1、考点12 宾语从句一、教材重点回顾：宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句在中考中是重点考查内容，主要考查知识包括宾语从句的引导词、宾语从句的语序及宾语从句时态对应及否定迁移等。1. 宾语从句的引导词在复合句子中，作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。例如：I want to know whose book this is.我想知道这是谁的书。宾语从句的引导词有三种：1）that；2）whether/ if；3）特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等。例如：He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。Your mother asked if y
2、ou could finish your work this week.你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？(1) 以that引导的宾语从句：that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗？He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。(2
3、) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句：从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否”。Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。I dont care whether you like the story or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。【注意】以下情况一般只用whether不用if。1) 接带to的动词不定式。She doesnt know
4、 whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。2)与or not连用时。Im not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。(3) 特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等引导的宾语从句：此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：Could you
5、 tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门？He didnt tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。2. 宾语从句的语序由whether/ if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。Where does your father work? Can you tell us? Can you tell us where your father works? 你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？Did you get ho
6、me very late? He asked me. He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。3. 宾语从句的时态对应(1) 如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。例如：My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般将来时）我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。My teacher says he is watching TV. （现在进行时）我的老师说他正在看电视。My teacher says he has seen the movie. （现在完成时）我的老师说他已经看过这部电影
7、了。(2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。例如：My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。My father said the he had already seen the movie. （过去完成时）我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。【注意】如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. （一般现在时）我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。4. 宾语从句的
8、否定转移主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：I dont think theyll wait to the last minute，will they？ 我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟，他们会吗？I dont believe he did this, did he? 我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？二、中考考点梳理1、宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether (是否)、特殊疑问词。连接词 that, (that 只在从句中起连接作用，
9、不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam 我相信她考试及格了。【注意】 that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that .（据说）；It is known that .（众所周知）；It is reported that .（据报告）等当作固定句式来运用。如：It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作“是否
10、”讲。从句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch我问他是否吃中饭了。 I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not 我问他是否吃中饭了。【注意】一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。1). 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。I dont know whether or not they will come
11、. 我不知道他们是否会来。2). 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。He dosent know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。3). 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。4). 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。Whether he is single, I dont know.我不知道他是否单身5). 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。We
12、 discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气）我们讨论过我们是否要关店。 6). 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。He asked me if I hadnt finished my work. 他问我是否已经完成了作业 。 what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如： I dont understand what you said (what 作 said 的宾语)。我不明白他说的东西。I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。我问他
13、是什么让他得病了。【注意】当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 Whats wrong with you? 怎么了？ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.Whats the matter? 怎么了？ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him他怎么了? We want to know what has happened to him. who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词
