1、返回目录 Inventors and inventions Unit 3 返回目录 Section Learning about Language&Using Language 返回目录 课前教材预案课堂深度拓展课末随堂演练目录Contents 返回目录 课前教材预案课文理解Choose the best answer according to the text.1Why did Alexander Graham Bell invent themicrophone?ABecause he was interested in the microphone.BBecause he liked in
2、venting any thing he liked.返回目录 CBecause he wanted to help deaf people like hismother to communicate with others.DBecause he had nothing to do but kill the time.答案 C返回目录 2What can we know about Alexander GrahamBell from the text?AHe was poor.BHe was creative.CHe was rich.DHe was kind.答案 B返回目录 3What
3、did Alexander Graham Bell think to bethe key to his success as an inventor?ACourage.BPerseverance.CDiligence.DCuriosity.答案 D返回目录 4Whats the main idea of the text?AAlexander Graham Bells life.BAlexander Graham Bells inventions.CAlexander Graham Bells life and inventions.D How Alexander Graham Bell in
4、vented thetelephone.答案 C返回目录 课文助读原 文ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELLAlexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 inScotland,but when he was young his family moved toBoston,USA.His mother was almost entirely deaf,soAlexander became interested in helping deaf peoplecommunicate and in deaf education.This interest led h
5、imto invent the microphone.He found that by pressinghis lips against his mothers forehead，he could返回目录 He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was：“Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into thewoods.Every time you do you will be certain to find somethingthat
6、you have never seen before.Follow it up,explore all around it,and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.All really big discoveries are theresult of thought.”返回目录 It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous inv
7、entionthe telephone in 1876.Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph.This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code(a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order)But only one message could go at a ti
8、me.Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time.返回目录 He designed a machine that would separate21 different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time.But he found the problem difficult to solve22.One day as he was experimenting with
9、23 one end of a straw24 joined to a deaf mans ear drum25 and the other to a piece of smoked glass,Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear,the straw drew sound waves on the glass.Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration26.返回目录 If sound waves could be reproduced27 in a moving electrical current28，t
10、hey could be sent along a wire.In searching to improve the telegraph,Bell had invented the first telephone！Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention and wrote to his father：“The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on tohouses just like water or gas29and friends will talk to
11、 each otherwithout leaving home.”返回目录 The patent was given in 1876,but it was not until five days later that30 Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.The words have now become famous：“Mr Watsoncome hereI want to see you.”返回目录 Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he
12、interested himself in many other areas of invention.He experimented with helicopter31 designs and flying machines.While searching for a kite32 strong enough to carry a man into the air,Bell experimentedputting triangles33 together and discovered the tetrahedron34shape.Being very stable35，it has prov
