public transport.D. The invention of fast-moving vehic
7、les.解析：B。本文开门见山地提到wheel，点明了文章的主题。再综合后文的内容可知，全文讲述了车轮的发展历程以及道路设计对车轮发展的影响。2. 倒三角形写作法主题句出现在文尾，即先表述事实细节或论据，然后在结尾点出主题或结论。例：ks5u2013年广东卷阅读理解B篇Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. Im
8、not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances dont come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and thats just the reality of how life is.However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make
9、 it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, itll require even more time, time that most people wont put in.Whatever you do, if you want to become great at
10、it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If youre not willing to put in the time and work, dont expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work wont guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you
11、will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.35. What is the main theme of the passage?A. Having a goal is vital to success.B. Being good is different from being great.C. One cannot succeed without time and practice.D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.解析：C。由第二段
12、开头的However可知，本文的主题论点不在第一段，而在后文。最后一段对全文进行了总结，根据该段第一句if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time可知，本文的主题思想是“人们不付出时间和练习是不可能取得成功的”。3. 菱形写作法比较常见的是问题答案型写作法，作者在一开始或某一段末以问句形式提出一个问题，然后给出该问题的答案(Type 1)。另外还有一种常见的写作方法，此
13、类写作法常出现在现象解释型文章中，作者开始叙述某一现象，然后对该现象进行解释(Type 2)。常用于Type 1的表达：why, result in, bring about, lead to, give rise to, trigger, cause, affect, have an effect on, sothat, so that等。常用于Type 2的表达：result from, because, since, now that, lie in, because of, owing to, thanks to, the reason for doing sth.等。例1：ks5u2
14、013年天津卷阅读理解C篇Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip w
15、ith Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey and the best part of yourself. 50. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Charm of the DetourB. The Road to BraveryC. Creati
16、vity out of NecessityD. Road Trip and Country Life解析：A。本文一开头就引入话题“绕行”。作者这些年来为了贪图便捷快速一直走高速路，而这次因为照顾年幼的孩子而不得不选择乡间公路，这次经历让她和孩子们欣赏了大自然的美景，发现了绕行路的魅力。detour在本文中是一个出现频率极高的词汇。本文在第一段通过诗人的话就引出detour，文中又多次被提及，作者在文章的最后一句点明了主题，即绕行路充满了魅力。例2：ks5u2013年广东卷阅读理解D篇While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for he
17、r business law class, a monitor (监控器) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to onli
18、ne education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid that students havent just searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern ov
19、er cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty
20、at a distance.45. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A. The Advantages of Online ExamsB. The High-tech Methods in Online CoursesC. The Fight against Cheating in Online EducationD. The War against the Booming of Online Education解析：C。本文先通过一个具体的事例引出要讨论的话题，文中的In the battle against
21、cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education和the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.”等句点明了本文的主旨内容。【跟踪训练】Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They dont listen because they
22、already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (
23、机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our
24、 landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot and my boss so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and sa
25、id, “We need to put the landing gear down now!” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overre
26、act, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when Im in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”. Which of the fo
27、llowing can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying SafeB. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorC. The Making of a Good PilotD. A Pilot-Turned Doctor参考答案及解析：B。本文作者采用了倒叙。第一段叙述故事的结果，从而引出下文的故事。而第一段中的becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon是文章的中心句。Listening well also requires total c
28、oncentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as bracketing. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes.
29、Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way. The energy required for listeni
30、ng well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth. What is mainly discussed in the passage?A. How to listen well.B. What to listen to.C. Benefits of listening.D. Problems in listening. 参考答案及解析：A。本段第一句Listening well also requires total concentration
31、upon someone else为关键句，阐明了文章的中心思想，即：真正的聆听要求专注于说话者。【2016高考训练】阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑)Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legib
32、ility(清晰度)But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes“mindlessly”by taking down word for word what the professors sa
33、id.In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual notetaking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.The resea
34、rchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers report said，“While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are
35、taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears.”In another experiment aimed at testing longterm memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.Thes
36、e two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.1More and more students favor laptops for notetaking because they can_.Awrite more notes Bdigest concepts betterCget higher scores
37、Dunderstand lectures better2While taking notes，laptop users tend to be_.Askillful Bmindless Cthoughtful Dtireless3The author of the passage aims to_.Aexamine the importance of longterm memoryBstress the benefit of taking notes by handCexplain the process of taking notesDpromote the use of laptops4Th
38、e passage is likely to appear in_.Aa newspaper advertisementBa computer textbookCa science magazineDa finance report答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。1A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)”
39、可知，学生越来越多地使用笔记本电脑记笔记是因为它的速度和清晰度，这说明用笔记本电脑记笔记速度快、记得多。故选A。2B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught”可知，研究已经发现笔记本电脑的使用者没能记住和应用教给他们的概念。由此可推知，笔记本电脑的使用者在记笔记时是不动脑子的。故选B。3B解析：推理判断题。本文通过实验发现了用笔记本电脑记笔记的不良效果和用手记笔记的优势，两者相比突
