1、2021年高考一轮复习英语句法知识查漏补缺增分练14复合句之定语从句3（介词+关系代词）1.Students should take part in community activities they can gain experience for growth.A.whichB.thatC.to whichD.in which2.The key to _ peace is regular and honest communication through _ you can learn when to _ and when to ask your parents to relax their
2、control.A.keep; which; back downB.keep; that; cheer upC.keeping; which; back downD.keeping; that; cheer up3.The biggest single hobby in western countries _ western people spend their most time, energy and money is gardening.A.thatB.whereC.in whichD.on which4.On the graduation day, he received from h
3、is father a nice present _ a note was attached, saying “Im proud of you.”A.on whichB.to whichC.with whichD.in which5.The boy bought a new dictionary_ he turned for help.A.from whichB.into whichC.whichD.to which6.They have written letters to thank the relatives from _ they received presents.A.whoB.wh
4、ichC.whereD.whom7.The manner _ a telephone is answered gives the image of the organization, so _ polite and pleasant when answering the telephone.A.in which; beB.where; beC.which; beingD.in which; being8.Where to hold the 2012 Olympic Games was a subject _ the Olympic Committee argued for a long tim
5、e, and finally they voted for London.A.about whichB.with whichC.of whichD.into which9.The workers believe the assembly hall _ the curtain need to be changed deserves _.A.which; rebuildingB.of which; rebuildingC.whose; to be rebuiltD.of which; to build10.Jane had many new friends in the school, _ she
6、 shared her feelings.A.with whomB.with whichC.to whomD.for which11.He asked a lot of questions, most of _ had nothing to do with his study.A.thatB.whichC.themD.what12.Not all would-be staff are qualified for the position they are being trained.A.in thatB.so thatC.in whichD.for which13.This is the ca
7、r _ which he came here.A.byB.inC.atD.on14.She tells us that Lao Wang is a person _ we can learn a lot.A.whomB.thatC.from whomD.about whom15.The reason for _ he had the accident was _ he was too careless when driving.A.that; becauseB.which; becauseC.which; thatD.that; that16.Gun control is a subject
8、Americans have argued for a long time.A.of whichB.with whichC.about whichD.into which17.The reason for_ he failed in the exam was that he was too careless.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.it18.Which of the following is Wrong?A.But for his help, I wouldnt have done such a wonderful job in English.B.His house, all
9、 the windows of which face south, enjoys great sunshine.C.Not until the result turned out to be so serious that he realized his fault.D.It is at this moment that he made the most important decision in his life.19.David, weak in history, is a student_his teacher finds it difficult to get his meaning
10、across.A.with whomB.for whomC.about whomD.to whom20.Su Song was an eleventh century monk _ very little is known.A.whichB.whomC.about whomD.for which21.The other two areas _ the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.A.in thatB.from whichC.with whichD.in which22.A good advertisement ofte
11、n uses words _people attach positive meanings.A.thatB.whichC.with whichD.to which23.The doctor _my sister is talking has just come from England.A.with whomB.with whoC.with whichD.that24.One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands _ we often risked going and got more fish than ot
12、hersA.whichB.whenC.in whichD.where25.The course normally attracts 60 students per year, _up to half are from Europe.A.in whichB.for whomC.with whichD.of whom26.The Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting China and the rest of the world,_ people, goods and ideas flowed from China to India,
13、Iran and Europe.A.among whichB.along whichC.for whichD.to which27.We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before.A.in whichB.to whichC.whatD.which28.This is the refrigerator_ we had so much trouble.Get someone to repair it .A.at whichB.of whichC.with whichD.to which29.The beautiful dress _
14、Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.A.thatB.whichC.in whichD.wearing which30.Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it.A.neither of themB.both of themC.none of whomD.neither of whom31.Companies should understand the risks _ they are exposed a
15、nd monitor their control environments adequately.A.on whichB.in whichC.to whichD.with which32.Liberty, equality, and fraternity are the ideals _ human beings have been fighting.A.to whichB.against whichC.with whichD.for which33.On the dark street, there were no people around she could turn for help.