13、ed invaluable in the design of bridges.返回目录 Bell was an inventor all his life.He made his first invention at eleven and his last at seventyfive.Although he is most often associated36 with the invention of the telephone,he was indeed a continuing37 searcher after practical38 solutions to improve the
14、quality of everybodys life.返回目录 注 解lead sb to do sth致使/导致某人做某事microphone n麦克风；话筒pressagainst压在上forehead n额头beaten track被踩出来的路；常规；惯例occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地dive into迅速把手伸入；一心投入返回目录 every time是名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意为“每次”。that引导定语从句，修饰something。before you know it可翻译成“不知不觉地”。be worth doing sth值得
15、做某事，doing此处用主动形式表示被动含义。dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的返回目录 It wasthat是强调句型，此处强调了句子主语this exploring和spirit。set out(to do)开始(做)what he was trying to design是what引导的主语从句。multiple adj.多种的；多样的；多类型的 n倍数dot n点；小圆点 vt.以小圆点标出；分散tap vt&vi 轻打；轻拍；轻敲返回目录 wire n金属丝；电线so that 引导目的状语从句。21 that 引导定语从句，对 a machine 加
16、以修饰和限制。22 此处形容词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句 which is difficult to solve。动词不定式 to solve，用主动形式表达被动意义。23 experiment with 用/对做实验；试用24 straw n稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管返回目录 25 过去分词短语作定语。26 a flash of inspiration 灵机一动27 reproduce vt.复制；再现的形象或声音28 current n(水或气)流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的29 when 引导定语从句，修饰 the day。is coming 是现在进行时表将来。30 此处是强调句型，强
17、调时间状语 not until five days later。31 helicopter n直升飞机返回目录 32 此处是时间状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为：While he was searching for a kite。33 triangle n三角形；三角形物体34 tetrahedron n四面体35 stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的36 associate vt.联想；联系n同伴；伙伴返回目录 37 continuing 是现在分词作定语，意为“持续的；永不停息的”。38 practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的返回目录 译 文亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔亚历山大格
18、雷厄姆贝尔1847年出生于苏格兰。但在他小的时候，他家就搬到了美国的波士顿。他的母亲几乎什么也听不见，因此他有志于帮助聋人交流，并从事聋人教育事业。这一爱好促使他发明了麦克风。他发现当他把嘴唇贴到母亲的额头上时，他就可以使母亲听懂他所说的话。返回目录 他认为一个人应当具有好奇心。他最著名的一句话是：“偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。当你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。继续进行下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。”返回目录 正是这种对问题的探索和富有活力的精神造就了他那最著名的发明1876年(发明)的电话。贝尔并非一开始就
19、想要发明电话，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。这种原始的电报用摩尔斯电码长距离传送信息(摩尔斯电码是通过电线发出的以特定次序敲击出的一连串的点)。但是一次只能发一条信息。贝尔想对它进行改进，以便能同时发出好几条信息。他设计出了一种机器，能使声波分成不同的音调，从而有可能在同一时间里进行不同的通话。但是他发现这个问题很难解决。返回目录 有一天做实验，他把一根干草的一端和一个耳聋的人的耳鼓膜连接起来，另一端与一块被烟熏过的玻璃连接起来。贝尔发现，当他对着耳朵说话的时候，这根干草就把声波“画”在了玻璃上。突然间他灵机一动。如果声波能够以连续运动的电流形式复制的话，那么声波就可以沿着导线传送出去了。在探
20、求改进电报的过程中，贝尔发明了第一台电话机！贝尔充分意识到这项发明的重要性，于是写信对他的父亲说：返回目录“将电报线安装到各家各户的日子即将到来，就像水和煤气通到各家各户一样。朋友之间不必离开家就可以彼此通话了。”贝尔于1876年被授予这项专利，但是直到5天以后贝尔才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。他们的通话现在已成了名言：“华生先生到这儿来我想见你。”返回目录 亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔是个闲不住的人，他对许多其他领域的发明都感兴趣。他用直升飞机模型和飞行器做实验。他寻找一种强度足以把人带上天空的风筝，他又试着把三角形拼装在一起，因而发现了四面体。这种四面体非常稳定，被证明在桥梁设计中极有价值。贝尔
21、的一生都在发明创造。他11岁时就有了第一项发明，而他的最后一项发明则是在他75岁时完成的。虽然人们常把他和发明电话联系起来，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途返回目录 一词多义写出句中bear的含义(1)Though she is only 23 years old,she has alreadyborne several children.生育课堂深度拓展词汇点击bear vt.(bore,borne/born)忍受，忍耐；经得起；承担(责任)；负担；生育；结果实bearable adj.可忍受的unbearable adj.无法忍受的1 返回目录(2)The
22、ice was not thick enough to bear the weightof the marching men.经得起(3)The young man had to bear most of the costs ofthe rescue,which resulted from his ignorance.承担；负担返回目录 bear doing/to do sth忍受做某事bear sb/sbs doing sth忍受某人做某事bear/keepin mind 记住，牢记bear/keep in mind that 记住【提示】(1)bear意为“忍耐，忍受”时，通常与can,c
23、ould连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，常见近义词(组)还有：stand,tolerate,endure,put up with等。(2)borne和born是bear的两种过去分词形式，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用于被动形式；表示“生育”时用borne。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(4)She couldnt bear _(be)laughedat and burst into tears.解析 句意：她不能忍受被嘲笑，大哭起来。(5)Thewomanstarcouldntbearthemedia_(expose)her private life to the public.to
