1、北京市2012届高三下学期综合练习试题分类汇编之阅读理解北京市丰台区2012届高三下学期统一练习（一）第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A56If you are interested in rock formations, which activities are the best choices?ACaves and Fossils BFossils and MannersCCaves, and Exploring Caves DExploring
2、Caves and Manners57If you are members friends, what benefits can you receive?ATwo free lectures every monthBA membership card and certificateCFavourable price for Youth CampDTwo free tickets to Echo Cove Cave58The purpose of this poster is to invite more people to _Ajoin the Cave Club Benjoy the und
3、erground worldCwork as volunteers, Dprotect the educational cavesBUnlike many surfers who sought the perfect wave, my interests always lay beneath the sea s surface in a world I could only imagine and dream ofWhen I was twelve, I made my first adventures in the deepLater I would learn how to dive, e
4、xpanding my world of exploration many times overPerhaps the greatest turning point in my life came when I was in high school and I wrote a letter to the famous Scripps Oceanographic Institution, asking how I might learn more about the seaA kind scientist answered my letter and told me how to apply t
5、o Scripps for a summer scholarship, which I receivedDuring one of their courses that summer, I met DrRobert Norris, a marine geologistHe loved the sea almost as much as I didSoon he suggested I consider his school, the University of California, for my studyOne year later I became a member of the fre
6、shman classNow my love affair with the sea became a serious endeavorIf I wanted to be an undersea explorer, I needed to learn as much as I could about the laws of the physical world that controlled the environment I wanted to enterThe undersea world is not our natural worldIt is unforgiving to those
7、 who make mistakesAt its greatest depths the water temperature is near freezing, the pressure is eight tons per square inch, and it is totally darkIt is easy to get lost in such a worldI needed to learn a lot about geography, navigation, geology, biology, and many other thingsI decided another impor
8、tant thing for me to do was to join the USNavyIf I was going to be an undersea explorer, I would have to lead men and women on dangerous adventures where they might get hurt, and I didnt want that to happenIn the Navy I learned discipline, organization, and how to motivate and lead people on adventu
9、res so that we could explore the wonders of the deepFinally, the time came to put all that I had learned to use, to go forth with a team of men and women and explore ?an adventure I am still on and hope to be on for many years to come59What happened to the author at the age of twelve? AHe dreamed ab
10、out undersea exploration BHe began to swim under the deep water CHe surfed on big waves for the first time DHe learned to dive off the cliffs60In college, the author took many different types of courses because he Awas told it was easy to get lost in exploration Bwas advised to take them by DrRobert
11、 Norris Cthought they were needed to fully understand the ocean Dbelieved it would help him succeed in the Navy61The author joined the Navy to _ Adevelop his leadership skills Bget along with people under stress Clearn about the dangers of the ocean Dgather specific information about ocean life62Whi
12、ch word can best describe the author? AImaginativeBOptimistic CIndependent DAmbitiousCSome wonderfully creative uses of X-rays have been in the world of artBut the most impressive one is to uncover what has been covered upDetails unfolded by an X-ray of a painting can t be seen any other wayFor exam
13、ple, in the past, paintings were often repaired if small pieces of paint fell off the canvas （帆布） These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the paintingIt takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been madeAn X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a fa
14、mous painter or if it is a forgeryIf there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be originalIf the brushstrokes （笔迹） , for example, are shown to be totally different than in other work don
15、e by a certain artist, then the painting is proved to be a fake copySince modern paints are usually made from different materials than paints of hundreds of years ago, the image they leave on an X-ray film looks differentThis is another way X-rays can be used to spot a forgeryA modem artist will try
16、 to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty vamish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look crackedTo the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the deception is obviousIt was common many years ago for an arti
17、st to finish a painting, decide it wasnt any good, and paint a completely different picture on top of itOr artists would paint over others work it was their version of recyclingTaking an X-ray is the only way to find out if there is a picture underneath the picture you see with your eyesSometimes mu
18、seums will be more interested in the painting beneath than the one on top, and will restore the older one by having the top layer painstakingly removed63What is the main purpose of the article? ATo provide information to police who are looking for stolen art BTo persuade art dealers to check for fak
19、e copies before selling art CTo explain how modern technology can be applied in unique ways DTo help artists restore damaged artwork to its original appearance64According to the passageX-rays are used to _ Amake repairs on paintings in the past Bidentify the authenticity of an artwork Cchange the ma
20、terials of a forgery Dremove the recyclable paints65In Paragraph 3, the word deception probably means _ Acomparison Bdrawback Ctrickery Djudgement66Which is the best title for the passage? AX-ray Detectives BCreative Uses of Technology CForgery Studies DX-ray Painting TechniquesDLearning to drive is