16、A.to whomB.with whomC.by whomD.for whom34.The uncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to Lincolns death was incredible and demonstrated the high esteem_ he was held.A.whomB.for whomC.whichD.in which35.What is most significant is the way _ people have worked in harmony with nature.A.whichB.in w
17、hichC.for whichD.on which36.This is the doctor without _ help my father couldnt have defeated the virus.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.what37.Old people really enjoy the speed _their messages get sent and answered after learning how to use WeChat.A.thatB.whereC.at whichD.in which38.Dozens of individuals were
18、 given the highest state honors in the grand ceremony, all of _ have made outstanding contributions to our nation.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.them39.Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whose40.Luckily, wed brought a road
19、 map without _ we would have lost our way.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which41.The retiring teacher made a speech _ she thanked the class for the cooperation.A.whichB.of whichC.in whichD.that42.They will never forget the days _ they spent together studying abroad.A.in whichB.thatC.on whichD.during which43.The
20、president of Harvard pioneered the elective system_ students were able to choose their own courses of study.A.on whichB.about whichC.to whichD.by which44.The past decades have witnessed Chinas many scientific achievements _ the development of Shenwei supercomputers is a typical exampleA.to whichB.fo
21、r whichC.in whichD.of which45.Climate change is now a challenge that we human beings are facing and one _ the Chinese government has attached great importance.A.on whichB.by whichC.with whichD.to which答案与解析1.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生应该参加社区活动，在那里他们可以为成长获得经验。观察句子结构可知，句子是限制性定语从句，先行词为community activities，关系词在定语
22、从句中作地点状语，关系词可以用where。表示“在社区活动中”，用介词in，where可以替换为in which。故选D项。2.C【详解】考查非谓语动词、定语从句和短语辨析。句意：保持平静的关键是经常和诚实的交流，通过这种交流你可以学会什么时候让步，什么时候让你的父母放松他们的控制。分析句子可知，the key to doing sth.为固定用法，意为“做某事的关键”，第一空需填动名词keeping，排除A项和B项；第二空引导定语从句，先行词communication作介词through的宾语，需用关系代词which引导；back down意为“让步”，cheer up意为“振作起来”，结合
23、语境，第三空需填back down。故选C。3.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：园艺是西方国家最大的爱好，是西方人花费最多时间、精力和金钱的爱好。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词hobby，且根据短语spendon sth.，可知应用介词on，作介词on的宾语，指物，故应用关系代词which。故选D。4.B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在毕业这一天，他从他父亲那里收到了一份很好的礼物 ，礼物上附着一个纸条，上面写着“我为你感到骄傲”。本题为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句，且根据固定短语be attached to“附在之上”可知把介词to提到关系代词which之前。故B正确。5.D【
24、详解】考查定语从句。句意：这男孩买了一本新词典，并向它求助。固定搭配turn to sb/sth for help表示“向求助”；分析句子可知设空处引导定语从句，先行词为dictionary(字典)，指物，应使用which或that代替先行词引导从句作介词to的宾语。此处将介词to提到了关系词之前，故只能用which。故选D。6.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们给送他们礼物的亲戚们写信表示感谢。分析句子可知，句中包含定语从句，先行词是指人的relatives，在定语从句中作宾语，介词from后用whom引导定语从句，故选D。7.A【详解】考查定语从句和祈使句。句意：接听电话的方式会给人留下公
25、司的印象，所以接听电话时要礼貌、愉快。分析句子结构，so为连词，第二空所在的句子缺少主句的谓语动词，排除C项和D项；第一空，in a manner为固定用法，设空处引导定语从句，先行词在定语从句中作方式状语，需用in which引导。故选A。8.A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在哪里举办2012奥运会是一个话题，就这个话题奥委会争论了很长时间，最终决定选伦敦。argue about sth.“争论某事”，分析句子可知设空处之后是定语从句，先行词为a subject（主题、话题），关系词代替它在从句中充当about的宾语，所以使用which引导从句；句中将about提前，构成了“介词+关系代词”结
26、构。故选A。9.B【详解】考查定语从句和固定用法。句意：工人们认为需要更换幕布的大会堂值得重建。第一空为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词the assembly hall，且先行词the assembly hall与the curtains构成所属关系，应用“of which”；第二空表示“值得做某事”短语为deserve doing sth.，为主动表被动。综上，故选B。10.A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Jane在学校里有许多可以分享自己感受的新朋友。分析句子可知，先行词是friends，指人，从句中固定短语share sth. with sb.，这里把介词with放在关系词之前，
