1、Unit 1Friendship第四学时 Grammar直接引语和间接引语(1)一、概念1直接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，如果引用的是原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语。例如：The teacher asked，“Do you like English？”The girl said，“I like English very much.”注意：直接引语前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写。2间接引语：当我们要引用别人的话语时，可以用自己的话把意思转述过来，被转述的部分叫做间接引语。例如：The teacher asked the girl if she liked Engli
2、sh.The girl said that she liked English very much.注意：间接引语不用逗号、引号；间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。二、直接引语变间接引语的规则直接引语形式变化规则例句陈述句从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化通常用that引导宾语从句(口语中that常省略)。He said，“Im going shopping.”He said that he was going shopping.一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句用whether/if引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述语序，问号改为句号；主句谓
3、语动词为said，则改为asked；主句谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加一个间接宾语me，him，her，us等。She said，“Is your father at home？”She asked me whether my father was at home.特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述语序，问号改为句号；疑问式的动词改为陈述式的。“What do you do every Sunday morning？”my friend asked me.My friend askedme what I did every Sunday morning.巧 学助 记直接引语变为间
4、接引语的口诀(1)当直接引语为陈述句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活。时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。(2)当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀：去掉引号加if，陈述语序要记住。时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。巧 学助 记(3)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉。小心助动词，去它最重要。(4)人称代词的变化口诀：“一随主。”若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。巧 学助 记“二随宾。”若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。“第三人称不更新。”直接引语中的第三人称变间接引
5、语时不需要变化。三、时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化；如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时He said，“Im a teacher now.”He said that he was a teacher then.现在进行时过去进行时He said，“Im watching TV.”He said that he was watching TV.现在完成时过去完成时She said，“I have not heard from him since May.”She
6、said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时过去完成时He said，“I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said，“I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.一般将来时过去将来时Zhou Lan said，“Well have a party next week.”Zhou Lan s
7、aid that they would have a party the next week.四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化变化形式例句直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatShe said，“I will come this morning.”She said that she would go that morning.thesethoseHe said，“These pens are mine.”He said that those pens were his.时间状语nowthenHe said，“It is nine oclock now.”He said that
8、it was nine oclock then.todaythat day；tonightthat nightHe said，“I havent seen her today.”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.yesterdaythe day beforeShe said，“I went there yesterday.”She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrowthe next(following)dayHe said，“Ill go there tomorrow.”He s
9、aid that he would go there the next(following)day.地点状语herethereHe said，“My sister was here three days ago.”He said that his sister had been there three days before.动词comegobringtakeShe said，“I will come here this evening.”She said that she would go there that evening.五、直接引语变间接引语时态“五不变”原则原则例句直接引语如果描述
10、的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变He said，“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时通常不变He said，“I was born in 1990 in Beijing.”He said that he was born in 1990 in Beijing.主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态通常不变He says，“Tom is good at Chi
11、nese.”He says that Tom is good at Chinese.在含有时间状语从句的直接引语中，直接引语中的谓语动词为过去进行时，过去完成时或过去将来时，在变为间接引语时这些时态通常不变He said，“I was listening to music when she came in.”He said that he was listening to music when she came in.当直接引语是名人名言时，从句时态不变He said，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”He said where there is a will，there is a way.