24、be/being exposing 返回目录(1)associatewith 把和联系在一起be associated with和有关associate with sb与某人交往/打交道(2)in association with与合伙/合作associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴；伙伴；同事association n协会；团体；联合；联想；交往2 You must bear in mind that you should never associate withbad companions.你必须要牢记永远别和坏人交往。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)We are working i
25、n _(associate)with a number of local companies to raise money for thehomeless.解析 句意：我们与本地一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。in association with与合作。(2)Theearthquakesaresaidtobe_(associate)closely with largescale iceloss(冰融)events.association associated 返回目录 写作提能句式升级(3)一些严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。(associate)普 通 表 达：There are some se
26、rious healthproblems _(which引导的定语从句)高 级 表 达：There are some serious healthproblems _.(用过去分词作定语改写)which are associated with smoking associated with smoking 返回目录(1)take a dive into埋头于(2)go diving去潜水dive into 迅速把手伸入；潜心于；沉浸于；钻进3【提示】dive into作“潜心于”讲时和devote oneself to的意思一样，但devote oneself to还有“投身于，把自己奉献给”
27、的意思。返回目录 一词多义写出句中dive into的含义(1)He has been diving into the history of Chineseliterature.潜心于(2)I was following the man when he dived into asmall restaurant and I lost the track of him.钻进(3)He dived into his pocket and took out a couple ofcoins返回目录 一词多义写出句中hang on的含义(1)They shouted to me to hang on t
28、o the lifebuoy(救生圈)紧紧握住(2)Its hard work,but if you hang on long enoughyoull succeed.坚持下去(3)Hang on a minute while I get a pencil and a piecehang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住；坚持下去4 返回目录 hang on to紧紧抓住hang about/around(在某处)闲荡；徘徊hang up挂断电话返回目录 考点训练用hang相关短语的适当形式填空(4)He _ the phone angrily before I couldspeak.(5)_ t
29、o the rope and dont let it go.(6)Idontliketoseealltheseyouths_ on the street.hung up Hang on hanging around/about 返回目录 out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障5 I checked the files and some of them were out of order.我检查了这些卷宗，其中一些次序颠倒了。The telephone is out of order;therefore,we cannot get in touch with the boss.电话出故障了
30、，因此我们不能与老板取得联系。返回目录(1)in good order秩序井然put/keepin order使井然有序(2)“out of名词”结构的常见短语：out of control失去控制out of breath上气不接下气out of work失业out of sight看不见；在视野之外out of place不合适的；不协调的返回目录 考点训练用“out of名词”结构短语的适当形式填空(1)I couldnt get through to him because histelephone was _ now and then.(2)It is thought that co
31、nductors played a vital parton buses.Without them,the order on buses would be_.(3)It was _ to wear Tshirts atsuch a formal partyout of order out of control out of place 返回目录 一词多义写出句中get through的含义(1)We were all delighted when we heard you had gotthrough the exam.通过(考试)(2)The man was so fat that he c
32、ouldnt get/gothrough the door.穿过get through(用电话)接通，打通，联系上；(设法)做完；通过(考试)；穿过6 返回目录 get in收获get rid of摆脱get away with 侥幸逃脱get over 越过；克服；从(疾病中)恢复get on/along(with)进展；(与)相处get sth across(to sb)使了解/明白；被理解get down to(doing)sth开始做某事；开始认真注意某事返回目录 考点训练用get相关短语的适当形式填空(3)For such a serious mistake the little b
33、oy waslucky to _ a fine.(4)I couldnt _ to her because herphone was busy all day.(5)Shetriedto_thenervousnessduring the examination,but failed again.(6)Its time I _ thinking about thatessay.get away with get through get over got down to 返回目录 祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句句型解读1 句型公式Follow it up,explore all ar