14、外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for.我知道她在找谁。whose 如： I want to know whose book this is.我想知道这是谁的书which 如： Do you know which book is mine?你知道哪本书是我的吗？在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，how 它的应用最广，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old 。如： Can you tell me how much does it cost? 你能告诉我它多少钱吗？when 它只是连接时间
15、状语，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? 请告诉我会议什么时候开始。where 它连接地点状语，如： Could you please tell us where are you from?你能告诉我们你来自哪里吗？ why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to school. 老师问Tom为什么没有来学校上课？2、宾语从句的语序:A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)。例如: I want to know if he can come tomor
16、row.我想知道他明天是否能来。B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词。例如: She asked me who had helped him.她问我谁帮助了他。3、宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀即可:“主现则从任,主过则从过，客观真理一般现A.主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。例如: 1.He tells me he studied English in England last year.他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。B.主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态
17、分别是：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。例如: He told me that he liked playing football.他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。例如: He said the moon goes around the earth.他说月亮绕着地球转。一、 典例分类1. .Youve no idea _ to build a new airport. Let me tell you, young man. Thats billions of dollars!A. how much it will cost.B. how lo
18、ng it will take usC. how much will it costD. how long will it take us【答案】 A【解析】句意：你不知道建一个新机场要花多少钱。让我告诉你，年轻人。那是数十亿美元！本题考查同位语从句。同位语从句要用陈述句的语序，因此排除C/D；根据Thats billions of dollars! 那是数十亿美元！可知，上文应该问的是建一个新机场要花多少钱。而不是多长时间。故选A。2.Do you believe that humans could live on Mars?I dont think _.A. if it comes tru
19、eB. that it will come trueC. why it will come trueD. how does it come true【答案】B【解析】句意：你认为人类能在火星上生活吗？我认为这是不能实现的。if it comes true它是否是真的；that it will come true它会成真的；why it will come true它为什么会成真；how does it come true它是怎样成真的。根据对话的意思可知，这里应表示说话人对这个问题的观点，A、C和D意思不对，宾语从句的引导词应该用that，故选B。3. .In order to take a
20、pleasant trip to Kunming, Dave emailed me to ask _ .A. what was Kunming most famous for B. what Kunming was most famous forC. whether is summer a good time to comeD. whether summer is a good time to come【答案】 B【解析】句意：为了去昆明旅游愉快，戴夫给我发电子邮件，问昆明最有名的是什么。宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除选项AC；结合句意为了去昆明旅游愉快，戴夫给我发电子邮件，问昆明最有名的是什么可
21、知，主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去时，选项D时态不对，也语意不通。故选B。4. Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave BeijingD. when they would leave Beijing【答案】 C【解析】根据句意：你能告诉我他们什么时候离开北京吗？可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除A 、B；主句中的could表示语气的委婉，不是过去时，故从句用一般将来时。故选C。5. .Linda, could you
22、 remember _?Have you forgotten we agreed to go to Hongkong?A. where are we going after examB. where we are going after the examC. where are we going to after the examD. where we are going to after the exam【答案】B【解析】根据句意：琳达，你还记得考试后我们要去哪里吗？你忘了我们答应去香港了吗？考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除 A、C；where不跟介词连用。排除D。故选B。6. .I don
23、t know _ we will go. Why not？ We will go to the beach for a picnic. A. WhereB. WhenC. how【答案】 A【解析】句意：我不知道我们将去哪里？为什么不知道？我们将去海滩野餐。结合will go to the beach for a picnic，可知问的是地点. A. 哪里；B. 什么时间；C. 如何。选项A符合题意，故选A。7. .She was so angry at _ he was doing _ she walked out without a word. A. what; that B. that;
24、 what C. what; what D. that; that 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她对他所做的事很生气，以至于她一言不发地走了出去。第一空考查what引导的宾语从句；第二空考查sothat如此以至于。故选A。8. .Can you tell me _ on Fathers Day?Guess what? Well I wrote a poem for my dad. A. when did you shopB. where you goC. what you did【答案】C【解析】根据句意：你能告诉我在父亲节你做什么吗？猜猜是什么？我给我爸爸写了一首诗。可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语
25、序，故排除 A；结合 I wrote a poem for my dad，可知连词是what。 故选C。9. .Could you please tell me _ mooncakes traditionally in China, Li Hua?During the Mid-autumn Festival. A. when people ate B. when people eat C. when do people eat【答案】 B【解析】根据句意：你能告诉我人们什么时候吃中国传统的月饼吗，李华？在中秋节期间。可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除C；从句时态是一般现在时。 故选B。10.