40、出了用手记笔记的好处。故选B。4C解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。由此可推知，本文应该出现在科学杂志里。故选C。（2015模拟题）Archaeologists Discover 110 New Warrior Statues in ChinaAfter being barried for centuries,110 new warrior statues has been discovered in Xian，China.The statues are part of a colle
41、ction of lifesize figures of warriors and horses called the Terracotta Army(兵马俑).The group of more than 7,000 lifesize clay sculptures was built in 210 B.C.to guard the tomb of Chinas first emperor，Qin Shi Huang.Shen Maosheng，from the Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum，said archaeol
42、ogists had located another 11 warriors but had not yet begun to dig the sculptures up.“The most significant discovery is that the relics that were found were wellpreserved and colorfully painted，” Maosheng told AFP.The Warriors HistoryThe sculptures were discovered by a group of farmers in 1974.Whil
43、e digging a well，the workers found three pits filled with the lifelike figures，which were made of a type of terracotta clay.Experts say that long ago，Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered the creation of the clay army，along with a 20squaremile tomb in which to house it.For 36 years,700,000 laborers built th
44、is underground city.It contains models of palaces and towers，and was protected from intruders(闯入者) by.The city lay buried for more than 2,000 years.A Worldwide AttractionToday，people from around the world visit China to see the terracotta warriors.What makes the soldiers so special？Each figure was i
45、ndividually carved，so they have different hairstyles，expressions and facial features.The details make the soldiers appear true to life.Inside the pit，the statues are arranged by military rank.The higher the rank，the taller the statue.The shortest statue is 5 feet 8 inches.The tallest is 6 feet 6 inc
46、hes.The lower half of each soldier is made of solid clay，while the upper half is hollow.This makes it easier for the figures to remain upright.Great WallThe discovery of Xians 110 new warriors comes after a new finding about the Great Wall of China.An archaeological survey revealed the Great Wall of
47、 China is more than twice as long as previously thought.The wall originally measured 5,500 miles but now measures 13,170 miles.Beijing officials plan to open two new sections of the Great Wall and to expand other areas to make room for more tourists.1.The Terracotta Army was buried underground to .A
48、.guard Qin Shi Huangs tombB.guard Qin Shi Huang and his familyC.show how powerful the Qin Dynasty wasD.honour a war that broke out in 210 B.C.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，兵马俑被埋在地下是为了保卫秦始皇的陵墓。答案选A。2.The newly discovered warrior statues are special in that .A.they were in the same uniformB.they were differ
49、ent sizesC.they were colorfully paintedD.they were made of solid clay答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知，在西安发现的兵马佣不仅保存完好，而且是彩绘的。答案选C。3.The terracotta warriors can stand upright because .A.they were arranged by militaryB.they were supported by soil from all sidesC.each figure looked different from the othersD.the low
50、er half is heavier than the upper half答案D解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，兵马俑的下身是实心的，上身是空心的，由此可推知兵马佣的下身比上身重，所以能够直立。答案选D。4.Why will two new sections of the Great Wall be open?A.To allow more tourists to visit.B.To make the visit more interesting.C.To show how long the Great Wall is.D.To have a true picture of Chi
51、nese history.答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Beijing officials plan to open two new sections of the Great Wall and to expand other areas to make room for more tourists.”可知A正确。【2016年三省四市高三模拟考试英语能力测试】阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。CThe following simple exercise routine works as well as prescription medication(药物治疗)-without th
52、e side effects A jog a day could keep your headaches at bay: Regular cardio workouts(有氧锻炼) may prevent migraines（偏头痛）, a growing body of research suggests.Migraine patients had fewer headaches after doing 40-minute cycling workouts three times a week for three months, according to a Swedish study.Th
53、e exercise routine worked just as well as one of the top migraine-preventing drugs topamirate but without the side effects of depression and tremors(刺激).Cardio workouts can help with regular headaches, too, says Alexander Mauskop, M.D., director of the New York Headache Center in Manhattan.There are
54、 a couple of theories on how it works.Breaking a sweat may relieve stress, says Dr. Mauskop. Headaches are often triggered by stress, and if you remove the trigger, you release the pain.The feel-good chemicals produced when you exercise actually block your pain sensors, acting as a natural painkille
55、r.Since headaches can be caused by many different factors like genetics（遗传）, lack of sleep, or certain foods, cardio wont be the solution for everyone, Dr. Mauskop says. But one German study found that it helped 65 percent of patientswhich makes it as effective as the best medicines on the market.Dr
56、. Mauskop recommends his patients do a half-hour reasonable intensity (强度)cardio, like jogging, biking, or swimming three times a week. These workouts are meant to be slow and steady, as opposed to high-intensity intervals that alternate between all-out runs and rest.Pushing yourself too much or inc
57、reasing the intensity too quickly can trigger headaches in some people, so make sure your heart rate doesnt jump above 150 BPM. If you dont have a heart rate monitor, then breathe only through your nose. Youll know youre going too hard if you cant keep up that breathing pattern.Your migraines could
58、start disappearing in a couple of weeks, Dr. Mauskop says. 1. According to the passage, the author may agree that_. A. jogging, swimming and fishing are cardio workoutsB. neither cardio workouts nor topamirate has side effects C. migraine patients can be cured by regular cardio workouts D. cardio wo
59、rkouts will be the solution for everyone with migraines2. The underlined word “triggered” in Paragraph 7 can be replaced by _. A. cured B. released C. caused D. monitored3. The feel-good chemicals produced can help with regular headaches because_.A. it eases the stress B. it breaks a sweatC. it prevents migrainesD. it blocks your pain sensors 4. What would be the best title? A. A cure for headacheB. Side effects of migraineC. The causes of headacheD. Advantages of cardio workouts参考答案14、CCDA 版权所有：高考资源网()
