1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Section Grammar定语从句()思维导图语法精讲一、基本概念1在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰、说明的名词或代词叫先行词。2定语从句由关系代词which, that, who, whom, whose, as或关系副词when, where, why引导。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，它在意义上指代先行词，在语法上作定语从句的某个成分。3定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后面。有时出于平衡句子结构的需要，可能不紧跟在先行词后面，而放在更后面的地方。二、关系代词的用法1who指人，在定语从句中可以
2、充当主语、宾语或表语。Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Rose is the person (whom/who) you should look after.罗丝是你应该照顾的人。3whose一般指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。whosethen.of which/whom。I know the man whose company produces computers.我认识那个人，他的公司生产电脑。4which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可
3、省略。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。5that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。that可以代替who, whom, which，但习惯上常用who, whom指人，用which指物。The woman that spoke to me in the bookstore used to live next door.在书店里跟我说话的那位妇女以前住在隔壁。6as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。它常用在the same.as., such.
4、as., as.as., so.as.等结构中，as不能省略，此时为限制性定语从句。另外，as还可引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，解释说明整个句子，一般放在主句之前。I want to have such a computer as he has.我想有一台和他(的电脑)一样的电脑。As we all know, China has a large population.众所周知，中国人口众多。三、定语从句中需注意的事项1只用that不用which的情况(1)当先行词是all, much, anything, everything, nothing, little, no
5、ne等不定代词时。She told me everything that she knew.她把她知道的一切都告诉了我。(2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。(3)先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。This is the very book that I left on the playground last week
6、.这就是上个星期我落在操场上的那本书。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。He talked happily of the things and persons that he remembered studying in the school.他高兴地谈论着所记得的在这所学校上学时的人和事。(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the true story that he told us?他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？(6)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。He isnt the boy that he was.他不再是过去的那个男孩了。2关系代词代替先行词在定语从
7、句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所代替的名词或代词。昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常感人。【误】The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very moving.【正】The film (that/which) we saw last night is very moving.3关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语时(这时介词不能在关系代词前)可省略。Is that the girl (whom/that/who) you spoke of the other day?那就是你前几天提到的
8、女孩吗？4关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，要根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。He is the only one of the students who knows French. (the only one为先行词)他是唯一一个懂法语的学生。He is one of the students who know French. (students为先行词)他是懂法语的学生之一。.选词填空(who/whom/which/that/whose)1Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three month
9、s ago?2Some countries whose names I had never heard of before were shown on the map.3Anyone who/that failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.4All that we need is enough rest after long hours work.5On the train I saw a girl who/that I thought was your sister.6Have you seen the fi
10、lm Titanic whose leading actor is worldfamous?7This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.8The pen that/which he bought yesterday is the same as mine.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1The room which windows face to the north is mine. whichwhose 2Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. 在eat
11、前加who或that 3This is the only one of the rooms that are free now. areis 4The story that you told me it is interesting. 去掉it 5Those who has finished work may go home. hashave 6He is one of the teachers who knows French in our school. knowsknow 7I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.
12、 去掉on或whenwhich 8Anyone who break the law will be punished. breakbreaks .用定语从句合并句子1Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her.2Id like to take care of the child. Her mother died recently.Id like to take care of the child whose mother died r
13、ecently.3My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.My grandparents live in a house which/that is more than 100 years old.4I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.5The girl is from America. Her father is a teac
14、her.The girl whose father is a teacher is from America.6The picture was drawn by a 6yearold girl. You are looking at it.The picture that/which you are looking at was drawn by a 6yearold girl.7The woman is my mother. You are looking after her.The woman that/who/whom you are looking after is my mother.8The meeting will be held in a hotel. We shall take part in it.The meeting that/which we shall take part in will be held in a hotel.- 5 - 版权所有高考资源网
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