27、因此with whom在定语从句中充当宾语成分。故选A项。11.B【详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：他问了很多问题，其中大部分与他的学习无关。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词questions，且先行词在从句中做介词of的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。故选B。12.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：并不是所有的准员工都能胜任所培训的职位。分析句子结构可知，position后面是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，表示为某个职位接受培训应该使用介词for，先行词position作介词for的宾语，that此时不能直接放在介词的后面，而是使用which，即for which引导定语从
28、句。故选D项。13.B【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：这就是他来这里的车。本句是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词 the car 在从句中作介词in的宾语，即in the car，by 表示乘座或使用交通工具时，后面不能用冠词，即by car。故选B项。14.C【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：她告诉我们，老王是一个我们可以向他学习很多东西的人。此句是定语从句，先行词是 a person，指人，把先行词代入从句中就是：we can learn a lot from the person，learn from sb.（向某人学习），选择关系词时因为题
29、干没有介词from，所以要加 from，先行词在from后面做宾语，应用关系代词whom，变成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，结果就是 from whom。故选C项。15.C【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他发生事故的原因是他开车太粗心。分析句子结构，第一空引导定语从句，修饰名词the reason，从句不缺成分，需用关系副词引导，先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，需用why引导，why=for which，第一空填which；第二空位于系动词was后面，引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，且句意完整，需用连接词that引导。故选C。16.C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：枪支管制是美国人争论已久的话
30、题。先行词为Gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth。故选C项。【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为名词Gun control，再分析先行词Gun control在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词Gun control带到从句中可知，只能与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth。故选C项。17.A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他考试不及格的原因是他太粗心了。分析句子结构可知，句中含有限制性定语从句， 先行词是reaso
31、n， 从句中不缺少主语或宾语，则可以用关系副词why引导定语从句，相当于介词for后接关系代词which。故选A。18.C【详解】考查倒装句。A项考查虚拟语气。but for his help是含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would have done，故A项正确；B项是定语从句。which指代house，从句中作介词of的宾语，指物，用关系代词which，故B项正确；D项是强调句型，去掉it isthat，句子at this moment he made the most important decision in his life.是完整的句子，故D项正确。C项Not
32、until the result turned out to be so serious置句首，主句用倒装句，that改为助动词did，故C项错误。故选C。19.D【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：大卫在历史方面很弱，他的老师发现他的意思很难被理解。固定搭配get sth. across to sb.（使某事为某人所理解），此处是定语从句，把此句还原为：his teacher finds it difficult to get his meaning across to a student，先行词是a student，指人，在从句中做介词to的宾语，宾格用whom，介词to可
33、放在关系代词前面，本句用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。故选D项。20.C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：苏松是十一世纪的一位僧侣，关于他本人鲜为人知。先行词为monk，在定语从句中作about的宾语。故选C。21.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：另外两个不同的地方是拼写和发音。分析句子结构可知，空处需用介词+关系代词引导定语从句；选项A.in that因为，从属连词，引导原因状语从句，不符合题意；根据定语从句的的谓语动词differ 可知，表示在某方面的差异，需用动词短语differ in，此处将介词in提至关系代词which前，用in which引导定语从句。故选D。22.D【详解】考查定语从句
34、。句意：一个好的广告常常使用那些使人们产生积极意义的词语。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词words，且根据短语attach to表示“使相关”，可知介词应用to，作介词的宾语指物应用关系代词which。故选D。23.A【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：和我姐姐谈话的那位医生刚从英国来。分析句子可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是The doctor，指人，在从句中作talk with的宾语，with可以提到关系代词的前面，即用“介词+关系代词”引导此定语从句，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指人，只能用whom，应用“with whom”引导此定语从句。故选A项。
35、24.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一天，我和我的两个兄弟从我们经常冒险去的岛屿回来，我们得到了比别人更多的鱼。分析句子，定语从句部分缺状语，所以此处需用关系副词。此处的先行词为islands表示地点，所以应用where。C项介词+关代可以相当于关系副词，但是此处的介词应改为on。综合分析，故选D项。25.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这门课程通常每年吸引200个学生，其中多达一半来自海外。分析句子结构可知本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词200 students，逗号后面的分句为从句；从句缺乏主语，且先行词指人，排除A、C项；句子意思为“这200个学生中的一半”，“half of
