1、语法填空解题指导（续）在第21、22期的报纸上，我们解密了语法填空无提示词类的考查，下面将与同学们一起探讨语法填空中有提示词类的考查(词形转换、非谓语动词、动词时态及语态、形容词或副词比较级)。了解考查项目在句中的语法功能是做这类试题的关键。1. 考查词形转换近几年来，词形转换大多是形容词变副词，其他是名词变形容词、动词变名词、动词变形容词。例1 He must be 20 (mental) disabled. (2011广东省高考)解析：mentally。副词mentally用来修饰后面的形容词disabled，mentally disabled意为“智障”。例2 His teacher t
2、ook a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. (2010广东省高考)解析：warmly。warmly用来修饰前面的动词smiled。例3 We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night.(2007广东省高考)解析：merrily。merrily用来修饰前面的动词talked。例4 One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musi
3、cal festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day.(2011广东省高考)解析：later。late作副词时，意为“迟，晚”。根据句子逻辑含义可知句意：那天我早些离开了(音乐节)是因为随后我有个约会。later意为“随后，后来”。例5 This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course.(2008广东省高考)解析：natural。此处填形容词natural修饰course。例6 But Jan
4、e knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009广东省高考)解析：choice。此处填名词choice作宾语从句的主语。例7 Mary felt 18 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.(2012广东省高考)解析：pleased。由于主语是人，故此处用pleased。例8 “That would be a very 19 (reason) thing to do in a bi
5、g city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.(2013广东省高考)解析：reasonable。此处填形容词reasonable修饰thing。例9 “But such a small thing couldnt 23 (possible) destroy a village.”(2013广东省高考)解析：possibly。possibly用来修饰后面的动词destroy。2. 考查非谓语动词这类考查包括对动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词的考查。(1) 考查现在分词例1 He spit it out, 37
6、(say) it was awful. (2010广东省高考)解析：saying。由于say这一动作是由主语He发出的，故填现在分词。saying在句中作伴随状语。例2 I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. (2011广东省高考)解析：sitting/sit。根据固定用法notice sb. do/doing sth.可知，此处应填sitting或者sit。例3 He suddenly appeared in class one day,
7、16 (wear) sun glasses.(2012广东省高考)解析：wearing。wear这一动作是由主语He发出的，故此处填现在分词。wearing在句中作伴随状语。例4 “In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up to
8、day.” (2013广东省高考)解析：thinking。think这一动作是由主语everyone发出的，故此处填现在分词，thinking在句中作伴随状语。(2) 考查过去分词例 While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.(2007广东省高考
9、)解析：settled。get sb. settled“把某人安顿好”。(3) 考查不定式例1 For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.(2008广东省高考)解析：to help。不定式作目的状语。例2 She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. (2009广东省高考)解析：to please
10、。主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词(difficult, easy, hard, etc.)+动词不定式(用主动形式表被动含义)。【跟踪训练】 1. Everything seemed to be going (smooth) for the first two days after I moved to New York. 2. Harry is feeling (comfort). He must have drunk too much at the party last night. 3. This is by far the most (inspire) movie that I have
11、 ever seen. 4. I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are more (meaning) things to do. 5. Generally, students inner motivation with high (expect) from others is essential to their development. 6. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer will create many economic (possible) ar
12、ound the world. 7. Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their (nature) desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. 8. (tradition), college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey. 9. David is (allergy)
13、 to animal fur, so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.10. The famous (music), as well as his students, was invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.11. The Forbidden City attracts a constant stream of (visit) every day, especially during national
14、holidays.12. A society cannot be (success) if it throws tradition away.13. I stayed up late (write) a report last night.14. Not knowing which university (attend), the girl asked her teacher for advice.15. The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.16. Laura was away in P
15、aris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail (wait) for her.17. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words (use) in daily conversations.18. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.19. (recycle) is one way to protect th
16、e environment; reusing is another.20. The sun began to rise in the sky, (bathe) the mountain in golden light.21. You cannot accept an opinion (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.22. Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you have it (memorize).23. Lionel Messi, (set) the record fo
17、r the most goals in a year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.24. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.25. (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.26. (know) basic f
18、irst-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.27. Anyone, once (test) positive (阳性的) for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. 28. Would you mind (answer) some questions on shopping habits?参考答案及解析：1. smoothly。此处填副词smoothly修饰be going，意为“顺利地”。2. un
19、comfortable。根据句意可知，此处需用一个形容词，表“不舒服的”，填uncomfortable。3. inspiring。此处填形容词inspiring修饰movie，表“鼓舞人心的”。4. meaningful。根据句意可知，此处填形容词meaningful修饰things。5. expectation(s)。根据句意可知，此处需填名词expectation(s)，表“期望”。6. possibilities。根据many一词可知，此处需填一个名词复数形式表“可能的事”，填possibilities。 7. natural。此处填形容词natural修饰名词desire。8. Tra
20、ditionally。根据句子结构可知，此处需填一个放在句首的副词。9. allergic。此处填形容词allergic，be allergic to意为“对过敏”。10. musician。根据his students及后面的谓语动词was invited可知，此处需要一个名词表身份或职业，填musician。11. visitors。根据句意可知，此处填名词复数visitors，表“游客”。12. successful。此处填形容词successful作表语。13. writing。由于write这一动作是由主语I发出的，故此处填现在分词。14. to attend。此处是“疑问代词whi
21、ch + to + 动词原型”作宾语的用法。15. to be completed。根据next year 和will可知，这个机场还未竣工，又因为complete和airport是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处填to be completed。16. waiting。 there be sth. doing为固定结构，表示“有某物正处于某状态”。17. used。动词use和all words是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处填过去分词。18. telling。tell这一动作是由主语my mother发出的，故此处填现在分词。19. Recycling。此处填动名词Recycling作句子的主语。20.