26、 【2019 海南省中考】Sandy, do you know _?Yes, some news about black holes. A. what Tom is searching forB. what is Tom searching forC. who Tom is searching for【答案】A【解析】根据句意：桑迪，你知道Tom正在找什么吗？知道。关于黑洞的一些新闻。可知考查宾语从句，用陈述语序，故排除B；结合Some news about black holes，可知连词是what。故选A。二、易混易错点拨1.（江苏省无锡2017中考）No one doubted _ th
27、e Germans _ win the 2018World Cup again. A. if; can B. whether; could C. that; could D. that; can【答案】C 【解析】句意：没有人怀疑德国人再一次赢得了2018年的世界杯。doubt的肯定形式，后面接的宾语从句用问句；doubt是否定形式时，后面接的宾语从句用陈述句。根据No one作主语，故表示没有人怀疑，这是doubt的否定形式，故后面用that引导的陈述句作宾语从句。doubted是一般过去时，故后面接的宾语从句的谓语用过去式，故为could，故选C。2.Hi, Amy, you live o
28、n Center Street. Can you tell me _? Sure. There is one called Grandmas Home. A. where it is B. how I can get there C. if there is a restaurant on it【答案】C 【解析】句意：你好，艾米，你住在中心大街。你能告诉我在那条大街上是否有一家餐馆吗？当然可以。那里有一家叫外婆家的餐馆。where it is 它在哪里；how I can get there我如何到达那里；if there is a restaurant on it在那条大街上是否有一家餐馆
29、。根据Sure. There is one called Grandmas Home.可知此处询问那里是否有餐馆。故选C。3.Excuse me, I wonder _. Yes, its near the bookstore. A. where we will go for the holiday B. if there is a lost and found office C. when she will give a call D. how we can go to Hong Kong【答案】B【解析】句意：打扰一下，我想知道是否有失物招领处？有，它在书店附近。A. where we w
30、ill go for the holiday我们将要去哪里度假；B. if there is a lost and found office是否有失物招领处；C. when she will give a call她将什么时间打电话；D. how we can go to Hong Kong我们怎么去香港。根据回答，故选B。4. .He asked me _.A. if I would go skating with himB. when did I buy the CDC. that I had a good time【答案】 A【解析】句意：他问我 _。A. if I would go s
31、kating with him是否愿意和他一起去滑冰。B. when did I buy the CD我什么时候买CD；C. that I had a good time我过得好。从He asked me知本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，可排除B选项；asked后的宾语从句是由疑问句转化来的，所以选项C的关系词不对，可排除，故正确选项是A。5. .Is this the new dictionary _ you got yesterday?Yes. Now its very convenient for me to look up words.A. that B. why C. w
32、hat【答案】A【解析】句意：这是你昨天买的新的字典吗？是的，现在对于我来说记单词是非常方便的。A. that那个；B. why为什么；C. what什么。这里是what引导的宾语从句。根据题意，故选A。6. .Do you think _ at home on computer in the future?Yes, I think they neednt go to school.A. kids will studyB. did kids studyC. kids studiedD. will kids study【答案】A【解析】句意：你认为孩子们在将来会在家里在电脑上学习吗？会的，我认为
33、他们不需要去学校。本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除B和D，且根据in the future可知，用一般将来时，故选A。7. .I want to know if he _ back tomorrow. Ill call you as soon as _. A. will come; will return B. will come; returns C. comes; will return【答案】B 【解析】句意：我想知道他明天是否回来。他一回来我就打电话给你。分析句子得知，在I want to know if he _back tomorrow中，if引导的宾语从句，意思是是否
34、而不是如果，时态不遵循主将从现，根据后文tomorrow，故用一般将来时态will come，下文中as soon as 表示一就，它引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，as soon as 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，结合句意和语境可知选B。 8.I wonder if our foreign teacher Mr. White _ to his hometown next Tuesday. Im not sure. But if he returns to his hometown, Ill _ him off. A. return；see B. will return；see C.
35、 will return；will see【答案】B 【解析】句意：不知我们的外籍教师怀特先生下星期二是否回家乡。我不确定。但是如果他回家乡，我会送他。连词if有两种用法，一是引导宾语从句，意思是是否，当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可为需要的任意时态；二是引导条件状语从句，意思是如果，时态遵循主将从现。故选B。9.Excuse me. Could you please tell me _? Sure. Go along this street and turn left. Its on your right. A. when I can get to the bookstore B. when
36、can I get to the bookstore C. how I can get to the bookstore D. how can I get to the bookstore【答案】C 【解析】句意：打扰一下，你能告诉我怎样到达书店吗？当然可以。沿着这条街走，然后向左拐，就在你的右手边。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，所以排除B、D；根据回答Go along this street and turn left.可知在问路，故选C。10.The project is so difficult for your cousin. Yes, I am wondering _. A. that
37、he will finish it on time. B. how could I help him out C. whether he can finish it by himself D. if can I do anything for him【答案】C 【解析】句意：这个项目对于你的表哥来说太难了。是的，我正在想他能否按时独自完成这个项目。am wondering可知，后面的宾语从句不能用that来引导。故排除A；宾语从句的语序应该是陈述语序，排除B、D，故选C。1. Nobody knows _ to visit our school. A. when will he come B.
