1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A study has showed that the brain makes decisions about 10 seconds before a person realizes it. Experts involved in the study said that looking at brain activity while making a decision,they could predict the choices the subjects would make, be
2、fore they realized that they had made a decision. Lead researcher John-Dylan Haynes, a neuroscientist (神经学家)at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, said that the new findings called into questions for “consciousness”of decisions that people make, and might even
3、 challenge ideas as to how“free”people are to make a decision at a particular moment.“We think our decisions are conscious, but these data show that consciousness is just the tip of the iceberg,”Nature magazine quoted (引用) him as saying. Thinking the results“quite dramatic”, Frank Tong of Vanderbilt
4、 University in Nashville, Tennessee, said that 10 seconds is“a lifetime”in terms of brain activity. During the study, the brains of 14 volunteers were imaged as they performed a decision-making task. The subjects had two buttons before them, each to be operated by a different hand, which they could
5、press when they felt the urge to. They were simultaneously (同时地)shown a stream of letters, which appeared on a screen at half-second intervals (间隔). The volunteers had to remember which letter was showing when they decided to press their button.Upon analysis of the data, the researchers realized tha
6、t the earliest signal they could catch started seven seconds before the volunteers reported having made their decision. Given the delay of a few seconds in the imaging, they reckoned (估计) that the brain activity could have begun about ten seconds before the conscious decision. The researchers showed
7、 that the signals were picked up from a region (区域)called the frontopolar cortex (脑额极皮层),which is located at the front of the brain, immediately behind the forehead.While writing about the observations made during the research in his study report, Haynes said that the frontopolar cortex might be the
8、 brain region where decisions are started. He also showed that the next step in the research would be to speed up the data analysis so as to enable his team to predict peoples choices as their brains would make them. 1. The passage tells us that _.A. we are aware of our whole process of decision-mak
9、ingB. people dont make decisions until they realize itC. experts have no way to tell what decision one will makeD. the decision-making process starts before it is made2. The underlined word “subjects”in Para. 2 probably refers to _.A. the topic of the experts research paperB. the scientific subjects
10、 that the experts were studyingC. the things that experts dont know clearlyD. the volunteers that the experts worked on for their research3. The underlined sentence“consciousness is just the tip of the iceberg”in Para. 4 means that _.A. our decision-making is consciousB. the data contains a lot of i
11、nformation besides consciousnessC. consciousness is the major part of the dataD. 10 seconds is“a lifetime”in terms of brain activity4. The final purpose of the research _.A. is not stated clearly in the passage B. is not acknowledged by expertsC. is to show where decision-making starts D. is to anal
12、yze the data picked up5. The passage implies that _.A. the research has been completedB. the research was conducted by two expertsC. the decision-making process lasts only about 10 secondsD. we may predict what decisions people will make in the future 【参考答案】14、DDBA 2016高考英语二轮：（寒假）阅读理解训练（12）及答案AOnce
13、there was a man who liked to eat mangoes(芒果). One day he decided to get the sweetest mango from the very top of the tree. Mangoes which are exposed to the sun the most are the sweetest. So he climbed up to the top, where the branches were thin. He managed to pick up a few sweet reddish fruits, but,
14、in an attempt to climb down, he slipped and started falling towards the ground. Fortunately, he caught the branch as he was falling and remained helplessly hanging on the tree. Then he started to call nearby villagers for help. They immediately came with a ladder and sticks, but could do little to h
15、elp him. Then after some time one calm and thoughtful person arrived - a well-known sage who lived in a simple hut nearby. People were very curious to see what he would do, as he was famous in solving many peoples problems in the area and sometimes very complicated ones. He was silent for a minute a
16、nd then picked up a stone and threw it at the hanging man. Thats what everybody wanted - that he came down. But how? Now everybody was tense(紧张), as to what would happen next! Some wanted to punish the sage, but they didnt. The sage picked another stone and threw it again at the man, even more force
17、fully. Now the man on the tree was enraged and developed a great determination to come down and take revenge（报仇）.He then used all his skill and strength and somehow reached the branches which were safe to start going down. And he made it! Everybody was amazed.However, the rescued man found the sage
18、gone. He stood there, realizing that the man really helped him because he induced him to try his best and save himself. “I should be thankful and not angry.” 1What happened after he had picked a few sweet reddish mangoes?AHe remained hanging helplessly on the tree.BHe slipped and fell to the ground
19、suddenly.CHe was climbing down quickly but carefully.DHe shouted loudly for help but no one helped.2How did the man feel when the sage hit him with a stone?AHe was nervous. BHe kept silent. CHe was angry. DHe felt surprised.3What do you think motivated the man to climb down? ACourage. B. Assistance.
