1、Module 1British and American English Section Grammar复习动词时态()语法图解课文原句感知A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together.This international dimension suggests that in the future,
2、there are going to be many “Englishes”， not just two main varieties.Users of English will be able to understand each otherwherever they are.Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago.语法领悟(1)句使用了一般现在时态，表示经常或习惯性发生的动作；当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人
3、称单数形式。(2)句使用了现在进行时态，表示现阶段正在进行的动作，谓语动词的构成为：am/is/aredoing。(3)句和句使用了一般将来时态，句表示有征兆或迹象会发生某事，句4表示将要发生的动作或状态。(4)句使用了现在完成时态，表示该动作发生在过去，持续到了现在，谓语动词的构成为：have/hasdone。一、一般现在时1表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。常和often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week等时间状语连用。I often read books in my spare time.业余时间我经常看书。W
4、e go to school at 6 am every day.我们每天早上六点去上学。2表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。Mary is good at music.玛丽擅长音乐。He knows a lot of English.他懂得很多英语。3表示客观事实或普遍真理。Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。4在时间、让步和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.等他来了，我们再开始讨论。Youll make gr
5、eat progress if you work hard!如果你努力学习，就会取得很大进步。5表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事，通常限于表示“位置转移”的非延续性动词(词组)，如go, come, leave, start, begin, open, close, arrive, take off等，其后常跟有表示将来的时间状语。The train leaves at 7：25 this evening.火车今晚7：25开。Our summer vacation begins in early July.我们的暑假七月初开始。6用于小说、故事、文学作品等的情节介绍、评论等。Harry P
6、otter is set in the modern world.哈利波特以现代世界为背景。即学即练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空The shop opens (open) at nine every day. Ill follow him wherever he goes (go). Tom calls (call) his parents once a week.Helen says she will leave the company if she is_punished (punish) for her carelessness.(2)完成句子在你忘记之前，你最好把她的电话号码记下来。
7、Youd better write down her phone number before you forget it.飞机将于下午4点起飞。The plane takes off at 4 pm. 二、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作。(1)表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, at present, at this moment等连用。All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now.同学们正在教室里复习功课。(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作。常与these days, thi
8、s week/month, recently等连用。These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.这些天我们一直在农场帮农民们干活。2现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly, forever等表示频度的副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，常含有厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。She is always thinking of others instead of herself.她总是想着别人而不是她自己。(赞扬)The boy is constantly asking such silly qu
9、estions.那个男孩老是提这类愚蠢的问题。(不耐烦)名师点津现在进行时的这一用法与一般现在时的区别在于，后者只是说明事实，不含感情色彩。He is constantly doing good work at school.他在学校总是成绩优秀。(表扬)He does good work at school.他在学校成绩优秀。(事实)3在口语中，表示主语按计划将要进行的动作。常与come(来), go(去), leave(离开), depart (离开), arrive(到达), start/begin (开始), take off(起飞)等动词(词组)连用。Mr Smith is leav
10、ing for Nanjing tonight.史密斯先生今晚去南京。即学即练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空Hurry up! Mark and Carol are_expecting (expect) us.A new cinema is_being_built (build) here. They hope to finish it next month.(2)用现在进行时完成句子The mothers now are always sending their children (总是送她们的孩子)to all kinds of classes after school.He is pre
11、paring for (正在准备) the exam.三、一般将来时一般将来时表示在现在看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。1shall/will动词原形，表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态，特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下临时决定去做的事情只能用此结构。I think they will help you if you tell them.我认为只要你告诉他们，他们会帮助你的。Tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday.Oh, I didnt know. I will see him after work.汤姆在昨天的事故中受伤很严重。噢，我不知
12、道。我下班后去看他。(临时决定)2will动词原形，表示习惯性动作或未来的倾向。Wherever he goes, he will take an umbrella with him.无论到哪儿，他总是带着一把伞。3除“shall/will动词原形”构成一般将来时外，以下形式也可构成将来时：(1)be going to动词原形，表示即将发生的事情或近期准备，打算，有迹象表明要做某事。What are you going to do next Sunday?下星期天你打算干什么？Look, its going to rain.瞧，要下雨了。(2)be about to do sth.意为“正要做
13、某事；马上要做某事”。Please get everything ready. The experiment is about to start.请准备好一切。实验就要开始了。名师点津 be about to do多与when连用，一般不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。(3)be to do表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。Who is to clean the classroom today?今天该谁打扫教室了？即学即练3用所给词的适当形式填空Jack is waiting for you at the gate of your company.Oh, thank you. I
14、will_go (go) out and meet him.No one is to_leave (leave) this building without the permission of the police.Look at the clouds. There is_going_to_be (be) a storm.How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we will_see (see) what we can do for you.四、现在完成时1表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响或结果
15、，常与already, yet, never, before, so far, up to now等连用。I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time.我已经提前制订了学习计划。名师点津时态区别现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响落脚点在现在一般过去时着重说明动作发生在过去，强调动作本身落脚点在过去She has lived in Paris for twenty years.她在巴黎住了20年了。(可能刚搬走，还可能继续住下去)She lived in Paris for twenty years.她在巴黎住了20年
16、。(现在已经不在那儿住了)2表示从过去开始持续到现在并有可能持续下去的动作或状态，这时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：lately, recently, these days, in the past few days, during the last two weeks, since two days ago, for a long time等。We have learned English for eight years.我们学习英语八年了。3在“It/This is the first/second.last time从句”与“It/This is the序数词或形容词最高级名词tha
17、t从句”这两个句型中，从句中的谓语要用现在完成时。It is the first time I have driven a car.这是我第一次开车。This is the most interesting film he has made.这是他拍的最有趣的电影。名师点津若It is the first/second.that.句型中is改为was，从句中的谓语动词应用had done形式。4在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中代替将来完成时。Ill go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.我一完成作业就会去参加聚会。即学即练4
18、(1)用所给词的适当形式填空By the time he realizes he has_walked (walk) into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.His first novel has_received (receive) good reviews since it came out last month.Im glad you have_made (make) great progress so far. Keep it up and you must be successful.It is th
19、e first time that he has_been_invited (invite) to Japan.It is the most instructive lecture that I have_attended (attend) since I came to this school.(2)完成句子在过去的20年里这个小城发生了巨大的变化。Great changes have taken place in the small city in the last 20 years. 最近广场周围新种了不少树。Recently, lots of trees have been plant
20、ed around the square.链接高考单句语法填空1(2018浙江)You probably have_used (use) caffeine since childhood.2(2018北京)Chinas highspeed railways have_grown (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.3(2018天津)My washing machine is_being_repaired (repair) this week，so I have to wash my clothes by ha
21、nd.4(2017北京)People have (have) better access to health care than they used to，and theyre living longer as a result.5(2017全国卷)When summer comes (come)，they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!6(2017全国卷)I have_grown (grow) not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years
22、.7(2017江苏)Hes been informed that he doesnt_qualify (not qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background.8(2016北京)I have_read (read) half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.9(2015北京)Dr Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I will_call (call) him later.10(2015湖南)As you go through this book，you will_find (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.