1、必修1Direct Speech and Indirect Speech(I):statements and questionsUnit 1 GrammarObjectiveTo learn and use the direct speech and the indirect speech in statements and questions.语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。Look at the following sentences.1.Teacher:Hi,Anna.Ar
2、e these your pencils?(新目标七年级上册U3)2.Hello,Im Peter.I like to play basketball.(新目标七年级下册U1)3.Lin Hui:Im going to Tibet for a week.(新目标八年级上册U3)4.She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.(新目标八年级下册U4)5.“I cant do anything about that,”says Yang Lei,“but I can open up my students ey
3、es to the outside world and give them a good start in life.”(新目标八年级下册U4)6.Your best friend said it was great.(新目标八年级下册U7)7.She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.(新目标九年级U1)8.“Well,I think I should be allowed to make decisions for myself,”he says.(新目标九年级U3)9.On Monday,he
4、 told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes.(新目标九年级U8)Sentences from this unit:She said,“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,but I want this diary itself to be my friend,and I shall call my friend Kitty.”to test your sense of observation
5、to test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessFind the difference between direct speech and indirect speech.1.Teacher:Hi,Anna._ these your pencils?2.Hello,_ Peter._ to play basketball.3.Lin Hui:_ going to Tibet for a week.4.She said _ having a su
6、rprise party for Lana on Friday night.direct speechdirect speechdirect speechindirect speechAreImI likeImshe was5.“_ do anything about that,”says Yang Lei,“but _ open up my students eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.”6.Your best friend said _ great.7.She said that memorizi
7、ng the words of pop songs also _ a little.direct speechindirect speechindirect speechI cantI canit washelped8.“Well,_ I should be allowed to make decisions for myself,”he says.9.On Monday,he told a radio interviewer that _ run out of money to buy old bikes.10.She said,“_ to set down a series of fact
8、s in a diary as most people do,but _ this diary itself to be my friend,and _ call my friend Kitty.”direct speechindirect speechdirect speechI thinkhe hadI dont wantI wantI shall1.I am mad at Marcia.She said _ mad at Marcia.2.I am having a party for Lana.She said _ a party for Lana.Fill in the blanks
9、.she wasshe was having3.I go to the beach every Saturday.He said _ to the beach every Saturday.4.I will call you tomorrow.He told me _ call _ the next/following day.5.I can speak three languages.She said _ speak three languages.he wenthe wouldshe couldme以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察
10、情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,”said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.direct speechindirect speechindirect speechdirect speech“Does a friend always have to be a person?”the writer asks us.The writer asks us if a frie
11、nd always has to be a person.Observe and fill inWhatre the differences between direct speech and indirect speech?Differencesdirect speechindirect speechTo report what exactly has been saidThe words usually appear in quotation marksTo report what has been said without using the exact wordsNo quotatio
12、n marks引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫_;直接引语用自己的话转述别人的话，叫 _。间接引语直接引语通常都用_括起来，引号“”间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个_。宾语从句How to change direct speech intoindirect speech?a.Change what has been said to an b.object clause or an infinitive phrase;b.Change personal pronouns;c.Change tenses;d.Change adverbials of time andplace;e.Other cas
13、es.He said,“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.He said to me,“Ive left my book in yourroom.He told me that he had left his book in my room.b.Change personal pronouns:I said to her,“I have done my best.”I told her that I had done my best.Direct speechIndirect speechDirect speechI
14、ndirect speechSimple presentSimple futurePresent continuousPast perfectSimple pastPresent perfectcontinuousPresent perfectPast continuousPast perfectPast perfectFuture in the pastPast perfectPast perfectcon-tinuousc.The changes of the tensesSimple past He said,“I lost a key here yesterday.”He said t
15、hat he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day.“I read the book here a week ago,”Jane said to him.Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before/earlier.d.Change adverbials of time and placeDirect speechIndirect speechnowthentodaythat day/on Saturday,etc.tomorrowthe next d
16、ay/the following day/on Tuesday,etc.yesterdaythe day before/the previous day/on Tuesday,etc.next weekthe week after/the following week,etc.last yearthe year before/the previous year,etc.a week ago a week before/a week earlier,etc.Direct speechIndirect speechthisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtake
17、e.Other casesShe said,“Ill come here again tonight.”She said she would go there again that night.He said,“I want this.”He said that he wanted that.May said to Tom,“Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”May told Tom she would take some photosthere to him the next day.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的
18、真理The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2.经常的习惯He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3.历史事件The teacher
19、 said,“World War II ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.4.部分情态动词,如must,ought to,used to,had better等She said to me,“You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.1.转述他人的陈述陈述句 She asked me what I was doing.He said,“Im going to Beijing.”He said that he was going to Beijin