38、 when does he come C. when he will come D. when he does come【答案】 C 【解析】句意：没有人知道他何时来参观我们的学校。根据题意可知这里是when引导的宾语从句，要用陈述语序，根据题意可知是一般将来时，其结构是will+动词的原形。故选C。2. You should stick to _ you have begun. A. whenever B. no matter what C. since D. whatever【答案】 D 【解析】句意：你应该坚持你已经开始的东西。A.无论何时；B.无论什么；C.自从；D.无论什么。no m
39、atter+疑问词引导让步状语从句；疑问词+ever既可引导让步状语从句也可以引导名词性从句。故选D。3. You have spent too much time playing computer games. Thats _ your eyes hurt. A. why B. how C. what D. when【答案】 A 【解析】句意：你花费太多的时间玩电脑游戏，那就是你的眼睛疼痛的原因。why为什么；how怎样，如何；what什么；when什么时候。根据句意You have spent too much time playing computer games是your eyes h
40、urt的原因，故应选A。4. The teacher asked us _. A. when did I finish my work B. why didnt we tell him about it earlier C. what we were interested in D. where we are going to have our lunch【答案】 C 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序。故首先排除A、B，又因为主句为过去式，应排除D项，故选C。5. Jack, could you tell me _? Sure. In the post office on Gre
41、en Road. A. where you bought the stamps B. where did you buy the stamps C. when you bought the stamps D. when did you buy the stamps【答案】 A 【解析】句意：杰克，请你告诉我你在哪里买到这些邮票的？当然。在格林路的邮局。考查宾语从句的用法，从句要用陈述语序，同时，结合答语体现询问地点，因此引导词用where，故选 A。6. Can you spare time to come to our Thanksgiving party? Well, I dont kno
42、w _. A. that I can finish my work by then B. if can I finish the work by then C. whether I can finish the work by then D. that can I finish the work by then【答案】 C 【解析】句意：你能抽出时间来参加我们的感恩节聚会吗？哦，我不知道到那时我是否能完成这项工作。此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。根据句意，故选C。7. I hope you do not mind my asking, but I wonder _ it may be
43、 possible for me to share the room with you. A. that B. if C. which D. how【答案】B 【解析】句意：我希望你不要介意我问，但是我想知道我是否有可能和你分享一个房间。这是一个if引导的宾语从句；A. that 引导宾语从句，它本身无意义；B. if引导宾语从句，是否；C. which引导宾语从句，哪一个；D. how引导宾语从句，怎样。故选B。8. Im not sure _ the highway will close soon. Lets set off earlier. A. whether B. when C. h
44、ow D. why【答案】 A 【解析】句意：我不确定高速公路是否会很快关闭，让我们早些动身吧。A. whether是否；B. when 什么时候；C. how如何；D. why为什么。soon不久，很快，表示时间，因此句子不能再用when来引导，结合句意可知，答案为A。9. David asked me _. A. if I will be free that day B. whether or not I would be free that day C. where do I come from D. when will I leave here【答案】 B 【解析】句意：大卫问我那天是
45、否有空。考查宾语从句的时态和语序。宾语从句要用陈述语序，首先可以排除C、D选项；asked为ask的过去式，当主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去时态的某种形式（客观事实和真理除外），这样A选项也不符合题意，答案为B。10. Could you please tell me _? Yes, sure. A. if there is a bookshop near here B. where can I buy a stamp C. when will the next bus arrive D. you like to eat what【答案】A 【解析】句意：你能告诉我这里附近是否有一个书店吗
46、？是的，当然可以。根据Could you please tell me可知，本题是考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序。选项B、C是疑问语序，所以排除掉；D项的疑问代词应该位于句首，也排除掉；再根据回答Yes，sure. 可知宾语从句含有疑问的语气，所以应用if来引导，故答案选A。11. Im not sure _ there are living things on other planets or not. Even scientists arent sure about it. A. whether B. where C. why D. that【答案】A 【解析】句意：我不确定在其他的星球中是否有生物。甚至科学家都不能确定这件事。A. whether是否；B. where在哪；C. why为什么；D. that作引导词时无意义。根据下文Even scientists arent sure about it.可知这里是说是否，用whether引导，故选A。