21、 important to the independence of teenagers, but it is also a great responsibilityAlthough having a law that keeps 16-year-old drivers from having more than one teenager in the car with them at first seems unfair, there are convincing reasons for this requirementThe Insurance Institute for Highway S
22、afety reports that teens are four times more likely than older drivers to be involved in an automobile accidentIt also reports that 16-and 17-year-old drivers are twice as likely to have an accident if they have two teenage friends in the car and four times as likely to have one if they have three o
23、r more teenage friends in the car with themFatal （ 致命的） crashes of 16-year-old drivers involve the highest percentage of speeding, driver error, and number of passengersThis information is enough to cause any reasonable person to wonder about the wisdom of allowing new teen drivers to take a carload
24、 of friends anywhere, even if the law permits itA study at the National Institutes of Health indicates that the part of the human brain that controls judgment and evaluates the consequences of our actions might not be fully formed until the age of 25Until this study, researchers had placed the age a
25、t 18If this is true, it could explain the reckless （鲁莽的） behavior of many teens, behavior that often extends into their twentiesIt also could be a strong reason for being cautious about the driving circumstances of young peopleThis is not the only study that indicates such caution is necessaryOne st
26、udy at Temple University in Philadelphia examines the results of peer pressure in risky driving situationsThe study, which uses a driving game, has an individual guide a car through a course, both alone and in the presence of friendsThree different age groups participated in the study: 13-16, 18-22,
27、 and 24 and olderMembers of the oldest group showed caution whether driving alone or with friends present, but the two younger groups took more chances when they were with their friendsFurthermore, because these drivers were accustomed to the noise and distraction of many passengers, they were unabl
28、e to see their own mistakesOnce again, this is a good indication that a law restricting the number of teenagers in the car with a young driver is a good idea67What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2?AMany deaths have occurred because of inexperience and overconfidence BIt s reasonable to
29、severely limit the passenger number of teen drivers CNew teen drivers have toask permission before driving with friends DThere are many causes behind the teens driving accidents68From the two studies, the author probably suggests that _ Adifferent age groups have different peer pressure Bteenagers o
30、ften give wrong judgments above passengers noise Cunderdeveloped brain makes teens ignore their mistakes Ddriving circumstances are bound up with the risk of accidents69We can infer that the law restriction can probably _ Aprotect teens on the highway Braise teens sense of responsibility Creduce the
31、 number of fatal crashes Dforce teens to drive with caution70With which statement would the author most likely disagree? ASome teenagers have risky behavior while driving BCertain laws treat teenagers and adults differently CWe still need more studies on teen driving DDriving is important to a teena
32、ger s sense of independence第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Should Good Sportsmanship Be Taught in School?Almost everyone feels that it is important for young people to win fairly and show respect toward othersShould good sportsmanship, then, be taught in school? Criti
33、cs do not think so 71 Presented here are the most important benefits of teaching sportsmanshipTeaching good sportsmanship and having a positive attitude in activities like sports, class elections, and science fair competitions are critical to success in school 72 Acting calmly under pressure helps y
34、oung adults succeed not only in sports but also in life 73 A person cannot play by the rules if he or she does not understand what the rules areKnowing the rules also applies to other activitiesIf students enter a science fair competition, for example, they must follow the guidelines Those who know
35、the rules are much more likely to succeedWhen students learn sportsmanship, they discover, how knowing the rules relates to achievementGood players become skilled at handling responsibilityWhen people accept responsibility, they achieve their bestPositive thinkers, moreover, influence others, especi
36、ally those who are struggling with a problemA gifted basketball player, for example, might teach skills to a less-talented playerHelping others raises the performance of the entire teamThe team, consequently, could reach new heights and set new records 74 Those who do not practice sportsmanship pass
37、 off responsibilityFor them, if an opportunity is lost, it is someone else s faultWhen students participate on a team, they benefit by learning to accept responsibility, encourage others and own up to mistakesSportsmanship is a winning ideaIt must be taught in schoolStudents need direction to become
38、 good sportsStudents will be responsible for their own actions and will have a positive influence on othersAs students enter the workforce, businesses benefitThe community also benefits because these students will someday become leaders 75 AWe need to educate students about how sportsmanship pays of
39、f for everyoneBHowever, the stronger argument favors teaching good sportsmanshipCSports help young adults learn how to team up with othersDGood sportsmanship also means admitting mistakesEActivities involving winning or losing can be tenseFIt is natural that players should be eager to winGGood team players know the rules of the game答案