34、ound it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.(教材 P25)继续下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。返回目录 点拨：本句是“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”句型。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个 if 引导的条件状语从句，and/or/otherwise 之后的句子相当于主句，多用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用条件状语从句、非谓语动词或名词短语表示。Listen carefully,and yo
35、ull understand it.If you listen carefully,youll understand it.Listening carefully,youll understand it.仔细听，你就会明白。返回目录 It is really very dangerous.One more step,and the baby will fall into the well.真危险。再多迈一步，这个小孩就会掉进井里。Give up smoking,or/otherwise you may die of lung cancer.If you dont give up smoking
36、,you may die of lung cancer.如果你不戒烟，你可能会死于肺癌。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)Seize the chance,_ you willregret.(2)Give me a chance,_ Ill give you awonderful surprise.or/otherwise and 返回目录 写作提能句型转换(3)If you dont control the time of using a computerstrictly,you will become nearsighted.Control the time of using a com
37、puter strictly,_ _.(并 列句)or/otherwise you will become nearsighted 返回目录 2“It is/was not until被强调部分that其他”句型句型公式but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.(教材 P25)但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。返回目录 点拨：该句是“It is/was not until被强调部分that其他”结构，意为“直到才
38、”。He didnt go to bed until/till his wife came back.(正常句式)It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.(强调句式)直到他的妻子回来他才睡觉。返回目录【提示】Not until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。They didnt start until the rain stopped.(正常句式)It was not until the rain stopped that they started.(强调句式)直到雨停他们才出发。返回目录 考点训练单句语法填空(1)Not
39、until Charles informed me of the meeting_ I aware that I had not prepared for myproposal.解析 Not until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。(2)It was not until 9 oclock last night _ shemade the final decision.解析 句意：直到昨天晚上九点她才做了最后的决定。was that 返回目录 写作提能高考小作文(3)(2018北京卷书面表达)虽然在中国喝茶的传统能追溯到公元前3000年，但是在17世纪中叶英国才出现下午茶的概念。Although
40、 the tradition of drinking tea can date back to 3000 B.C.in China,_ appeared the concept of“afternoon tea”in the U.K.it was not until the mid17th century that 返回目录.选词填空(用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空)ring off，tap out，be associated with，diveinto，beaten track，be aware of1Inthechildrensmindssummer_ ice creams and wat
41、ermelons.2A trained signaller can _ messages atspeed on the Morse key.课末随堂演练is associated with tap out 返回目录 3Im afraid Ill have to _.Someone iscalling me.4Do you know how to _ the waterfrom a diving board with a small splash?5You must _ the fact that he isvery poor.6We followed a _ through theforest
42、.ring off dive into be aware of beaten track 返回目录.句型训练1我将确保客人到来时一切都井井有条。Ill see to it that _when the guests arrive.2众所周知，当我们处境困难时，我们的朋友会对我们伸出援助之手并帮助我们渡过困难时期。As is known to us,our friends will lend us a handwhenweareintroubleand.everything is in order help us get through difficult situations 返回目录 3母亲
43、经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。Mymotheroftenremindsme_ failure is the mother ofsuccess.4直到鸡蛋供应不足，他才开始考虑他要节省它们。Notuntiltheeggswereinshortsupply_to bear/keep in mind that did he begin to think that he would save them 返回目录 5上课时要认真听老师讲课，否则你会听不懂他在说什么。Listentotheteachercarefullyinclass,_ _.or you cant catch what he is
44、 saying 返回目录.短篇表达我和其他人的不同之处(distinguish)在于我积极参加各项活动。自从我得知你们招聘的消息，我就着手(set about)申请(apply)成为一名志愿者。志愿者工作对我来说是很合适的，我一定会抓住这次机会(seize theopportunity)把这项工作做好。如果您能接受我的申请，并给我回电话(call up)，我将不胜感激。返回目录 What distinguishes me from others is that I take anactive part in all kinds of activities;therefore,I have setabout applying to be a volunteer since I learned theinformation that some employees are wanted.Im verysuitable for the voluntary work and I am bound to seizethe opportunity to do the job well.I will be grateful ifyou can consider accepting me and calling me up.返回目录 课后限时作业(九)