20、g.He asked,“Are you a teacher?”He asked me if/whether I was a teacher.She said,“What are you doing?”2.转述他人的疑问一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题特殊疑问句解题步骤:1.陈述句:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.tolddidntsheSarah told her friends that she didntlike compu
21、ters.Tom said(that)there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for hischange.注意：当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，仅能省略第一个that，其余的不能省略。Tom said,“There isnt any trouble andIm waiting for my change(零钱).”2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?(They asked him)They asked him ifIt is easy to improve th
22、e condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat?(They asked him)They asked him whenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he h
23、arvested the wheat.harvested直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)陈述句Jane said,“Im very fond of traveling.”that引导的名词性从句Jane said that she wasvery fond of traveling.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)一般疑问句“Is this your umbrella,Mary?”asked John.whether/if引导的名词性从句John asked Mary ifthat was her umbrella.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)特殊疑问句“Mary,when w
24、ill you return me the book?”asked John.wh-词引导的名词性从句John asked Mary whenshe would return him the book.由直接引语转变为间接引语，有时会引起时态的变化，注意以下几个方面。直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时She often says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引
25、语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般现在时“I know it,”he said.一般过去时He said that he knew it.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在进行时“Immaking coffee for you all,”she said.过去进行时She said shewas making coffee for us all.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在完成时“
26、I have seen her before,”said he.过去完成时He said he had seen her before.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在完成进行时He said,“Ihave beendoing it for hours.”过去完成进行时He said he had been doing it for hours.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,”he said.过
27、去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,”she said.过去完成进行时She said she had been waiting for Jim.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:过去完成时“Do you know Rick had beenill in bed for many days till he die
28、d?”Jack asked.过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般将来时He said,“We shallstart tomorrow.”过去将来时He said theywould start the next day.Review1.直接引语和间接引语的概念。2.直接引语和间接引语之间如何相互转换。3.注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。Indiv
29、idual activity注:另附 word 文档。点击此处链接I.A)根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。1.Alice said,“Ive just got a letter from my father.”Alice said that _ _ just got a letter from _ father.2.He asked,“Why dont you come earlier,Tom?”He asked _ _ _ _ _ earlier.sheherhadTom why he didnt come3.Jane asked Dick,“Have you finis
30、hed writing the report?”Jane asked Dick _ _ _ _ writing the report.4.He asked,“Can you show me the way to the nearest park?”He asked _ _ _ _ _ _ the way to the nearest park.whether/ifhefinishedhadme whether/if I couldshow him5.Mr.Smith said to the girl,“I will come here to see you next Sunday.”Mr.Sm
31、ith _ the girl that _ _ _ there to see _ _ _ Sunday.toldhe would goherthe followingB)根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为直接引语，每空一词。1.He told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.He _ _ me,“A friend in need _ a friend indeed.”2.She asked whether/if I was doing my homework then.She asked,“_ _ _ your homework _?”sa
32、idis toAre you doingnow3.She said that she had received a letter two days before.She said,“_ _ a letter _ _ _.”4.He asked you how much you had paid for the car.He asked,“How much _ _ _ for the car?”Itwo days agodid you pay received5.Susan said that she had gone there to see the doctor the day before
33、.Susan said,“I _ _ to see the doctor _.”came hereyesterdayII.翻译下列句子。1.老师在课堂上对学生们说：“把你们的分数加起来，看看能得多少分”。The teacher said to the students in the class,“_ and see how many points you can get”.2.安告诉我她明天会带狗去公园。Anne _the dog to the park _ _.Add up your scorestold me that she would take the next/following d
34、ay3.琳达问她是否读过安妮日记这本书。Linda _ she _ the book The Diary of Anne Frank.4.他爸爸问他昨天去哪了。His father _ _.5.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。The teacher _ _.asked her whether/ifhad read asked him where he had gone the day before told us that the earth goes around the sunIII.阅读下面的对话，在空白处填入适当内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。REPORTER:Have yo
35、u just made a new film,Miss Marsh?MISS MARSH:Yes,I have.REPORTER:Are you going to make another?MISS MARSH:No,Im not.Im going to retire.I feel very _ (tire).I dont want to make another film for a long time.KATE:Lets buy a newspaper,Liz.Listen to this!Karen Marsh:Sensational News!(爆炸性新闻！)By our report
36、er,Alan Jones.Karen Marsh arrived at London Airport today.tiredShe was wearing a blue dress and a mink coat(貂皮大衣).She told me she _(make)a new film.She said she _(not go)to make another.She said she _(be going to)retire.She told reporters she _ very tired and _(want)to make another film for a long time.LIZ:I wonder why!had just madewas not goingwas going tofeltdidnt want1.Finish the Exercises 1-2 on Pages 42-43 in your Workbooks.2.Finish the Exercises of the Grammar part in Learning English.
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