1、课时作业8.阅读理解AThe clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast in the doctors office and the queue of patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say its high time for the model of short, sharp onetoone appointments to give way to shared medical appointments (SMAs)SMAs are
2、doctorpatient visits in which a group of patients receive patient education and counseling (咨询), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common illness or medical condition. In cont
3、rast to onetoone visits, SMAs provide a longer appointment time frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report tha
4、t there are significant challenges involved. Dr Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, identifies culture change as the most significant challenge. Physicians and nurses are trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to
5、 those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed standards. Dr Sumego says, “The physicians may be worried about the possible chaos and efficiencies that are marketed. They also have to make the patients understand what their appointment is, and what the
6、expectation is.”“So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buyin from a few champion physicians, develop the workflow and develop some experience. Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some standar
7、ds so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical appointments and the next.”面对一对一的医患就诊模式，有人提出了共享医疗预约的就诊方式；这种共享形式的预约以小组为单位，进行集体医患交流，提高了效率，但在实施过程中也存在一些问题。1What is the purpose of the SMA approach?ATo improve medical service.BTo promote doctors reputati
8、on.CTo conduct medical research.DTo meet patients expectation.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Typically SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common illness or medical condition.access to their physicians”可知，SMAs旨在让一名或多名医生照顾一组有相同疾病或病理状况的患者。这为患者提供了更长的会面时间和更好地与医生
9、接触的机会。由此可知，共享医疗预约的目的在于改善医疗服务。故选A。2According to Dr Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted?APersonal service. BFixed ideas.CLack of equipment. DShared goals.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Physicians and nurses are trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is
10、a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas”可知，医生和护士接受的培训是基于一种个人服务和隐私保护的模式，而SMA方法则是对那些固定观念的挑战。由此可知，他认为阻碍这种方法被广泛采用的障碍，就在于先前的这些固定的观念。故选B。3What can the underlined “buyin” in Paragraph 4 be replaced by?ASupport. BOrganization.CPurchase. DPractice.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“I would advise them to start the bu
11、yin from a few champion physicians.Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like”可知，Dr Sumego建议选择一些优秀的医生开始实行SMA，并在这种最佳实践的背后提供一些支持，“the buyin from a few champion physicians”与“that best practice”相对应，此处的buyin指实践，故选D。4What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragrap
12、h?AIt is currently being questioned.BIt is impractical in some areas.CIt will enjoy wide popularity soon.DIt should be carried out step by step.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“start the buyin.Create some standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical
13、appointments and the next”可知，共享医疗预约的发展是一个逐步实施的过程。故选D。BHow some companies fight the curse (祸害) of presenteeism (超时工作)? Ronald Reagan famously joked that “its true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance？”Beyond_a_certain_level,_extra_effort_seems_to_be_selfdefeating. Studies
14、 suggest that, after around 50 hours a week, employee productivity declines sharply.But that doesnt stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods. Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, the Chinese ecommerce group, recently praised the 996 model, where employee
15、s work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, as a “great opportunity”. Yet presenteeism is the curse of the modern office worker.There will be days when you do not have much to do; perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department, or a different company, to respond to a reque
16、st. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your bosses hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.The consequence is often wasted effort. Rather than work hard, you slave to make bosses think that y
17、ou are. But presenteeism has more serious consequences. As well as reduced productivity, this can mean greater medical expenses for the employer. According to a study in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absentee
18、ism among workers.None of this is to say that employers are not called to expect workers to be in the office for a proper period of time. Surely there will be a need for some (preferably short) meetings. Dealing with colleagues facetoface creates a feeling of togetherness, allows for a useful exchan
19、ge of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their mutual needs.Turning an office into a prison, with inmates (囚犯) allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presenc
20、e of mind, not just being present in the flesh.本文是一篇议论文，作者在文中论述了超时工作的负面影响，包括降低生产效率、增加成本等。5Why deos the author mention Ronald Reagans joke in Para.1?ATo encourage people to grasp the chance to work hard.BTo show that hard work is harmless.CTo introduce the topic of the passage.DTo praise Ronald Reaga
21、ns joking skills.答案：C解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章的主题是论述超时工作的负面影响。从结构上来看，作者在第一段用罗纳德里根曾说过的一句著名的俏皮话点题(为什么要冒险加班工作)，下文则紧接着论述让员工超负荷工作产生的各种负面影响，由此可推知作者在第一段提到里根的话是为了引出文章主题。故选C。6What is the meaning of the underlined sentence?AExtra effort causes problems or difficulties.BWith extra effort, we can defeat anybody.CWe sh