20、 CCarefulness.DRevenge. 4From the story we know that the sweetest mango must be the one . Aon the tree for the longest time Bhidden in the middle of a treeCon the very top of the a tree Dexposed to sunlight less often参考答案14 ACDC BWe often smile at times. However, the meaning of a smile in different
21、cultures may be different. Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and amusement, but it can also indicate embarrassment. The following examples show this point of view: In an attempt to be open and friendly, people in the United States smile a lot. Every one smiles at each other, t
22、his nonverbal communication shows being friendly in the United States. However，in China, smiling is not only an expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid being embarrassed. Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment. Smiling is a kind of good will bu
23、t not sneer（嘲笑）. For example: When a child falls off from a bike, the adults in China may smile, which is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh.When a person from the United States might blush（脸红）with embarrassment or become offensive, a Chinese might blush with smil
24、e. To avoid serious misunderstanding, people who engage in intercultural communication should be able to understand the meaning of smiling appropriately. Related to the smile is the laugh. Also, different cultures have different meanings about laugh. For example, Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt
25、 belly (腹部) laugh that comes from the deepest emotions. However, most Chinese seldom laugh that way because they are thought to be silly except among close friends. 5. We can use smile to express all of the following feelings except_,A. joy and happiness B. amusement C. embarrassment D. fear6. Peopl
26、e often smile at each other in the United States because_.A. they are very happy B. they want to show they are friendlyC. they want to hide their true feelings D. they want to avoid embarrassment7. In China, seeing a child falls off a bike, an adult will smile in order to _.A. laugh at him B. avoid
27、his own embarrassmentC. avoid embarrassment and encourage the boy D. show his politeness8. What is mainly talked about in the passage?A. People smile at times. B. Smiling can express different feelings depending on different cultures.C. Americans are more open and friendly than Chinese people. D. Th
28、e Chinese people often hide their true feelings. 参考答案58DBCB C The driver fled the scene of the accident, leaving the girl to bleed on the sidewalk. Over the next six minutes, more than a dozen people walked by the girl, yet not one individual did anything to help her. The girl was then hit a second
29、time by another van before an elderly trash collector came to her aid and brought the attention of the girls mother, according to the video and eyewitnesses. Doctors said that the girl, who was put on life support after being hospitalized, remains in a deep coma. The girls parents, who are migrants
30、living in the city, are now with her. Police said the drivers of both vehicles have been arrested. However, the indifference of the bystanders shown in the video has shocked the public, as Internet forums have boiled with anger, and people are questioning the morality of society. High moral standard
31、s were once triumphed as national pride in China where individuals known for selflessly helping others were adored by the public. But in recent years, the perception of a decline of morals has become a hot topic as profit and materialism are recognized to be affecting societys values.On Sept. 2. an
32、88-year-old man in central China collapsed, his face striking the pavement. Yet, no one came to his aid, and he ended up choking to death on the blood from his nose. Some have linked the absence of good models to a previous case in which a man trying to help an elderly woman who fell was accused of
33、harming her.A strong chorus of opinion on the Internet says laws should exempt（免除）models from responsibility, yet laws themselves cannot solve societys morality dilemma.Cao Lin, a China Youth Daily commentator, said in a signed article published on Monday that the worry of responsibility should not
34、be an excuse for not helping, and this case exposes the decline of humanity in Chinese society.9. What happened to the two-year-old girl? A. Nobody helped her after she was struck by two different vans. B. She died immediately after she was hit a second time. C. An old trash collector saved her and
35、attracted her mothers attention. D. Journalists from TVS captured her story by using a camera.10. From the passage, what would happen if someone helped others selflessly in the past?A. The public would feel proud of him/ her and showed love and respect for him/ her.B. He/she would be awarded by the
36、government.C. He/she would be condemned by the public.D. He/she would have to worry about legal responsibility.11 In recent years, societys values are believed to be affected by_.A. peoples awareness B. the indifference of bystandersC. profit and materialism D. the morals of society12. Where is the
37、article probably taken from?A. A news report. B. A fashion magazine. C. A science fiction. D. An education column.参考答案912CACA DMost people are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works of art made at different times from 1,500 B.C. to the 1950s. Most of t
38、he people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the worlds population is left-handed.Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a perso
39、ns two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain. The right side of the brain, which makes a persons hands and eyes work together, co
40、ntrols the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists as among people in other jobs.No o
41、ne really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged when they are born. However, this doesnt happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason why
42、 people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive the gene(基因) for right-handedness, he / she may become either right-handed or left-handed according to the chance and the people they work or live with.Though right-handednes
43、s is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they dont have to. 13. What is the hand for most people used to do?A. Its used to find or h
44、old things.B. Its used to work with things.C. Its used to make a persons eyes work together.D. Its the centre for thinking and doing problems.14. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed.B. Left-handedness is cleverer
45、 than right-handedness.C. Today children are not made to use their right hands only.D. Scientists think there must be some reason why people become left-handed.15. The best title for this passage is _.A. Scientists New InventionsB. Left-handed PeopleC. Which HandD. Different Brains, Different Hands 参考答案1315ABC- 8 - 版权所有高考资源网