22、 bathing。bathe这一动作是由主语The sun发出的，故此处填现在分词。21. offered。由于offer和an opinion是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处填过去分词。22. memorized。此处是have sth. done的固定结构。23. having set。set这一动作发生在is considered之前，所以用完成时态。由于set这一动作由主语Lionel Messi发出，故填having set。24. being reduced。此处填being reduced，与and前的suffering构成并列关系，一起作after的介词宾语；又因为reduce与主语
23、the city是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。25. Founded。found这一动作和主语the school是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词。 26. Knowing。此处填动名词，作句子的主语。27. tested。此处是“连词 once+过去分词”的结构（由于是被检测，因此用过去分词），在句中作状语。28. answering。此处是mind doing sth.的固定表达，故填answering。3. 考查谓语动词时态及语态 “一般过式时”是近几年语法填空谓语动词考查的重点。此外，还考查了“过去进行时”以及表虚拟语气的“had done结构”。例1 The sun was se
24、tting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village.(2007年广东省高考)解析：broke。sb. was doing sth. when sth. did表示“某人正在做某事时，这时发生了”。例2 Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to
25、 get to a bargain. (2009年广东省高考)解析：pushed。根据前面的连词or可知，此处应用一般过去时与stepped在时态上保持一致。stepped和pushed作并列谓语。例3 After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.(2010年广东省高考)解析：presented。年轻人把水赠送给老年人是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。例4 He 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
26、(2011年广东省高考)解析：was pretending。根据下文giving it a voice可知，此处应用过去进行时。was pretending和(was) giving作并列谓语。例5 He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school. (2012年广东省高考)解析：had bought。as if从句所表达的内容与事实相反，表示对过去的虚拟，故用had done结构。例6 Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inf
27、orm). (2009年广东省高考)解析：was informed。她的母亲高兴地说：“你的父亲最终决定戒烟了。” Jane被告知。由于动作发生在过去并且Jane是动作的承受者，故此处填was informed。 例7 Suddenly, he 16 (find) that he had run out of salt.(2013年广东省高考)解析：found。宾语从句中的had run out of salt为过去完成时，所以主句应为一般过去时。故此处填found。4. 考查形容词或副词的比较级近几年来，出现了对单音节形容词或副词比较级的考查。例1 The teacher replied,
28、“You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be 39 (sweet).”(2010年广东省高考)解析：sweeter。根据句子逻辑含义及语法可知，此处应填sweet的比较级sweeter。“nothing(具有否定含义的不定代词)+谓语+形容词比较级”表达最高级含义。句意为：没有什么比它更甜的了(言外之意它是最甜的)。例2 He was very tired after doing this
29、 for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high).(2008年广东省高考)解析：higher。根据句子逻辑含义及语法可知，此处应填high的比较级higher。句意为：这样做了一整天之后，他非常劳累，但是他觉得很高兴，因为庄稼确实“长得”更高了。例3 It might have made it a little 21 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the k
30、ids in the class.(2012年广东省高考)解析：harder。根据句子逻辑含义及语法可知，此处应填hard的比较级harder。句意为：对于所有的人（学生）来说，这更加困难，因为他们不得不转身，但这并不能阻止班上的孩子们（这样做）。【跟踪训练】 1. Hurry up, kids! The school bus (wait) for us! 2. Briggs will take over as general manager when Mitchell (retire). 3. It was with the help of the local guide that the
31、mountain climber (rescue). 4. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he (have) it for a very long time. 5. We are confident that the environment (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 6. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers (repair) one of the
32、main pipes. 7. I felt very tired when I got home, and I (go) straight to bed. 8. A Midsummer Nights Dream (open) at the Theatre Royal next week, and then tours throughout Scotland. 9. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I (be) president,” said the boy, with a smile.10. I dont underst
33、and why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. Im so sorry. But I (do) my homework.11. From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface (cover) by water.12. Im calling about the apartment you (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about
34、it?13. Its much (easy) to make friends when you have similar interests.14. I think I am a (nice) person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not forget these experiences. 15. It may not be a great suggestion. But before a (good) one is put forward, well make do with it. 参考答案及解析：1. is waiting。由
35、Hurry up可知，说话者表述正在发生的事，故此处使用现在进行时。2. retires。主句中的will take over为将来时态，那么when引导的时间状语从句须用一般现在时表将来，故填retires。3. was rescued。根据前面的was可知，rescue这一动作发生在过去，另climber为rescue这一动作的承受者，故此处填was rescued。4. had had。根据句子意思可知，have这一动作发生在sold之前，故使用过去完成时。5. will be improved。根据are和further可知，improve这一动作发生在将来，又因为improve和en
36、vironment为逻辑上的动宾关系，故使用被动语态。6. are repairing。根据has been cut off temporarily可知，水源已被切断且还未恢复，故repair这一动作还正在进行中，所以此处应为现在进行时，填are repairing。7. went。由并列连词and和前面的felt可知，go这一动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时。 8. opens。虽然next week表将来的时间，但根据and then tours可知，此处为一般现在时表将来，填opens。一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事。9. will be。根据前面的问句可知，小男孩是在
37、谈论还未实现的将来的理想，故此处填will be。10. was doing。因为答语是针对过去一个具体的时间点进行解释的，故使用过去进行时。11. is covered。根据句子意思可知，此处是在陈述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，又因为about seventy-one percent of its surface是cover这一动作的承受者，所以填is covered。12. advertised。the other day意为“前几天”，故此处为一般过去时。 13. easier。much可修饰形容词的比较级，再根据句意可知，此处应填easy的比较级形式easier。14. nicer。根据后面的than可知，此处应填形容词的比较级形式。15. better。根据句子意思可知，此处是指“一个更好的建议”，故填better。