22、ould say no to extra effort.DExtra effort isnt necessarily helpful.答案：D解析：句意理解题。根据上文罗纳德里根的俏皮话可知，没有必要冒险努力工作；下文表明，一周工作50个小时后，员工的生产力会急剧下滑，由此可推知画线句表示超过一定水平后，多余的努力会适得其反，故选D。7According to the passage, which of the following situation is helpful to the company?AYour team has a tenminute meeting after work
23、for an urgent problem.BYou dont go home until 7：30 pm because your boss is in his office and he can see you.CThe manager tours the engineering department at 7：30 pm to check people are at their desks.DYou attend the office even when you suffer lower back pain.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Surely there will
24、 be a need for some (preferably short) meetings”可知，开会(最好是短会)对公司是有必要的，故选A。8Which of the following opinions agrees with the passage?ASome managers expect workers tie themselves up with a chain to their desks.BReduced productivity can mean greater medical expenses for the employer.CWith growing demand
25、of creativity on office workers, a prisonlike office is not a wise option.DPresence of mind guarantees your productivity.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句可知，把办公室变成监狱对(员工的)创造力毫无益处，故选C。.七选五Many people believe that there is some truth in the saying “Laughter is the best medicine.” _1_ Laughter helps relieve pain, s
26、trengthen the immune system and reduce stress. Laughter stimulates (激发) hormones which make us feel happy. Laughter also increases the flow of blood throughout the body and has benefits which are similar to the ones you get by doing exercise._2_ Children exposed to funny films and cartoons before ma
27、jor medical procedures are able to cope better with pain and anxiety. _3_ These are professional clowns who are sent to hospitals and wards to entertain and distract sick children.Laughter therapy has become very popular in recent years and as a result, more and more laughter clubs are starting to o
28、pen up in cities and towns all over the world. At a laughter session, a trained therapist instructs the group to perform a series of exercises which are designed to produce laughter. _4_ And it takes them some time to get rid of their inhibitions (拘谨). They might even start off with fake laughter, b
29、ut this doesnt matter because our bodies cant tell the difference, and the results are the same. Moreover, laughter is contagious (有感染力的). _5_So next time you feel ill, stressed out or depressed, try watching a funny film or try remembering an amusing incident in your life. You will soon feel better
30、.AIf one person starts giggling, it is unavoidable that everyone else will be drawn in.BLaughter helps you focus.CThis finding has led to socalled clown doctors.DIn fact, research done by scientists has shown that laughter has a lot of health benefits.ELaughter makes the world a better and more colo
31、rful place.FSome people may find the idea embarrasssing at first.GUsing laughter therapy in childrens hospitals has proven to be invaluable.笑对人体健康有诸多好处。笑疗法已被证明是非常有效的，全世界各地的专业的笑疗法治疗机构越来越多。1D解析：根据空前的“Laughter is the best medicine”和空后的内容可知，笑对人体健康有诸多好处，故D项“实际上，由科学家做出的研究表明笑对健康有很多益处”符合语境，承上启下。2G解析：根据空后一句可
32、知，孩子在进行重大医疗手术之前，看滑稽的电影和卡通片能够更好地应付痛苦和焦虑，故G项“在儿童医院使用笑疗法被证明是极有用的”符合语境，且该项中的“childrens hospitals”和空后的“Children”呼应。3C解析：根据空后一句可知，这些都是专业的小丑，他们被派往医院和病房以逗乐生病的孩子，分散他们的注意力；故可推知，C项“这一调查结果导致了所谓的小丑医生的诞生”符合语境。4F解析：根据空后的“their inhibitions (拘谨)”可知，F项“这个主意刚开始可能会让一些人难为情”符合语境，衔接下文。5A解析：根据空前一句可知，笑声是有感染力的，故A项“如果一个人开始咯咯地
33、笑，其他人也会无法避免地跟着笑”符合语境，承接上文。.语法填空Ever wondered how many calories are in the human body? Or ever wondered why old people have _1_ (big) ears than they used to? The winners of Ig Nobel Prizes (搞笑诺贝尔奖) have got the answers.The Ig Nobel Prizes, founded in 1991, are to honor achievements _2_ first make peo
34、ple laugh, and then make them think. The ceremony _3_ (take) place at Harvard University every year. Winners acceptance _4_ (speech) are limited to 60 seconds, _5_ (strict) policed (监督) by an eightyearold girl.The honored research might seem ridiculous _6_ first sight, but that doesnt mean it lacks
35、scientific value. For example, the research in 2006 on why dry spaghetti tends to break into more than two pieces was important _7_ (discover) failure in bridge spans (跨度) or human bones. And a followup paper _8_ (publish) by MIT physicists several years later. But people are more likely to read abo
36、ut _9_ (break) spaghetti than to read an academic paper. Even when there is no immediate usefulness, _10_ is still good to encourage people to observe and think.1bigger解析：考查形容词的比较级。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词ears，应用形容词形式，在句子中作定语，又根据句中的比较级符号“than”可知，此处应填big的比较级形式bigger。2that/which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个限制性定语从句
37、，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词“achievements”，所以填that或which。3takes解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应为谓语，和句子的主语“The ceremony”构成主动关系，又由句中的时间状语“every year”可知，空处应用一般现在时的单数形式，所以填takes。4speeches解析：考查名词的单复数。由句中的“are”可知，空处应为名词的复数形式，所以填speeches。5strictly解析：考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰policed，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填strictly。6at解析：考查介词。at fi
38、rst sight“乍一看”是固定用法，所以填介词at。7to_discover解析：考查非谓语动词。“be important to do sth.”是一种固定用法，故空处应用动词不定式形式to discover。8was_published解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，a followup paper为句子主语；由句中的被动语态符号“by”和语境可知，空处与主语a followup paper之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；又由句子的时间状语“several years later”可知，此处应用一般过去时，所以填was published。9breaking解析：考查动名词。根据语境可知，此处表示人们更可能读关于折断意大利细面条的信息，空处应用动名词形式，故填breaking。10it解析：考查代词。此处是“it is形容词to do sth.”(做某事是的)固定句型，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，所以填代词it。