36、” 表示“的一半”，故应用介词 of，作介词的宾语指人应用whom，故选D。26.B【解析】考查定语从句，句意：“丝绸之路是联通中国和世界贸易往来的网络，伴随着这层网络，人才，物资和创意从中国涌向印度，伊朗和欧洲”。本句中先行词是network ，其在定语从句中作地点状语。根据句意，伴随着这条网络，可以选择对应的介词用along，故选B。 27.B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们来到了他们之前从没有参观过的地方。分析句子可知，paid a visit to为固定短语，意为“参观某地”，句中先行词为place，在从句中作paid a visit to的宾语，故用which，to which在句中
37、作状语引导定语从句。故选B项。28.C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们那台老是出问题的冰箱。找人修一下。短语have trouble with sth,在某事上有麻烦。先行词refrigerator在定语从句中作have trouble with的宾语，所以定语从句的关系代词which之前要加上介词with。故选C。29.C【详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：Jones小姐去参加晚会穿的裙子是从她朋友那里借来的。句中先行词是dress，空后定语从句起到修饰限定作用，补全定语从句为Miss Jones went to the ball in the dress，可知先行词在从句中作in的
38、宾语，因此使用in which引导定语从句。故选C项。30.D【解析】考查代词和定语从句。句意：上周，只有两个人来看这所房子，他们都不想买。分析句子，前句提到“two people”表示两个人，故排除C项，none 指三者或者三者以上都不。划线前的“逗号”不可同时放下两个简单句。故排除A和B项。再根据定语从句引导词作用之一，连接主从句。且此处表示两者都不。先行词为 two people ，作of的宾语。关系代词为whom。故选 D 项。 31.C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：公司应该了解他们所面临的风险，并充分监控他们的控制环境。分析句子，此处考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词的选择。从句中
39、的动词expose译为“使曝光”，根据句意译为“暴露于”为 exposeto，是固定搭配。to 可提至关系代词which前。故选 C 项。 32.D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自由、平等、博爱是人类一直为之奋斗的理想。分析句子，此处考查介词加关系代词时，介词的选择。从句 fight译为“奋斗”，根据句意译为“为. 奋斗”为fight for，是固定搭配。for 可提至关系代词which前。故选D 项。 33.A【详解】本题考查介词加关系代词引导的定语从句。解题步骤：1.确定从句：此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是people，关系词在从句中做宾语；2.确定答案：此处是短语turn to sb. f
40、or help“向某人求助”，to是介词，关系词在从句中做to的宾语，应使用关系词whom。句意：在黑暗的街道上，她周围没有可以求助的人。故选A。34.D【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。句意：全国人民对林肯之死无法控制的情感反应令人难以置信，显示了人们对他的崇高敬意。in which在定语从句中he was held做状语，相当于he was held in the high esteem，故D项正确。35.B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最重要的是人们与大自然和谐相处的方式。先行词为way，定语从句的关系词为in which、that或省略，表示“以的方式”。故选B。【点睛】介
41、词提前的定语从句的解题关键在于两点：第一为介词和先行词的固定搭配；第二位介词和从句谓语动词的固定搭配。本小题中运用了第一点，介词和先行词的固定搭配，即in way，以的方式，故选B。36.B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：没有这位医生的帮助，我的父亲无法战胜这种病毒。help在这里是名词，whose作定语修饰help即whose help一起作介词without的宾语。这是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是doctor。故选B。37.C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在学会如何使用微信之后，许多老人真的喜欢上了他们发送和接收信息的速度。分析句子可知: 从句部分缺状语，应该用关系副词或者介词+关
42、系代词。故答案应该锁定B、C或D。又因选项B的先行词常见为具体或者抽象的地点名词，而speed不是，故排除。选项C的at刚好和题干的 the speed 构成搭配，at the speed:以的速度。故选B项。38.A【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：好几十个人在那场盛大的典礼上给予了最高的国家荣誉他们都为我们国家贡献了非常卓越的成就。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句的时候，做介词of的宾语且指代人的时候，必须用whom，不能用who，故选C。39.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上个月，东南亚部分地区遭受洪水袭击，人们仍在遭受洪灾的影响。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词fl
43、oods，且先行词在从句中做定语，故应用关系代词whose。故选D。40.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸运的是，我们带了一张路线图，没有它我们就会迷路。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词road map，做介词without的宾语，且指代物品应用关系代词which。故选D。41.C【详解】考查介词+which引导的定语从句。句意：这位即将退休的老师做了一场演讲，在演讲中她感谢全班同学的合作。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句修饰先行词speech，把先行词代入到从句中可得到she thanked the class for the cooperation in the speech
44、, 因此从句中缺地点状语，因此应用in which或where引导定语从句。故选C。42.B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们永远忘不了他们一起在国外学习的日子。分析句子可知，_ they spent together studying abroad是定语从句，修饰先行词the days；先行词在从句中做spent的宾语，用关系代词thatwhich。故选B。43.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：哈佛大学的校长率先推出了选修课，学生可以选择自己的课程。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词system，且根据此处表示“学生可以借助系统选择自己的课程”，表示“借助”应用介词by，做介词的宾语且指“系统”应用关系代词which。故选D。44.D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：过去的几十年见证了中国的许多科学成就，其中神威超级计算机的发展就是一个典型的例子。此处achievements是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作介词of的宾语，介词后面指人用whom，指物用which。故选D。45.D【详解】考查介词+which引导定语从句。句意：气候变化是人类现在面临的一个挑战，也是一个中国政府非常看重的问题。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句关系词，把短语attach importance to“看重”的介词to置于关系词之前，先行词one作为to的宾语，故用关系代词which，故选D项。
